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Stimulus and high speed rail?

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:17 PM

I'd love to see the details on the various corridors.

Chicago - Saint Louis ($445M):  This corridor would take less than $300M for 110 mph service infrastructure improvements over 70% of the the corridor.  Tilt equipment would eliminate the need for curve easement or speed recovery from restrictions.

Chicago - Cleveland ($1,187M):   I cannot fathom the high cost for this corridor.  This works out to $3.4M a mile, including the Toledo - Cleveland stretch.  Would this include a new additional track along side the existing NS tracks between Fort Wayne and Cleveland?  Not be much curve easement would be needed.  The map indicates that the former Wabash alignment would be used; but this line was abandonned.

Limited service from Chicago could be extended to Pittsburgh and Buffalo from Chicago.  110 mph would be practical for most of the route to Buffalo while speed restrictions for frequent curvature could be reduced with tilt trains on the existing line to Pittsburgh.

A Fort Wayne - Columbus branch offers the most direct route to this major market from Chicago.  A high speed connection would be needed west and south of Upper Sandusky for a 110 mph route.  This aids a secondary route to Pittsburgh as well, serving Mansfield, Canton, and other cities in route.

Detroit - Pittsburgh, Detroit - Columbus, and Detroit - Dayton - Cincinati services should be added.  This would provide missing connections for the "3-C" Cleveland - Columbus - Cincinnati corridor that is not included in the network for reasons unknown by me.  

Chicago - Detroit ($873M incl Grand Rapids & Port Huron):  From Kalamazoo eastward, 90 mph would be the practical limit with tilt equipment without extensive and costly curve easement.  The only 110 mph potential would be Indiana Harbor (East Chicago, IN) - Kalamazoo, MI with few intermediate restrictions.

Chicago - Cincinnati ($606M):  The more appropriate primary corridor to Lexington, KY would seem to be by way of Louisville rather than through Cincinnati.  More utilization of the Chicago - Indianapolis segment would be possible with the branch to Louisville that could seve a number of small intermediate cities.  A Louisville branch would facilitate a round trip to Nashville, TN as well.

While restoring the Big Four Indianapolis - Cincinnati line may achieve faster overall time, it is the most costly and misses better on-line traffic potential.  Tilt trains would minimize the time lost for a stretch of restrictive curvature on the existing Cardinal route; but Hamilton and Miami University in Oxford would generate additional ridership.  I don't think the speed matters as much as the additional markets.

An Indianapolis - Terre Haute - Evansville branch also seems feasible and offers the possibility of limited extended service to Memphis.

Chicago - Carbondale ($232M):  This line could be upgraded for 110 mph for about the same amount of money as for 90 mph.  Curve easement is not an issue.  Improving the speed would better facilitate a Chicago - Memphis round trip. 

Other possibilities would be for a branch to Paducah, KY and Memphis using either the Edgewood Cutoff or the longer BNSF route from Centralia via Marion,IL.

A branch from Centralia to Saint Louis would offer service from Eastern Illinois.

Chicago - Twin Cities ($1,638M incl Green Bay):  The plan fails to include a more populous route through Rochester, MN by way of the MDW and UP between Winona and Saint Paul.  If it's about the river line being more direct, what about the detour for Madison?  As it is, sustained 110 mph service along the proposed route cannot be realized without tilt trains or extensive costly curve easement for much of the route.  The average speed for the route through Rochester could be improved to allow more sustained 80-90 mph running with tilt equipment.  Upgrading the Rochester route would facilitate a possible Twin Cities - Des Moines - Kansas City train; however, there is little population south of Des Moines.

Limited corridor services also should be exended to Moorehead, MN or Grand Forks, ND, and to Duluth, MN.

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:30 PM

Your negativity, like my pessimism, seems as well-founded on long experience seeing projects of all kinds.  Chicago has had more than a fair share of monumental cost overruns, most lately Millennium Park and the Loop Airport Terminal.  So far, $150-200M of transit money has been spent on an office tower around and above the Loop Airport Terminal; but there is no tunnel connection between CTA lines, or maybe even the 1-block tunnel, much less tracks and signals.

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Posted by al-in-chgo on Thursday, February 26, 2009 7:21 PM

HarveyK400

Your negativity, like my pessimism, seems as well-founded on long experience seeing projects of all kinds.  Chicago has had more than a fair share of monumental cost overruns, most lately Millennium Park and the Loop Airport Terminal.  So far, $150-200M of transit money has been spent on an office tower around and above the Loop Airport Terminal; but there is no tunnel connection between CTA lines, or maybe even the 1-block tunnel, much less tracks and signals.

 

 

For that matter, whatever happened to Chicago's infamous Crosstown Fund that was suppposedly left over after a new experessway paralleling Cicero Avenue never got built?  Seems in the Nineties it was turning up occasionally (bad penny, anyone?) only to vanish from practical application in times of these drearily similar budget "crises" at CTA. 

