Trains.com

Freight train vs truck

6268 views
31 replies
1 rating 2 rating 3 rating 4 rating 5 rating
  • Member since
    December 2001
  • From: Northern New York
  • 25,020 posts
Posted by tree68 on Saturday, July 22, 2023 8:59 PM

CSSHEGEWISCH

Tracking may be well nigh impossible if the container is being shipped under a "Freight All Kinds" classification.

Exactly.

LarryWhistling
Resident Microferroequinologist (at least at my house) 
Everyone goes home; Safety begins with you
My Opinion. Standard Disclaimers Apply. No Expiration Date
Come ride the rails with me!
There's one thing about humility - the moment you think you've got it, you've lost it...

  • Member since
    March 2016
  • From: Burbank IL (near Clearing)
  • 13,540 posts
Posted by CSSHEGEWISCH on Saturday, July 22, 2023 9:59 AM

Tracking may be well nigh impossible if the container is being shipped under a "Freight All Kinds" classification.

The daily commute is part of everyday life but I get two rides a day out of it. Paul
  • Member since
    December 2001
  • From: Northern New York
  • 25,020 posts
Posted by tree68 on Friday, July 21, 2023 2:13 PM

Ulrich
you order a new couch from Leons for delivery to your home for example..

But a good many items of that sort do get carried at some point by rail. Your new TV likely travelled in a container to a warehouse, where the TVs were broken down into regional destinations, etc, to which they travelled by truck.  

But, yes, the markets are different for probably most cargoes.  The problem is identifying what those cargoes are.  TVs are a case in point.  There may only be a couple of containers on a 200 can train that are loaded with TVs.  They're still travelling by rail, but as a commodity, they would be hard to track. 

 

LarryWhistling
Resident Microferroequinologist (at least at my house) 
Everyone goes home; Safety begins with you
My Opinion. Standard Disclaimers Apply. No Expiration Date
Come ride the rails with me!
There's one thing about humility - the moment you think you've got it, you've lost it...

  • Member since
    February 2005
  • 2,366 posts
Posted by timz on Friday, July 21, 2023 2:00 PM

Sure -- no point in comparing the fuel efficiencies of a coal train and a FedEx delivery van. So we won't try to do that. But the carriage of identical containers between the same two points, by rail and by truck, would be a useful comparison. (Anyway, it's the one the original questioner asked about.)

  • Member since
    February 2003
  • From: Guelph, Ontario
  • 4,819 posts
Posted by Ulrich on Friday, July 21, 2023 1:44 PM

timz

 

 
Ulrich
The two modes, truck and rail, really only intersect on about 10% of all freight. Thus a fuel efficiency comparison between the two is for the most part meaningless.

 

Apparently your definition of "meaningless" is different from the usual.

 

Sounds like you're saying 90% of all freight always goes by truck, or always goes by rail. Or something like that. Who cares what's in each container? The very meaningful question is: given 300 containers, each weighing 25 tons, to be moved from LA to Chicago, how much fuel would 300 trucks burn, and how much fuel would a train carrying the same containers burn?

 

I'm saying that truck and rail freight really only overlaps on about 10% of the overall freight market. Alot of freight cannot go by truck... coal.. iron ore.. crude oil etc.. and conversely, alot of freight cannot go by rail.. you order a new couch from Leons for delivery to your home for example.. that's not going rail. The overlap.. where freight is equally amenable to truck or rail is about 10% of the total freight market. That's why  truck to rail fuel efficiency comparisons are for the most part a nice theoretical exercise with almost no practical value... fun stuff for engineers to contemplate. 

  • Member since
    February 2005
  • 2,366 posts
Posted by timz on Friday, July 21, 2023 11:20 AM

Ulrich
The two modes, truck and rail, really only intersect on about 10% of all freight. Thus a fuel efficiency comparison between the two is for the most part meaningless.

Apparently your definition of "meaningless" is different from the usual.

Sounds like you're saying 90% of all freight always goes by truck, or always goes by rail. Or something like that. Who cares what's in each container? The very meaningful question is: given 300 containers, each weighing 25 tons, to be moved from LA to Chicago, how much fuel would 300 trucks burn, and how much fuel would a train carrying the same containers burn?

  • Member since
    July 2014
  • 82 posts
Posted by Ajsik on Thursday, July 20, 2023 8:04 PM

BaltACD

 

 
tree68
CSX touts 520 ton miles per gallon overall.  For trucks, several sources I found cite around 160 ton miles per gallon.  So a factor of ~3.5 would be a decent starting point.

