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Montana Coal and the Milwaukee Road

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Posted by Murphy Siding on Friday, September 16, 2005 6:35 AM
Clay? I think I meant plaster,maybe?[:I] In your example above, it would have*only* taken the 2 steam shovels about 7-8 years to dig it out.[;)]. I think that would be called job security, for the shovel operators.

Thanks

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Posted by PNWRMNM on Friday, September 16, 2005 8:30 AM
I can suggest two reasons why they never daylighted Boyleston Tunnel. No need and no money.

While I have not walked or rode through the tunnel I am familiar with the local geology. The tunnel is in basalt rock. Basalt is a very hard material and will hold a virtually vertical face for thousands of years. The tunnel was only in use about 70 years, a blink of the geological eye. I suspect the tunnel is unlined, as was the one on the GN Mansfield branch also in basalt, which I have both walked and rode through.

The Milwaukee went bankrupt three times in the 20th century. They did not have money for necessities, let alone daylighting a tunnel in hard solid rock just for the entertainment value of it.

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Posted by Anonymous on Friday, September 16, 2005 11:33 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by PNWRMNM

I can suggest two reasons why they never daylighted Boyleston Tunnel. No need and no money.

While I have not walked or rode through the tunnel I am familiar with the local geology. The tunnel is in basalt rock. Basalt is a very hard material and will hold a virtually vertical face for thousands of years. The tunnel was only in use about 70 years, a blink of the geological eye. I suspect the tunnel is unlined, as was the one on the GN Mansfield branch also in basalt, which I have both walked and rode through.

The Milwaukee went bankrupt three times in the 20th century. They did not have money for necessities, let alone daylighting a tunnel in hard solid rock just for the entertainment value of it.

Mac


The question wasn't why didn't they daylight Boylston, it is did they ever consider daylighting Boylston.

Basalt tends to be columnar, and can fracture easily. And of all the reasons railroads daylight tunnels, I doubt any of them do so "just for the entertainment value of it."
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Posted by Murphy Siding on Friday, September 16, 2005 11:42 AM
I find entertainment value just in contemplating the idea of daylighting a tunnel just for the entertainment value of it![:-,]. I would suspect that the Milwaukee * entertained* the idea from time to time.[}:)]

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Posted by MichaelSol on Friday, September 16, 2005 12:50 PM
I think what was meant is that daylighting would have had to have been for entertainment value because in this particular instance, the tunnel was extremely dry, the rock extremely hard, it was relatively short, there was no timber cribbing or lining.

If ever there was a tunnel for which daylighting made no sense, Boylston was it.

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Posted by nanaimo73 on Friday, September 16, 2005 1:13 PM
Michael
Do you know what year the PCE opened for tri-level autoracks ?
Do you know the clearance, 19' ?
Did many autos get damaged by the current jumping from the catenary to antennas ?
Why was the WSS&YP shown on CMSP&P maps ? Did the Milwaukee own the ROW and lease it to the WSS&YP ?
Was the spur just west of Roundup to Klein a source of steam locomotive coal ?
What is your favorite book on the CMSP&P ?
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Posted by MichaelSol on Friday, September 16, 2005 1:36 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by nanaimo73

Michael
Do you know what year the PCE opened for tri-level autoracks ?
Do you know the clearance, 19' ?
Did many autos get damaged by the current jumping from the catenary to antennas ?
Why was the WSS&YP shown on CMSP&P maps ? Did the Milwaukee own the ROW and lease it to the WSS&YP ?
Was the spur just west of Roundup to Klein a source of steam locomotive coal ?
What is your favorite book on the CMSP&P ?

The line was available for trilevel Autoracks beginning in October, 1963. The typical tunnel clearance below the trolley was approximately 20+ feet. There wasn't much chance of arcing on the DC system. What happened early on was auto antennae being left in the "up" position on the third level. ZAP! The solution was easy. Of course, after the covered autocarriers entered service, there was no problem.

Milwaukee owned the WSS&YP and leased it. In turn the lessee leased the equipment from MILW.

I seem to remember the Klein spur was east of Roundup. I'll have to check when I get home. It's been a while.