 

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Posted by oltmannd on Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM

HarveyK400
Chicago - Cleveland ($1,187M):   I cannot fathom the high cost for this corridor.  This works out to $3.4M a mile, including the Toledo - Cleveland stretch.  Would this include a new additional track along side the existing NS tracks between Fort Wayne and Cleveland?  Not be much curve easement would be needed.  The map indicates that the former Wabash alignment would be used; but this line was abandonned.

Could it be that the cost includes aquiring the ROW in this case (rather than being a tenant)?

It would be quite a bit cheaper to us the NS Chicago Line and just plop down a third track, but that means you trade Fort Wayne for Elkhart and likely lose the bulk of the Columbus - Chicago traffic.

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Posted by Dakguy201 on Friday, February 27, 2009 6:33 AM

"HSR" means different things to different people.  Harvey K was using it to mean top speeds in the 110 mph range in the Midwest corridors in the above posting.  In the NE corridor, they use it to mean the 150 that the Acelas reach for a short portion of their run.  California seems to be referring to something over 200 for the LA/Bay area run.  We end up using the same words to describe a large variety of situations.

For most corridors I suspect improvements that get the average speed into the high two digits is the realisitic goal, and even then I'm not convinced that it can be done on tracks shared with the freights.

   

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Posted by passengerfan on Friday, February 27, 2009 7:07 AM

Dakguy201

"HSR" means different things to different people.  Harvey K was using it to mean top speeds in the 110 mph range in the Midwest corridors in the above posting.  In the NE corridor, they use it to mean the 150 that the Acelas reach for a short portion of their run.  California seems to be referring to something over 200 for the LA/Bay area run.  We end up using the same words to describe a large variety of situations.

For most corridors I suspect improvements that get the average speed into the high two digits is the realisitic goal, and even then I'm not convinced that it can be done on tracks shared with the freights.

   

California's HSR system is designed to operate on its own Right of Way grade separated from any other traffic. Under the guise of expanding the San Francisco - San Jose Caltrans commuter rail system the state has been quietly acquiring the additional ROW necessary for the HSR between those two points. It will parallel Caltrans between San Francisco and San Jose with two tracks of its own. The major expenditures along that route will be fror grade separation. It is my understanding there will be a HSR Station at San Francisco, SFO and San Jose with Caltrans operating as a feeder for intermediate stations. Much of the land where the HSR crosses Pacheco Pass and Tehachapi is already state land. Not all trains will make all stops after San Jose in fact it is my understanding after Leaving San Jose there will be express HSR trains that will make no further stops until reaching LA and then on to Anahiem. I still feel that for the trackage and station at Anahiem Disney should pony up the money as he is the definite beneficiary.  California HSR regional trains will stop at some Valley stations but not all. The San Joaquins will continue to operate as feeders to the HSR system up and down the valley. These same regionals will make a stop at Palmdale before becoming express schedules for the balance of the trip to LA.  

When and if the extension from Merced to Sacramento gets built they will also have express trains that run from Sacramento to Stockton then onto LA. Other regional trains on the valley run will stop at Merced Fresno and Bakersfield with any intermediate traffic again being handled by the San Joaquins.

As I mentioned a couple of weeks ago the ROW was originally estimated to cost 16 Billion. There have been several reports in recent days in the area newpapers that the costs for acquiring the necessary ROW now are at 8 Billion.

I for one believe that much of the Presidents Stimulus RR billions will find its way to California with speaker of the house Nancy Pelosi putting on a little pressure.

My understanding now is that one of the biggest stumbling blocks to the California HSR is going to be a shortage of electrical power for the HSR operation. This has not been fully addressed yet.

Al - in - Stockton

Al - in - Stockton   

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Friday, February 27, 2009 12:43 PM

I think the former PRR line to Fort Wayne, IN is preferable as well - not that the NS main wouldn't be an acceptable alternative. 

  • While the South Bend-Elkhart, IN SMSA, 316,000 pop, is not as large as Fort Wayne, 570,000 pop, a saving could be realized in future full grade separation for the shared right-of-way.
  • As I wrote before, the route through Fort Wayne would provide a shorter route to Columbus, OH by way of a high speed connection near Upper Sandusky, OH that would merge at Delaware, OH with a high speed line between Cleveland, OH and Columbus.
  • A secondary route for a round trip is afforded between Lima, OH and Cleveland sharing the Cleveland - Columbus line from Crestline.   The more costly alternative would be for a new Cleveland - Columbus high speed alignment through Mansfield and Akron.
  • A second Chicago - Pittsburgh route is possible through Mansfield and Canton.  Much of the line west of Mansfield could be upgraded to 150 mph for significant stretches with full grade separation but without significant curve easement.  Tilt trains would improve speed for the many restrictive curves from Mansfield to Pittsburgh.  This route could tie into a Cleveland - Pittsburgh high speed line.
  • Upgrading Chicago - Mansfield to 220 mph would require some new right of way for additional grade separation and curve easement in developed areas, incurring the costs of dislocation and segregated freight tracks as well as electrification for the entire route and branches to Toledo, Detroit, Cleveland, Columbus, and Pittsburgh.  Reducing running time of 4:22 hrs to ~2:30 with 220 mph service for Chicago - Cleveland would be significant, while reducing Toledo - Cleveland below ~1:30 would not make as much a difference.