That's for a box van semi.  Auto haulers get atrocious mileage.

 

CSX is calculating that figure from all the fuel they buy and all the freight they bill

 

If I remember correctly, the claim was 'CSX: moving a ton of freight 520 miles on a gallon of fuel.' I always took it as a carefully worded way of saying: 'Once we figure out how many gallons it takes to move an empty train 520 miles, we can add a ton of freight and get it there for only a gallon more'.

Based on the reply from Balt, it seems I'm wrong, but it would definitely make it a different comparison.

  • Member since
    February 2003
  • From: Guelph, Ontario
  • 4,819 posts
Posted by Ulrich on Thursday, July 20, 2023 7:00 PM

The two modes, truck and rail, really only intersect on about 10% of all freight. Thus a fuel efficiency comparison between the two is for the most part meaningless. For example, if you need a fridge delivered to your home is it meaningful to know that the flanged wheel is more efficient than rubber on asphalt? Of course not. Now extrapolate that to most freight, and bingo, that's why nobody really cares about fuel efficiency comparisons. Rail isn't an option for most freight..thus rail efficiency, however wonderful it may be, is irrelevant i.e. meaningless. 

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Thursday, July 20, 2023 11:17 AM

In my opinion, it's ridiculous to think that you can't compare efficiency of two modes of freight transportation in the same lane with a simple-in-principle comparison of cost per ton-mile.

The complexity starts to come in if you average the cost per mile to account for things like grade, wind, congestion etc, that affect one mode differently from another, but those are reasonably readily determined or approximated.  The trouble comes when you have advocates for a particular mode who start fudging the assumptions or data to get what they want to see, or want others to believe or agree to.

  • Member since
    February 2005
  • 2,366 posts
Posted by timz on Wednesday, July 19, 2023 12:52 PM

Ulrich
Rail verses truck fuel efficiency is a meaningless comparison.

Might be hard to make the comparison, but it's not meaningless, of course. How much fuel used by a truck pulling a container LA to Chicago, versus how much by a train carrying 300 of the same containers? 300 times as much, or 200, or 100, or what? (Not more than 300, we hope.)

  • Member since
    March 2011
  • 188 posts
Posted by dpeltier on Tuesday, July 18, 2023 11:52 PM

charlie hebdo

 

 
Overmod
improvements in proper... wheel grinding maintenance

 

If you listen to trains, even intermodal container trains along the UP mainline, you will easily and frequently hear considerable evidence of an appalling lack of the above maintenance. 

Deferred maintenance redux, ala Penn Central days?

Nope. Wheel replacement is an AAR-billable repair. Unless that car is owned by the railroad that you saw it on, there is zero economic incentive for the RR to leave a condemnable wheel defect in place instead of replacing it and sending a bill to the owner. But conversely if the defect is not condemnable, they are not going to spend their money to fix someone else's car. This is how it has been since AAR interchange rules were established a Long Time Ago.

When the Wheel Impact Load Detectors (WILD) network got built out 15-20 years ago,  car owners gained the ability to repair trending wheels prior to condemnable flat spots if they wish to. The advantage to that is they can get the work done in home or contract repair shops at less-than-AAR rates. But the WILDs mostly only catch flat spots, not hollow wheels, thin flanges, or other defects.

Dan

 

  • Member since
    February 2003
  • From: Guelph, Ontario
  • 4,819 posts
Posted by Ulrich on Monday, July 17, 2023 4:20 PM

Rail verses truck fuel efficiency is a meaningless comparison. We may as well ask which is more efficient.. a power drill or a rice cooker. Not being a power engineer, I would go with the rice cooker if its a rice dinner I'm after. And I would go with the power drill if I needed a hole in a wall (I guess throwing the rice cooker against the wall would work too if you're not fussy about the size of the hole). But the point is that any tool's efficiency is always closely correlated to the job at hand. 

  • Member since
    September 2017
  • 5,636 posts
Posted by charlie hebdo on Monday, July 17, 2023 1:11 PM

Overmod
improvements in proper... wheel grinding maintenance

If you listen to trains, even intermodal container trains along the UP mainline, you will easily and frequently hear considerable evidence of an appalling lack of the above maintenance. 

Deferred maintenance redux, ala Penn Central days?

  • Member since
    May 2003
  • From: US
  • 25,292 posts
Posted by BaltACD on Monday, July 17, 2023 1:06 PM

tree68
CSX touts 520 ton miles per gallon overall.  For trucks, several sources I found cite around 160 ton miles per gallon.  So a factor of ~3.5 would be a decent starting point.