For books, there isn't really a significantly good historical book. Derleth's book "The Milwaukee Road, the First hundred Years," has good writing. Derleth was a good writer. But historical research was not his forte', and the book repeats a number of very significant errors in the historical record.

I used to consider "The Investor Pays," by Max Lowenthal as a model of investigatory writing into important railroad finance and history. However, after spending a week reviewing Lowenthal's working papers for the book, I changed my opinon considerably. Interestingly, one of his contentions, that the Milwaukee receivership of 1925 was not a "real" receivership, but contrived as a means of obtaining control by a special interest group, is much more strongly supported by the statistcal record than Lowenthal imagined.

Noel Holley's "The Milwaukee's Mighty Electrics," is very well done. Fred Hyde's book, "The Milwaukee Road," is likewise a very enjoyable book, and while primarily photographic, spent more than the usual amount of time obtaining knowledgeable and informed photo cutlines. Both of these gentlemen produced the "best of the best," as far as Milwaukee Road books that are "out there."

Best regards, Michael Sol
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Posted by MichaelSol on Friday, September 16, 2005 3:31 PM
I neglected to mention, and should have mentioned, "The Electric Way Across the Mountains," by Richard Steinheimer, soon to be re-released, which is a first class book by any measure.

Personal favorites: "The Olympian: a Ride to Remember," by Stanley Johnson, and Stan's "Milwaukee Road Revisited."

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Posted by Anonymous on Friday, September 16, 2005 4:32 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

I think what was meant is that daylighting would have had to have been for entertainment value because in this particular instance, the tunnel was extremely dry, the rock extremely hard, it was relatively short, there was no timber cribbing or lining.

If ever there was a tunnel for which daylighting made no sense, Boylston was it.

Best regards, Michael Sol


I take it then that after the wires came down, either the length of a little less than 1/2 mile did not affect the O2 supply of mid-train helpers, or Milwaukee never had occassion to use pushers and midtrain helpers here after de-electrification? (You may have answered in the Milwaukee thread, but I ain't going back through that compilation!)

BTW, did Boylston have a grade westbound or eastbound, or was it essentially flat?
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Posted by VerMontanan on Friday, September 16, 2005 4:39 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by gabe

(1) I once remember someone saying something to the effect of "had Montana's coal been in Oklahoma rather than Montana the CB&Q would have gone the way of the Rock and the Rock would have done quite well.

I know that the majority of Montana coal is in the Powder River Basin, but I don't know the full geographic extent of this basin. So, did the Milwaukee Road's Pudget Sound extension come anywhere close to this coal, and if so, how close was the Milwaukee Road to missing the traffic boom, and finally, could this coal have saved the Milwaukee Road?



It's important to remember that while the Rock Island went bankrupt, it did not go away, or at least not to the extent of some other railroads. Perhaps the biggest portion which is abandoned are large portions of its Tucumcari to Memphis line (and I suspect that BNSF wishes it had this rather than the route it uses between Amarillo and Memphis now), but when one sees that Houston to Minneapolis, the "Golden State" route to Santa Rosa, NM and Chicago to Council Bluffs remains in use, sometimes well-used, it can be said that much of the Rock Island still lives today.

The former Milwaukee line across South Dakota still hosts one loaded coal train, destined for the plant in Big Stone City, SD. These trains usually originate in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and are routed via Sheridan and Forsyth. However, no through coal trains use this route. Coal trains loaded in the Sheridan, Wyoming area (Decker, Montana) destined for the Twin Cities operate via ex-NP line across North Dakota; trains loaded in the Gillette area and on the Orin Line destined for the Twin Cities usually operate through Alliance and Lincoln, NE, then north through Sioux City and Willmar.

I've always thought it odd that the former MILW line was not used for through coal trains. Granted, the improvements made since the late 1970s along the ex-NP line provide it with greater capacity, but this route requires much more power than the ex-MILW line. Today, nearly every coal train east out of Glendive has a manned helper at least as far as Fryburg, ND. (Though they have been tried on occasion, distributed power is not regularly used east of Glendive.) The Big Stone trains do run with distributed power, due to their size.

