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N&W Class J

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Posted by Overmod on Thursday, March 13, 2014 11:19 AM

One consideration with roller bearings is the type of lubrication -- oil or grease.  A principal issue Wardale reports for oil-lubricated (Timken) bearings is that there's leakage past the seals, which can eventually get to the driver treads.  Lube leakage from roller rods is, of course, well documented.  There's been some interest in applying AAR M-942-spec grease lubrication to rod bearings, and of course there's no reason it can't be adapted to driving boxes... with care.

There are solid-bearing alternatives to rollers on rods, mostly involving the sort of geometry used on the late UP 4-8-4s, and modern materials, especially hard coatings and better methods of tribology.  In some cases it may make sense to use these instead of new purpose-manufactured thin rollers at the necessary cost for small-volume production.  (It remains to be seen how much Timken will quote new bearing production... but it won't be long ;-} )   

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Posted by friend611 on Wednesday, March 12, 2014 7:57 PM
However, I will note one benefit of using roller bearings, and I'm certain you can name others. When the 611 was restored for excursion service in 1981-2, when her running gear was inspected, almost no wear was found, due to roller bearings. However, the bearings themselves were found to be in very good shape, barring only one or two with had minor damage. This is surprising considering the fact that 611 had sat outside for over 20 years.
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Posted by friend611 on Tuesday, March 11, 2014 3:56 AM
For the moment, I'd like to discuss the benefit of the use of roller bearings. Started on the N&W with the first A, 1200, then from the A's to the Y6's (which like the A's, were equipped with roller bearings on the axles of engine and tender.) Finally to the J's, which got the full roller bearing treatment, from wheel journals to valve gear to side rods. It is like if they found a place on the J's running gear to apply roller bearings, then they were used. And as we know, the last five A's (1238-1242) were equipped with roller bearing side rods.
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Posted by Firelock76 on Sunday, March 9, 2014 4:28 PM

Well of course 1218's coming back, or at least it will if that guy (who's name I won't mention) ranting and raving in the "611-4014" thread has anything to say about it.

Hey, he did everything else he said he was going to do.

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Posted by friend611 on Sunday, March 9, 2014 1:10 PM
A more viable option would be N&W Y6a 2156, even though I have heard it is difficult to get engines out of St.Louis. I do recall a recent report about 2156, but so far it has proved to be crossed wires and empty rumor. Very disappointing. As to 1218, I expect the move toward restoration to begin once 611 is "settled" in excursion service, which may be only a few months after she returns to operation, considering what time of the year she is fired up. And, I fully expect some of 611's earnings in excursion service to be used in the restoration of 1218.
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Posted by Overmod on Sunday, March 9, 2014 12:55 PM

Firelock76
Love to see one run again, but there's just two possibilities of that at this time, slim and none.

The weird thing is that the Allegheny is not THAT more 'extreme' than 1218 (which we will see run again), and really less overkill than the Big Boy.  It's just not compelling enough in any aspect to get the necessary funding in all the necessary ways, perticularly without an established tradition or support infrastructure.  I don't hesitate for a moment in noting that a CSX 'steam program' would be far better off commencing with 490, not a 1600 ... or by sticking a broken dish and some disco color on that Reading 4-8-4 that's been stranded in the Pacific Northwest... ;-}

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Posted by Firelock76 on Sunday, March 9, 2014 12:41 PM

Bit of a discussion going on in the "Allegheny"  thread concerning Lima fudgin' some numbers concerning an Allegheny's weight...

No matter.  The Allegheny was a great locomotive none the less, and Lima was a class act too!

Love to see one run again, but there's just two possibilities of that at this time, slim and none.

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Posted by Overmod on Sunday, March 9, 2014 12:01 PM

Firelock76
A tribute even came from one of the people at Lima Locomotive Works, no slouches themselves.  "Norfolk and Western?  There's nothing we can teach them about how to build steam locomotives!"

Perhaps an even higher tribute from Lima was the reported gloating and glee when the Allegheny "bested" the class A's test numbers -- with the Allegheny including far more fancy tecnnology, and incorporating the lessons learned during almost the entire Golden Age of evolution of large steam power after 1934...

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Posted by Firelock76 on Sunday, March 9, 2014 11:09 AM

You're absolutely right Lois, N&W's people were the best, and built the best.

A tribute even came from one of the people at Lima Locomotive Works, no slouches themselves.  "Norfolk and Western?  There's nothing we can teach them about how to build steam locomotives!"

High praise indeed!