That's for a box van semi.  Auto haulers get atrocious mileage.

CSX is calculating that figure from all the fuel they buy and all the freight they bill

Never too old to have a happy childhood!

              

  • Member since
    December 2001
  • From: Northern New York
  • 25,020 posts
Posted by tree68 on Monday, July 17, 2023 12:58 PM

CSX touts 520 ton miles per gallon overall.  For trucks, several sources I found cite around 160 ton miles per gallon.  So a factor of ~3.5 would be a decent starting point.

That's for a box van semi.  Auto haulers get atrocious mileage.

LarryWhistling
Resident Microferroequinologist (at least at my house) 
Everyone goes home; Safety begins with you
My Opinion. Standard Disclaimers Apply. No Expiration Date
Come ride the rails with me!
There's one thing about humility - the moment you think you've got it, you've lost it...

  • Member since
    February 2005
  • 2,366 posts
Posted by timz on Monday, July 17, 2023 12:38 PM

Perry Babin
I'll take it that only 4x is total garbage and leave it at that.

It's not total garbage. If it were possible to compare total train ton-miles performed in the US with total truck ton-miles, maybe the trains would burn a quarter of the fuel the trucks did, per ton-mile. Probably someone tried to do some such calculation, but it included all rail ton-miles, not just intermodal.

Yeah, it would be interesting to know how many gallons a stack train burns between LA and Chicago, and how many gallons trucks would burn pulling the same containers. Maybe twice as much?

  • Member since
    July 2016
  • 2,631 posts
Posted by Backshop on Sunday, July 16, 2023 2:31 PM

Overmod

 Hopefully one of our Caterpillar mavens will have a similar 'state-of-the-art' reference from the yellow side. 

Caterpillar hasn't made truck engines since 2010.

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Sunday, July 16, 2023 2:30 PM

Ulrich
If you make your living dragging heavy loads of  lumber and steel through the mountains of WV then you're likely not going to get anywhere close to that number. 

You don't even need to go so far.  In a world that tolerates fuel surcharges, would you pay All That Money Extra for the Cummins 55%-BTE engine as described to save a couple of ideal-world MPG over something you could buy in the used market to do the same job?

(Not to mention the fun when some of the 'heat conserving' features on the amazing wonder engine turn out to have "issues" in the field.  Note for example the precise methods Cummins would be using to drain condensate in the EGR system, and where the EGR valve itself is placed...)

Much more significant would be the introduction of what corresponds to 'dual-mode-lite' for trucks: short-term electric boost on critical grades, true regenerative braking, downsized peak-power and hence engine displacement and physical weight and dimensions...

  • Member since
    February 2003
  • From: Guelph, Ontario
  • 4,819 posts
Posted by Ulrich on Sunday, July 16, 2023 2:25 PM

Overmod

 

 
greyhounds
What make and model of over the road tractor gets 12.5 MPG running at 80,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight?  What engine are they using?

 

Note I said 'capable of' -- the examples I saw were experimental configurations and not 'production' tractors or chassis.

 

As noted above, much of that is through very careful, very diligent, very accurate control of throttle and transmission, and of course correct true aero.  To a certain extent it would reflect predictive control (e.g. from GPS/GIS on the Carnegie Mellon model, which should have been widespread by now but the opportunity was missed by AAR.  But I digress).

One example of engine that would give you an entry point to a 'best-practices' engine design would be one incorporating the features that Kocher (of Cummins) described in the OSTI "55% BTE" paper from 2018.  Hopefully one of our Caterpillar mavens will have a similar 'state-of-the-art' reference from the yellow side.

 

 

Absolutely possible. But here again results will vary based on real world applications and conditions. If you make your living dragging heavy loads of  lumber and steel through the mountains of WV then you're likely not going to get anywhere close to that number. 

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Sunday, July 16, 2023 2:21 PM

greyhounds
What make and model of over the road tractor gets 12.5 MPG running at 80,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight?  What engine are they using?

Note I said 'capable of' -- the examples I saw were experimental configurations and not 'production' tractors or chassis.

As noted above, much of that is through very careful, very diligent, very accurate control of throttle and transmission, and of course correct true aero.  To a certain extent it would reflect predictive control (e.g. from GPS/GIS on the Carnegie Mellon model, which should have been widespread by now but the opportunity was missed by AAR.  But I digress).