The main advantage of the ex-NP route is that it better accesses where the coal is going....for right now, anyway....places like Stanton, ND, Fargo, Grand Forks, Hoot Lake, MN, Cohasset, MN, Virginia, MN, Becker, MN, and of course, Superior, WI. Another reason for the NP route being used is that the power for the coal trains is maintained at the ex-NP roundhouse at Glendive, Montana.



Mark Meyer

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Posted by MichaelSol on Friday, September 16, 2005 8:28 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by futuremodal

[quote
I take it then that after the wires came down, either the length of a little less than 1/2 mile did not affect the O2 supply of mid-train helpers, or Milwaukee never had occassion to use pushers and midtrain helpers here after de-electrification? (You may have answered in the Milwaukee thread, but I ain't going back through that compilation!)

BTW, did Boylston have a grade westbound or eastbound, or was it essentially flat?

Tunnel No. 75, Johnson Creek Tunnel, is 1783' long. Coming from the east, a 2% grade gradually begins to level out about a half mile from the tunnel, is 0% about mid-way through the tunnel, and begins a gradual descent which turns into a 1% descending grade, then 1.6% about a half mile west of the west portal of the tunnel.

Helpers were abolished after June 15, 1974, however, for a period of a very few days in 1978, helpers were stationed at Beverly to assist some heavy wheat trains which were underpowered because of a system-wide power shortage that summer.

Best regards, Michael Sol
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Posted by MichaelSol on Friday, September 16, 2005 8:35 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by nanaimo73

Was the spur just west of Roundup to Klein a source of steam locomotive coal ?

You were right. "Mine #3 Spur" was west of Roundup, about a mile west of the Roundup Depot.

Best regards, Michael Sol
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Posted by Murphy Siding on Friday, September 16, 2005 10:39 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by VerMontanan

QUOTE: Originally posted by gabe

(1) I once remember someone saying something to the effect of "had Montana's coal been in Oklahoma rather than Montana the CB&Q would have gone the way of the Rock and the Rock would have done quite well.

I know that the majority of Montana coal is in the Powder River Basin, but I don't know the full geographic extent of this basin. So, did the Milwaukee Road's Pudget Sound extension come anywhere close to this coal, and if so, how close was the Milwaukee Road to missing the traffic boom, and finally, could this coal have saved the Milwaukee Road?



It's important to remember that while the Rock Island went bankrupt, it did not go away, or at least not to the extent of some other railroads. Perhaps the biggest portion which is abandoned are large portions of its Tucumcari to Memphis line (and I suspect that BNSF wishes it had this rather than the route it uses between Amarillo and Memphis now), but when one sees that Houston to Minneapolis, the "Golden State" route to Santa Rosa, NM and Chicago to Council Bluffs remains in use, sometimes well-used, it can be said that much of the Rock Island still lives today.

The former Milwaukee line across South Dakota still hosts one loaded coal train, destined for the plant in Big Stone City, SD. These trains usually originate in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and are routed via Sheridan and Forsyth. However, no through coal trains use this route. Coal trains loaded in the Sheridan, Wyoming area (Decker, Montana) destined for the Twin Cities operate via ex-NP line across North Dakota; trains loaded in the Gillette area and on the Orin Line destined for the Twin Cities usually operate through Alliance and Lincoln, NE, then north through Sioux City and Willmar.

I've always thought it odd that the former MILW line was not used for through coal trains. Granted, the improvements made since the late 1970s along the ex-NP line provide it with greater capacity, but this route requires much more power than the ex-MILW line. Today, nearly every coal train east out of Glendive has a manned helper at least as far as Fryburg, ND. (Though they have been tried on occasion, distributed power is not regularly used east of Glendive.) The Big Stone trains do run with distributed power, due to their size.

The main advantage of the ex-NP route is that it better accesses where the coal is going....for right now, anyway....places like Stanton, ND, Fargo, Grand Forks, Hoot Lake, MN, Cohasset, MN, Virginia, MN, Becker, MN, and of course, Superior, WI. Another reason for the NP route being used is that the power for the coal trains is maintained at the ex-NP roundhouse at Glendive, Montana.