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Posted by friend611 on Sunday, March 9, 2014 12:29 AM
Since there is such a good discussion here, I won't interrupt it. I have done very little research on the design of the J's, and yes, I wish there was more recorded on the subject. But there is something I do know. The N&W designers were at the top of their field, and they truly, as I have heard, the "scientists of steam". They designed some of the finest steam locomotives, and with these locomotives built by the skilled workers at Roanoke Shops and operated by skilled personnel, you have the finest locomotives designed, built and operated by the finest personnel. A plus all the way around, I might say.
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Posted by Firelock76 on Saturday, March 8, 2014 9:20 PM

Yeah Mr. Jim, Lois said the same thing.  Must be some HEAVY theorys out there.

I'd love to get yourself, Lois, and Lady Firestorm together in a closed room with some refreshments on hand and let you all let it rip.  It'd be fun to say the least.

By the way, a couple of years after 1994 I rode the C&O 614 excursions on New Jersey Transit and wore my "611- The Thoroughbred"  sweatshirt.  When people found out I'd ridden behind 611 I lost track of how many of them asked me "What happened?"  All I could say was "pick the story you like and stick with it, it'll be hard for anyone to say you're wrong."

I've got my own theory, but like you I won't discuss it here.

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Posted by BigJim on Saturday, March 8, 2014 7:55 PM

Firelock76

It strikes me that the inspiration for the J's steamlining comes from the New York Centrals Hudsons, as designed by Henry Dreyfuss, just rendered a bit more conservatively.

You are right in part. I should have also included that Mr. Noel did a drawing very much like the NYC Hudson, only stretched out to 4-8-4 form. This design was deemed "too fancy". 

BTW, tell Lady Firestorm that I have my reasons to agree with her theory, but, I will not discuss them here.

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Posted by K4sPRR on Saturday, March 8, 2014 4:05 PM

It probably went beyond the inspiration of the NYC Hudson, in the mid and late 1930's streamlining passenger trains and locomotives became the visual future of passenger trains.  Many streamlined passenger trains were brought to the forefront during that time in the US, including eastern roads PRR and B&O, the N&W had to keep pace.   In the book Steam Passenger Locomotives by Brian Hollingworth, he noted that in 1940 the N&W felt it should have a locomotive better than the standard USRA design, of which the N&W passenger trains relied on.  He further explained they wanted a design to help minimize the cost of maintenance and time required for servicing. 

Eventually when other railroads were converting to the clean look of diesels, the N&W continued with their steam program showing a clean and fresh look could still be acheived.  They did, in a fine looker and "well oiled" piece of machinery.  

I particularly enjoy reading Lois's excitment and enthusiasm over the 611, I know she won't be disappointed when the project is complete...remember Lois, take a deep breath and enjoy the moment.  It's gunna be great!     

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Posted by Firelock76 on Saturday, March 8, 2014 2:45 PM

It strikes me that the inspiration for the J's steamlining comes from the New York Centrals Hudsons, as designed by Henry Dreyfuss, just rendered a bit more conservatively.

No matter, it's a work of genius.  Lady Firestorm, lover of all things Art Deco always refers to 611 as "My engine!", hence her fury at Norfolk-Southern back in 1994 when the steam program was cancelled.

As a matter of fact when the programs cancelleation was reported in the local paper she let out an audible gasp I could hear from two rooms away.  I thought somebody died!

And Big Jim you're right, it is a shame no-one thought to write down the thoughts and processes that lead to the Class J's streamlining.  But back during the Revolution no-one thought to write down the processes and discussions that lead to the design of the American flag, to the consternation of flag historians from that day to this.  Sometimes people just don't think of these things.

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Posted by BigJim on Saturday, March 8, 2014 9:05 AM

Amazing what information is there in front of you if you only open a book!

After posing this question late last night, this morning, I went back through my books (N&W Giant of Steam "Revised Edition", * to be specific) to find that actually Mark W. Faville made the first drawing submitted to the design team. This drawing needed some touching up which was done by Frank C. Noel. The drawing favors the SP's GS class of 4-8-4's which predate the ATSF 3460 by about a year. This design was rejected as being not fancy enough.

Mr. Noel became more interested in the project and his subsequent drawings evolved into what we now know as one of the most beautiful streamlined passenger locomotives ever built.

So, we now have two other locomotives that have similar design traits that could very well have influenced the design of the J's form (which includes the locomotive & tender styling) over function.

It is too bad that no one sat down and discussed the thought process of the J's design with Mr. Noel and put it down in writing. Here again, I wish my father, who hammered out the J's sheetmetal, was still around to ask what he knew about the evolution of the J's design and if any problems popped up while the streamlining was being formed. 

* Mark W. Faville was not credited with the first sketch of the J in the original "N&W Giant of Steam" book. This was brought to light in the revised edition of the book.