One example of engine that would give you an entry point to a 'best-practices' engine design would be one incorporating the features that Kocher (of Cummins) described in the OSTI "55% BTE" paper from 2018.  Hopefully one of our Caterpillar mavens will have a similar 'state-of-the-art' reference from the yellow side.

  • Member since
    July 2016
  • 2,631 posts
Posted by Backshop on Sunday, July 16, 2023 10:40 AM

Ulrich

We average 6.5 mpg pulling flatbed mostly..

 

I got my figures mainly from ET Transport, which is up in your area, in Concord.

  • Member since
    February 2003
  • From: Guelph, Ontario
  • 4,819 posts
Posted by Ulrich on Sunday, July 16, 2023 10:34 AM

We average 6.5 mpg pulling flatbed mostly..

  • Member since
    July 2016
  • 2,631 posts
Posted by Backshop on Sunday, July 16, 2023 7:21 AM

It's more like 8-9mpg.  I've seen accounts of Freightliner Cascadias with the DD15 engine with an automated transmission using the cruise control for acceleration and cruising can do it.

  • Member since
    August 2003
  • From: Antioch, IL
  • 4,371 posts
Posted by greyhounds on Saturday, July 15, 2023 11:54 PM

Overmod
A fully modern Class 8 OTR truck is capable of getting upward of 12.5mpg average over a large percentage of many routes, loaded (to about 40T - those in the industry can flesh out with much better numbers than I have). 

What make and model of over the road tractor gets 12.5 MPG running at 80,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight?  What engine are they using?

"By many measures, the U.S. freight rail system is the safest, most efficient and cost effective in the world." - Federal Railroad Administration, October, 2009. I'm just your average, everyday, uncivilized howling "anti-government" critic of mass government expenditures for "High Speed Rail" in the US. And I'm gosh darn proud of that.
  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Saturday, July 15, 2023 6:18 PM

Keep in mind also that the use of any of the containers 40' or larger will only imperfectly replace local or last-mile trucking.  Their 'fuel' advantage in between distribution points like Rotterdam, NY, or perhaps organized cross dock facilities as in Cedar Rapids or organized lanes from intermodal facilities to truck-line warehouses.  The 'competitive' truck technology is therefore more limited than just something with rubber tires at pavement-busting pressure vs. steel-on-steel flanged wheels.

  • Member since
    February 2003
  • From: Guelph, Ontario
  • 4,819 posts
Posted by Ulrich on Saturday, July 15, 2023 1:48 PM

it's an apples to oranges comparison..efficiency is determined largely by the job at hand..i.e. if you're in the business of delivering home appliances to people's homes then certainly the basic 24 ft box delivery truck is most efficient. If, on the other hand, you're moving millions of tons of coal then obviously rail is the way to go. Sure, the flanged wheel on guided rail is far more efficient than rubber on tarmac, but that's only one criterion that factors in to overall efficiency. 

  • Member since
    March 2023
  • 168 posts
Posted by Perry Babin on Saturday, July 15, 2023 1:41 PM

Gotcha! It's not something that could be answered in any reasonable amount of time (for my curiosity level). I'll take it that only 4x is total garbage and leave it at that. 

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Saturday, July 15, 2023 1:31 PM

Perry Babin
Part of the problem is me not knowing what is and what isn't reliable

One problem about this is that, on the 'net of a million lies', the only way to ensure 'reliability' is to look at a range of sources with common-sense appraisal and understanding of the underlying issues as well as the technology.  Keeping in mind that there may, indeed, be a conspiracy approaching grand proportions that is pushing a particular 'revealed wisdom view -- like the issues with the PRR T1 locomotive detail design.  You have to decide for yourself what you will, and won't, believe trustworthy -- and even then, if you trust, verify.

  • Member since
    March 2023
  • 168 posts
Posted by Perry Babin on Saturday, July 15, 2023 1:27 PM

Part of the problem is me not knowing what is and what isn't reliable, hence the post here. 

One example:

https://www.freightera.com/blog/train-vs-truck-transportation-efficiency-cost-advantages-disadvantages-infographic/

Page 10, item#8:

https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/fra_net/16332/1991_RAIL%20VS%20TRUCK%20FUEL%20EFFICIENCY%20-%20THE%20RELATIVE%20F%282%29.PDF

I realize that there are MANY variables so general information would be appreciated. 

Join our Community!

Our community is FREE to join. To participate you must either login or register for an account.

Search the Community

Newsletter Sign-Up

By signing up you may also receive occasional reader surveys and special offers from Trains magazine.Please view our privacy policy