I've always thought it was weird that my electricity is produced 200 miles east of my house, using coal from 500 miles west of my house,yet, the coal travels either around S.D. to the north, or the south, to get from point A to point B.

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Posted by Anonymous on Saturday, September 17, 2005 12:28 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by Murphy Siding

I've always thought it was weird that my electricity is produced 200 miles east of my house, using coal from 500 miles west of my house,yet, the coal travels either around S.D. to the north, or the south, to get from point A to point B.


Your time is coming. The DM&E will eventually give you a closer look at the whole process.
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Posted by Anonymous on Saturday, September 17, 2005 12:35 AM
On another one of those "may have already been answered some time ago" questions, I have read where one of the MIlwaukee's board members (a guy named Rockefeller) had pushed for the original PCE project to be a joint effort between the Milwaukee and CNW. At the time of the onset of Milwaukee's PCE construction, what was the farthest westward extent of the CNW line through South Dakota, and would a joint venture have necessitated a more southerly starting point in southwestern SD? If so, wouldn't that have put a CMStP&P/CNW PCE right through the northern portion of Wyoming's PRB?
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Posted by bobwilcox on Saturday, September 17, 2005 6:59 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by futuremodal

QUOTE: Originally posted by Murphy Siding

I've always thought it was weird that my electricity is produced 200 miles east of my house, using coal from 500 miles west of my house,yet, the coal travels either around S.D. to the north, or the south, to get from point A to point B.


Your time is coming. The DM&E will eventually give you a closer look at the whole process.


The DM&E can't raise any money. Its just another pie in the sky scheme.
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Posted by PNWRMNM on Saturday, September 17, 2005 8:11 AM
Bob,

Why is that?

Mac
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Posted by bobwilcox on Saturday, September 17, 2005 10:17 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by PNWRMNM

Bob,

Why is that?

Mac


I assume it it because lenders don't think it is a good business risk. It has been some time since the STB gave the DM&E a regulatory green light. I'm sure the DM&E has given Power Point presentations all over the world but still no financing.

Looking back before 1920 the habit of every railroad in the area rushing to a new mineral discovery was usually a disaster. Each new entry would come in, cut prices and every one would go broke. A classic example was Leadville, CO with three railroads. This was why railroads were advocates for requiring a showing of Public Convenience and Necessity in the Transportation Act of 1920. They wanted to stop "runinous competition" from too many rail carriers. The abandoment side of the same coin came to the fore with the rise of highway competition.
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Posted by MichaelSol on Saturday, September 17, 2005 10:40 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by futuremodal

On another one of those "may have already been answered some time ago" questions, I have read where one of the MIlwaukee's board members (a guy named Rockefeller) had pushed for the original PCE project to be a joint effort between the Milwaukee and CNW. At the time of the onset of Milwaukee's PCE construction, what was the farthest westward extent of the CNW line through South Dakota, and would a joint venture have necessitated a more southerly starting point in southwestern SD? If so, wouldn't that have put a CMStP&P/CNW PCE right through the northern portion of Wyoming's PRB?

The Milwaukee had undertaken tentative exploration surveys, in 1900, for a line to either San Francisco, Portland, or the Puget Sound. In 1901, Milwaukee Chairman Roswell Miller and the new President of the Milwaukee, Albert Earling, had agreed to dispatch surveyors west to determine the costs of building a transcontinental line to the coast, using the Northern Pacific as a model.

Board member William Rockefeller allegedly believed that the Milwaukee should build to the southwest, toward California. Earling and Miller were cool to that idea, believing that, because of its location, Seattle was destined to become the premier shipping port on the coast, simply because it was closest to the Orient and Alaska. There may be some doubt expressed about Rockefeller’s desire to built southwest. Rogers and Rockefeller were in the process of completing their buyout of the Anaconda copper properties in Butte in 1901, and as early as April of that year, Rockefeller voted to authorize a railroad survey from Evarts to Butte, and an alternative survey route from Chamberlain, through Deadwood, to Butte. No Minutes of the Milwaukee Board of Directors suggested construction to California.