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Posted by friend611 on Friday, March 7, 2014 10:29 PM
I don't think so. From what I have read of the design of the J, the man responsible for the design (Frank C.Noel) seemed to work alone, without any outside influences, except N&W management who approved or rejected his work. But it is possible that he may have seen pictures of other streamlined steam locomotives and he may have indirectly been given ideas.
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Posted by BigJim on Friday, March 7, 2014 10:22 PM

Lois,
Given that the Santa Fe's "Blue Goose" # 3460 was delivered in Jan.,1938, do you think that its overall profile in any way influenced the design of the N&W's Class J? 

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Posted by friend611 on Thursday, March 6, 2014 7:44 PM
But 611's speed capabilities are not well documented, as there is no confirmed record of how fast she ran. The July 1959 trip from Petersburg to Norfolk (where she had been estimated to have run at 100 mph) the estimated speed is in doubt. There is a pacing video of this trip on Pocahontas Glory Vol. 5, and I wish I could have been able to read the car's speedometer.
However, such high speeds were attainable by the modern design of the J, which included the use of roller bearings on the running gear as well as the tender wheel bearings. The use of roller bearing rods are notable as the rods were handled differently than the usual carbon steel rods used on N&W steam. With extensive mechanical lubrication as well as the advanced steam servicing facilities, this allowed the J's to have quick turnaround between assignments as well as allowing them to attain such high speeds in operation.
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Posted by friend611 on Wednesday, March 5, 2014 5:33 PM
Of course a lot of collisions seemed to happen back then. I understand it had something to with some grade crossings not being marked, but it really had to do with people not taking the time to look out for a train. For example, the incident when 611 hit a bread truck in Crum, WV, the truck had stopped for another train, but then drove out into the path of 611. I suspect the truck was destroyed, can't say much for the bread. Of course her woes wasn't over then, a few days later, she hit a tractor-trailer in Ohio and put a dent in her nose, as well as tearing up her front steps. The trailer was heavily damaged. Same cause: vehicle stops to let another train pass, then drives out in front of her. I would have thought people then would have heard the J was a powerful and fast locomotive and knew to stay out of the way. Apparently not.
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Posted by Firelock76 on Tuesday, March 4, 2014 8:31 PM

Hi Lois!  Yes, it's enough to make you stop and think of how many lives have been saved and accidents prevented simply by the use of radio on the railroads.

Reminds me of when I read in one of my vintage railbooks about the Erie adopting radio not long after the end of World War Two.  A veteran trainman was asked what he though about it and all he said was "I don't know how we ever got along without it!"

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Posted by friend611 on Tuesday, March 4, 2014 6:41 PM
However, collisions have no real effect on the operating abilities of the J's. The only exception may be when 613 rear-ended a freight train, but I believe the freight was having issues, and without radio contact with the crews in those days, was unable to stop 613 in time. The photo I have seen of this accident shows one example of the power of the J at speed, with the front end of 613 up in the air and the caboose thrown up over the rear of the freight. It is a miracle the rear end crew survived.
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Posted by friend611 on Sunday, March 2, 2014 7:41 PM
As regarding the N&W enginemen, it is understood that you did not mean all of them hot-rodded the J's. As to the Lynchburg collision, my husband (who worked as a part of the program and ran 611 and 1218) had a opinion of the matter as well. But I will not go into those opinions in detail, regarding who might read them and the present attitude of NS toward steam.
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Posted by Firelock76 on Sunday, March 2, 2014 6:56 PM

Oh good Lord no, I had NO intention of saying all N&W enginemen were hot-rodding Class J's, far from it.  I'm sure a vast majority were mature men who took their responsibilities seriously.

The trouble is, it only takes one to cause a disaster.  Look at that Metro-North engineer in New York who put his train on the ground at Spuyten Duyvil because he fell asleep or was zoned out, no-one seems to know for certain.

You know, I've sat in 611's cab and looked down that long black snoot, and I can't imagine the nerve it took to drive that BIG piece of machinery 50, 60, 70 miles an hour or more.  I don't think I'd run it any faster than a walk, given the chance.  I am oh so chicken...

The 1994 Lynchburg collision!  Lady Firestorm swears to this day it was deliberate sabotage to cause the cancellation of the steam program.  She hasn't forgotten and she won't forgive! 