These railroad surveys were authorized a matter of days after the Northern Securities dust-up had failed to secure control of the Northern Pacific.

However, E.H. Harriman and the Milwaukee then entered into a joint-use contract of the Union Pacific system. This would have allowed the Milwaukee Road to run its own passenger and freight trains over Union Pacific lines to the coast. The contract, dated October 7, 1902, was between the Milwaukee and the Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, Oregon Short Line, and the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company. It opened up the Milwaukee’s passenger and freight traffic through Omaha and Kansas City, “granting to this company the option of through car service for both passengers and freight; agreeing that the service shall be equal in all respects to the highest class if similar service conducted by either of the parties jointly with any other connecting carrier; that the rates of charge for transportation service, and the facilities employed and provided for the purpose of soliciting, carrying and delivering traffic, and the means used to advertise the through line shall be equal in all respects to those made by either of the parties."

However, this agreement, quite novel for its time, proved unsatisfactory to Miller. He had a tremendous distrust of Harriman, and within three weeks of the agreement, observed that "everything depended upon the good faith of the Union Pacific road, in carrying out the contract." Two weeks after that, he had apparently concluded that the Union Pacific could not be trusted to honor its agreement. A quarter of a century later, Percy Rockefeller, William's son, told the Interstate Commerce Commission that he did not believe that "the Union Pacific ever quite played fair with the St. Paul in that connection."

In 1904, the Company purchased land for terminal facilities in Tacoma and Seattle. The dissolution of the Northern Securities Company seemed to provide an opportunity to again acquire control of the Northern Pacific, but the U.S. Supreme Court approved a Morgan plan of stock distribution which effectively stymied any possibility of control or even influence. This opinion was handed down in March, 1905 and published during the first part of April, 1905. As a result, on April 27, 1905, the Board of Directors appointed a committee consisting of Peter Geddes, H.H. Rogers and Roswell Miller to acquire the right of way for the “Pacific Extension.” Rogers was a Standard Oil officer, and President of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co.. Geddes was a Director of the Union Pacific.

The Pacific Railway Co., a Milwaukee subsidiary, was already building facilities in the Tacoma area, and was directed to complete construction of its Tacoma terminal facilities and Puget Sound rail lines.

In July, 1905, Rockefeller discussed with W. K. Vanderbilt of the Chicago & Northwestern the prospects of a joint line to the coast. After the Milwaukee's experience with the Union Pacific, Miller was not favorable to joint operations.
On November 4, 1905, Miller advised Earling that Rockefeller had finally agreed with Miller's view, and that arrangements for construction should commence. This wasn't true; Rockefeller was still in discussions with Vanderbilt. The Milwaukee Board, under Miller's influence and Rockefeller's absence in Europe, approved the construction of the Pacific Extension.

Rockefeller was pretty much paying for the project out of his own pocket, which he did, but he clearly had wanted to share the burden with another railroad, and also gain the benefits of joint transcontinental traffic. He could see that the CBQ/GN/NP tie-up was backwards. The then-relatively thin traffic on the transcontinentals was shared with the midwestern line, and the transcontinental traffic generated by the midwestern line split between the two parents. What made more sense was two midwestern carriers operating a transcontinental line. Each would contribute to the transcontinental traffic making a much healthier transcontinental system. That's what Rockefeller was attempting.

Advised of Miller's actions, Rockefeller blew a gasket and threatened to fire Miller as Chairman. But, the project was underway.

William Rockefeller was the co-founder, with his brother John D., of the Standard Oil Company.

Best regards, Michael Sol
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Posted by Murphy Siding on Saturday, September 17, 2005 12:18 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by bobwilcox

QUOTE: Originally posted by PNWRMNM

Bob,

Why is that?

Mac


I assume it it because lenders don't think it is a good business risk. It has been some time since the STB gave the DM&E a regulatory green light. I'm sure the DM&E has given Power Point presentations all over the world but still no financing.

Looking back before 1920 the habit of every railroad in the area rushing to a new mineral discovery was usually a disaster. Each new entry would come in, cut prices and every one would go broke. A classic example was Leadville, CO with three railroads. This was why railroads were advocates for requiring a showing of Public Convenience and Necessity in the Transportation Act of 1920. They wanted to stop "runinous competition" from too many rail carriers. The abandoment side of the same coin came to the fore with the rise of highway competition.



I will agree with Bob on this. I just don't the numbers work to get financing.

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Posted by Anonymous on Saturday, September 17, 2005 1:19 PM
Regarding DM&E, I see things swinging in their favor. BNSF and UP have shown that they cannot keep up with coal delivery demands, future power generation clearly favors coal over natural gas and "renewables", and the recent spike in energy prices has forced the feds to consider more options for ensuring adequate supplies.

Most energy analysts now see that an abortion of the DM&E project would have negative implications for future power supply capabilities.
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Posted by Anonymous on Saturday, September 17, 2005 1:38 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by futuremodal

On another one of those "may have already been answered some time ago" questions, I have read where one of the MIlwaukee's board members (a guy named Rockefeller) had pushed for the original PCE project to be a joint effort between the Milwaukee and CNW. At the time of the onset of Milwaukee's PCE construction, what was the farthest westward extent of the CNW line through South Dakota, and would a joint venture have necessitated a more southerly starting point in southwestern SD? If so, wouldn't that have put a CMStP&P/CNW PCE right through the northern portion of Wyoming's PRB?

The Milwaukee had undertaken tentative exploration surveys, in 1900, for a line to either San Francisco, Portland, or the Puget Sound. In 1901, Milwaukee Chairman Roswell Miller and the new President of the Milwaukee, Albert Earling, had agreed to dispatch surveyors west to determine the costs of building a transcontinental line to the coast, using the Northern Pacific as a model.

Board member William Rockefeller allegedly believed that the Milwaukee should build to the southwest, toward California. Earling and Miller were cool to that idea, believing that, because of its location, Seattle was destined to become the premier shipping port on the coast, simply because it was closest to the Orient and Alaska. There may be some doubt expressed about Rockefeller’s desire to built southwest. Rogers and Rockefeller were in the process of completing their buyout of the Anaconda copper properties in Butte in 1901, and as early as April of that year, Rockefeller voted to authorize a railroad survey from Evarts to Butte, and an alternative survey route from Chamberlain, through Deadwood, to Butte. No Minutes of the Milwaukee Board of Directors suggested construction to California.

These railroad surveys were authorized a matter of days after the Northern Securities dust-up had failed to secure control of the Northern Pacific.

However, E.H. Harriman and the Milwaukee then entered into a joint-use contract of the Union Pacific system. This would have allowed the Milwaukee Road to run its own passenger and freight trains over Union Pacific lines to the coast. The contract, dated October 7, 1902, was between the Milwaukee and the Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, Oregon Short Line, and the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company. It opened up the Milwaukee’s passenger and freight traffic through Omaha and Kansas City, “granting to this company the option of through car service for both passengers and freight; agreeing that the service shall be equal in all respects to the highest class if similar service conducted by either of the parties jointly with any other connecting carrier; that the rates of charge for transportation service, and the facilities employed and provided for the purpose of soliciting, carrying and delivering traffic, and the means used to advertise the through line shall be equal in all respects to those made by either of the parties."

However, this agreement, quite novel for its time, proved unsatisfactory to Miller. He had a tremendous distrust of Harriman, and within three weeks of the agreement, observed that "everything depended upon the good faith of the Union Pacific road, in carrying out the contract." Two weeks after that, he had apparently concluded that the Union Pacific could not be trusted to honor its agreement. A quarter of a century later, Percy Rockefeller, William's son, told the Interstate Commerce Commission that he did not believe that "the Union Pacific ever quite played fair with the St. Paul in that connection."

In 1904, the Company purchased land for terminal facilities in Tacoma and Seattle. The dissolution of the Northern Securities Company seemed to provide an opportunity to again acquire control of the Northern Pacific, but the U.S. Supreme Court approved a Morgan plan of stock distribution which effectively stymied any possibility of control or even influence. This opinion was handed down in March, 1905 and published during the first part of April, 1905. As a result, on April 27, 1905, the Board of Directors appointed a committee consisting of Peter Geddes, H.H. Rogers and Roswell Miller to acquire the right of way for the “Pacific Extension.” Rogers was a Standard Oil officer, and President of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co.. Geddes was a Director of the Union Pacific.