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Posted by friend611 on Sunday, March 2, 2014 4:21 PM
However, the relatively few wrecks compared to the operating time of the J's in regular service (from 1941 to 1959) shows that most of the time, the crews obeyed the rules and there was careful handling and respect for the J's speed and power that prevented derailments. Regarding collisions, there seem to be not any more than would occur with any other locomotive, though I presently only have information for incidents involving 611 on the Scioto Division. I presently do not have any information of any collisions during 611's excursion career. As to derailments, she did have a problem in Norfolk after her first excursion in 1982, but that was due to the curves being made too tight at Lambert's Point on the approach tracks and turntable lead after the end of steam. There was the wreck in the Great Dismal Swamp in 1986, but the locomotive was not affected. This resulted in the retirement (and a few badly damaged cars scrapped) of Southern heavyweights which had separated and turned over. Finally, there was the collision in Lynchburg in 1994, but the locomotive was not connected to the train and so was not involved.
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Posted by friend611 on Friday, February 28, 2014 5:27 PM
Actually, I have been thinking about that when studying these wrecks. As I have heard, the operating rules are "written in blood" and I tend to think of pushing the speed limit on a certain division or less than consideration for the rules for some reason. With these wrecks, quite a few enginemen lost their lives, and this "yielding to temptation" would have resulted in fatal error, not including what it would have meant for the fireman, train crew and passengers.
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Posted by Firelock76 on Friday, February 28, 2014 3:44 PM

I may be opening a BIG can of worms here, but I have to wonder how many of the wrecks involving Class J's were due to simple human error.  I mean, riding a hot-rod like a J it must have been VERY tempting to push it a bit faster than the situation called for, and then wind up in an "OH $#!)" situation when those who were running them realised a little too late they were doing something they shouldn't be doing.

Of course, there's always the possibility of someone other than the head-end crew making the mistake  that lead to disaster, can't discount that either.

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Posted by friend611 on Friday, February 28, 2014 12:39 PM
I have not heard of this particular wreck. I do know that J class 613 ran into the rear of a freight train, but she did not turn over.
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Posted by blue streak 1 on Friday, February 28, 2014 9:53 AM

A  "J" pulling a south bound Tennessean turned over about 5 miles north of Bristol.  This was a fairly straight location.  The J hit either a local freight or the Va.  Creeper that was fouling the main at a location near a dairy plant.  

Deggestry ?

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Posted by friend611 on Wednesday, February 26, 2014 9:40 PM
I do know, with the two wrecks that occurred on the Pocahontas Division (the 604 wreck in 1946 and the 611 wreck in 1956) the wrecks occurred on sharp curves. These curves, along with bridges and tunnels, were part of the normal profile of the Pocahontas Division, which then had a maximum speed limit of 50 mph. The J had a calculated overturning speed of 53.6 mph (according to the ICC report of the 1956 wreck) on a 13-degree curve like that at Cedar, WV. I am not familiar with the data on the curve in the 1946 wreck, but expect it to have a similar restriction.
The wreck in Ohio occurred under different circumstances. The train was being directed around another train but was traveling too fast to navigate the switch safely. The track on the N&W mainline (as I have seen on Google Maps) in this area is mostly straight, with an easier profile than that on the Pocahontas Division. High speed operation would be expected here, but would be completely out of character in West Virginia. The engineer on this particular wreck survived, and I am sure he would have had some questions thrown at him. The fireman, unfortunately, did not. He jumped, but the tender turned over on him.
As for the fourth wreck, I am still collecting data. What information I have at this point the engine was swaying before it turned over. Both engineer and fireman survived, and walked away from the wreck.
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Posted by Overmod on Wednesday, February 26, 2014 9:02 PM

friend611
These wrecks nearly or all being from one cause and all with the same result- the locomotive turning over. What do you think might be the issue here?

This is not terribly unusual.  Look where the center of mass of the locomotive is, and then look at the offset to the outside rail in a curve.  The locomotive can easily tip enough by the time it derails to continue going over.  When there are no rails to hold it up, equilibrium concerns alone will have the locomotive tend to roll... and this of course will be exacerbated by high speed.  All the kinetic-energy moments increase as the square of the speed, not just the momentum that has to be counteracted by braking.  And once all that mass gets rolling on the axis of its center of mass, the inertia will make it slow to stop.

I would defer to someone like BigJim on whether the N&W had a greater danger of relatively sharp curves at the end of its high-speed stretches, so that the effects of a little confusion or forgetfulness would be dramatically greater than a higher-speed railroad.  Something else potentially contributory is the stiff and relatively long effective wheelbase (due in no small part to the stiff lateral that was part of the high-speed balancing scheme).  This might facilitate 'popping' the lead or perhaps trailing truck over the railhead into derailment, after which drag and run-in would rather quickly induce a roll down the ballast prism and then embankment...

The 'pattern' you see, I think, is too high a speed for the curve, quite possibly compounded by the engineman closing the throttle too quickly with the run-in from the train giving a good launch.  See the NYC Little Falls wreck for an illustration of the forces involved.

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