The Pacific Railway Co., a Milwaukee subsidiary, was already building facilities in the Tacoma area, and was directed to complete construction of its Tacoma terminal facilities and Puget Sound rail lines.

In July, 1905, Rockefeller discussed with W. K. Vanderbilt of the Chicago & Northwestern the prospects of a joint line to the coast. After the Milwaukee's experience with the Union Pacific, Miller was not favorable to joint operations.
On November 4, 1905, Miller advised Earling that Rockefeller had finally agreed with Miller's view, and that arrangements for construction should commence. This wasn't true; Rockefeller was still in discussions with Vanderbilt. The Milwaukee Board, under Miller's influence and Rockefeller's absence in Europe, approved the construction of the Pacific Extension.

Rockefeller was pretty much paying for the project out of his own pocket, which he did, but he clearly had wanted to share the burden with another railroad, and also gain the benefits of joint transcontinental traffic. He could see that the CBQ/GN/NP tie-up was backwards. The then-relatively thin traffic on the transcontinentals was shared with the midwestern line, and the transcontinental traffic generated by the midwestern line split between the two parents. What made more sense was two midwestern carriers operating a transcontinental line. Each would contribute to the transcontinental traffic making a much healthier transcontinental system. That's what Rockefeller was attempting.

Advised of Miller's actions, Rockefeller blew a gasket and threatened to fire Miller as Chairman. But, the project was underway.

William Rockefeller was the co-founder, with his brother John D., of the Standard Oil Company.

Best regards, Michael Sol



Thanks again, Michael. None of the railfan-type history texts have that level of detail.

I know where Chamberlain is, so that must be where the farthest westward extent of the Milwaukee truncated at the time, but where is Evarts? What was the farthest westward extent of the CNW at the time?

If I understand correctly, that would have made the PCE joint effort starting point somewhere in SW South Dakota (Wall? Rapid City?), then skirting the Black Hills to the north (I doubt they would have followed through on a Deadwood routing through the Black Hills), following roughly the later course of U.S. Highway 14 through Gillette WY (and there's your PRB coal connection), then parallel to CB&Q to Billings, then northwest to the Musselshell valley where it would take on the course of the PCE route eventually chosen.

Rockefeller seems like a pretty smart guy (smarter than JJ) to have envisioned the better consolidation of Midwestern traffic onto one transcon. It's too bad they didn't take his advice, or we'd still be seeing Orange (and green?) through the Idaho Panhandle.

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Posted by Murphy Siding on Saturday, September 17, 2005 9:53 PM
Dave: I believe the Milwaukee ended at Chamberlain, on the Missouri River at the time-big river/no bridge. Evarts was a place a few miles south of what became Mobridge, where the Milwaukee had the same situation-big river/no bridge. At the time, I think CNW went all the way up to Belle Fourche, S.D., maybe all the way to the bentonite mine at Colony, Wyoming. It's doubtfull that the PCE would have taken off from western S.D., skirted the Black Hills and headed west to Gillette Wyoming. The countryside from the S.D. / WY state line is rugged, big,rolling hills. It would difficult to build a line there now. 100 years ago, it would have been darn near impossible. I-90, west of Sundance, WY has hills so steep as to be difficult for cars and trucks to climb! A railroad there then, or now would be unlikely.

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Posted by bobwilcox on Sunday, September 18, 2005 3:34 AM
The C&NW had thought about building west from Lander, WY to hook up somewhere with the SP. When the Big Four sold the SP to Harriman that idea would no longer fly becuase it was presumed Harriman was not interested in shorthauling the UP.
Bob
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Posted by nanaimo73 on Sunday, September 18, 2005 9:11 AM
Back on page 1 arbfbe mentioned the Tongue River Railroad. It appears to me this project is dead. Here is some reading for anyone interested.
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/August/Day-22/i21550.htm
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Posted by Anonymous on Sunday, September 18, 2005 11:19 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by Murphy Siding

Dave: I believe the Milwaukee ended at Chamberlain, on the Missouri River at the time-big river/no bridge. Evarts was a place a few miles south of what became Mobridge, where the Milwaukee had the same situation-big river/no bridge. At the time, I think CNW went all the way up to Belle Fourche, S.D., maybe all the way to the bentonite mine at Colony, Wyoming. It's doubtfull that the PCE would have taken off from western S.D., skirted the Black Hills and headed west to Gillette Wyoming. The countryside from the S.D. / WY state line is rugged, big,rolling hills. It would difficult to build a line there now. 100 years ago, it would have been darn near impossible. I-90, west of Sundance, WY has hills so steep as to be difficult for cars and trucks to climb! A railroad there then, or now would be unlikely.


According to my atlas, the Belle Fourche river and the original CNW line paralleled each other heading northwest to Colony, wherein the CNW ended and the Belle Fourche turns to the southwest into the PRB within 20 miles of Gillette. The ex -CB&Q (BNSF) line runs west/northwest through Moorcroft on to Gillette. Moorcroft is on the Belle Fourche. So it should have been relatively easy to run a rail line from just north of the Black Hills into the PRB near Gillette by simply following the Belle Fourche river. Then it could have easily paralleled the CB&Q on into the Billings MT area.

If the CNW line to Colony existed at the time of the Milwaukee PCE startup, and if Rockefeller had somehow managed to make the PCE a joint effort between Milwaukee and CNW, logic says they would have started the joint PCE from whichever railroad had the farthest westward extension already.

I do wonder whether such a line would have headed west/southwest into northern Wyoming, or whether it would have headed northwest into Montana and Miles City. The original alignment of U.S. Highway 212 at one time headed north/northwest into MIles City rather than it's current alignment heading due west to the Crow Reservation. I know that sometimes highway planners from the early 1900's used old railroad surveys (if not actually parallel to railroads) to plot the alignment of the original U.S. Highway system, and I wonder if the highway 212 planners had used a survey of a CNW line to Miles City as their basis for the original 212 alignment.
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Posted by Murphy Siding on Sunday, September 18, 2005 11:48 AM
Dave: You're correct on the geography, but you'd have to see how hilly yhe area is to understand. That might be part of the reason that CNW ended at Colony?

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Posted by Anonymous on Sunday, September 18, 2005 11:56 AM
Is the Belle Fourche southwest of Colony inaccessable to a water level grade? Is it in a steep twisting canyon, or something like that which would make it extremely difficult to build a rail line using early 1900's construction methods?
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Posted by Murphy Siding on Sunday, September 18, 2005 12:04 PM
I'll do some research on that. Also,consider that DM&E now has the line into Colony. I've never seen anything to suggest that DM&E thought it was an easy way into the PRB

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Posted by Anonymous on Sunday, September 18, 2005 12:23 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by Murphy Siding

I'll do some research on that. Also,consider that DM&E now has the line into Colony. I've never seen anything to suggest that DM&E thought it was an easy way into the PRB


Actually, I spoke with a guy named Anderson from DM&E a while back in an inquiry as to why DM&E chose to approach the PRB from the south (via a longer line in terms of all new construction) rather than approaching from the Colony area. He stated that indeed DM&E did analyze both routes, but decided on the southern route due to its proximity to higher quality PRB coal. A more northerly entrance (in addition to eventually tapping down into the southern PRB fields) would have also opened up the northern Wyoming and Montana PRB fields for easier development, but the coal there is of lower quality and has a higher sodium content. Since the southern PRB is their goal, the southern line is the most direct.

However, don't count out more RR construction into Montana's PRB just yet, as coal demand is exceeding expectations, and if national energy policy maintains it's preference for coal over the long run, even the Montana fields will have enough national value to justify such infrastructure expenditures.

So even though DM&E did seriously consider a Belle Fourche (I assume a northern DM&E route would have followed the Belle Fourche), that doesn't answer the question of whether CNW or a joint CNW/CM&StP line west of the South Dakota - Wyoming border would have gone that way or headed northwest toward Miles City.

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