Plopping down a third track is expensive, even with existing track beds and bridges; but $3.4M/mi? 

Now assuming a third track is added along the NS between Butler, IN and Cleveland and tracks are re-spaced to 20-ft centers, that might bring up the cost.  Much of the line had four tracks at one time. 

The idea, if I understand, of buying additional easement along the NS would entail substantial dislocation costs as well along much of the line that would make the $1B pale in comparison. Segregating tracks for 220 mph would require the additional easement for a fourth main track and a possible secondary track to serve local freight customers; but is that necessary at this stage for 110 mph service? 

Buying the former PRR (don't remember what the current short line is) should not be that much either, and relieve the freight operators of a considerable burden in serving customers.

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Friday, February 27, 2009 1:00 PM

Please don't shoot the messenger.  The Midwest Regional Rail System that I'm basing my comments on calls that high speed; and the stimulus bill includes improvements for that level of service as high speed.

Many have hope that a more receptive Administration will hasten very high speed, 220 mph service. 

I too think 70-80 mph overall average speeds would be a significant improvement, competitive with driving, and capable of attracting a significant increase in passengers.

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Posted by Anonymous on Friday, March 13, 2009 11:19 PM

oltmannd

I think that one of the last Amtrak monthly reports I looked at had the Pacific Surfliners and Capitols pretty much covering their costs.  Whether this was before or after CA chipped in, I don't recall.

None of the short haul routes on Amtrak come close to poor performance of the LD trains.

I would like nothing better than to see something , somewhere, get built and cover it's costs in pretty short order.  That would turn 30 years of yapping on it's head!  It's really important to pick the right project and do a good job with it.

For FY 2008 the Pacific Surfliner trains lost $14.7 million or 6.1 cents per passenger mile before interest and depreciation.  The Capitols lost $14.2 million or 12.9 cents per passenger mile before interest and depreciation.  The statement payments are designed to cover the losses and make Amtrak whole.   

Only the NEC trains covered their operating costs.  They earned $369 million or 20.7 cents per passenger mile before interest and depreciation.  So far this year they are not doing as well, in large part because of the slowdown in the economy and the decrease in the cost of gasoline.  The Acela's are still covering their operating costs, but the regionals have slipped into negative territory.

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Posted by Anonymous on Friday, March 13, 2009 11:39 PM

Phoebe Vet

Sam1

What the government spends the military, education, social programs, etc. has nothing to do with what it should spend on promoting or operating a commercial activity like passenger rail.  The question is whether the spend is a good investment. 

Investing in a commercial activity (intercity passenger rail) that has a low probability of covering its operating costs, let alone its capital costs, is a poor business decision no matter what spin you put on it.

It is you who cited the huge national debt, even quoting the debt per taxpayer to support your argument that Amtrak is a terrible burden that we are leaving to our heirs.  I merely pointed out that Amtrak's portion of the deficit is infinitesimal, and is worth the investment.  Mass transit benefits society as a whole.  That is why every municipal bus system, light rail system, and subway system is subsidized by the political entity it serves.  A national rail system benefits the entire country and therefore is a proper use of federal tax dollars, no matter what spin YOU put on it. 

You failed to include my comments recognizing that the $8 billion slated for high speed rail is indeed small compared to the national debt or the annual federal operating budget and deficit.  However, it is more debt.  And one does not cure an addiction to debt by adding to it anymore than one cures alcoholism by giving a drunk just one more drink.

Amtrak is not a public transport system ala a municipal transport system.  The elimination of a public transit system in most cases would work a hardship on the many poor people who rely on it.  Amtrak is an intercity system, although some people use it to commute.  If it dried up and went a way, most users would have a viable alternative.  

Investing $8 billion of taxpayer money in high speed rail, or any other rail for that matter, should be a function of a demonstrated need for it.  The best way to determine whether there is a need for it is the market place.  If high speed rail was truly a good idea, investors would fall all over themselves to fund it. 

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Posted by Anonymous on Friday, March 13, 2009 11:59 PM

oltmannd

Sam1

 

The promoters of high speed rail put the best spin on their numbers.  I would not bet the farm that the projects will cover their operating costs.  I would like to see an independent audit of the projections, i.e. an audit conducted by one of the big four accounting firms, with the fees paid by an independent agency.

One of the promoters of the California High Speed Rail claims that a ticket from LAX to SFO will go for $55.  Really!  Amtrak cannot cover its total NEC costs with Acela fares of $155 between Washington and New York.  And its investment is less than 25 per cent of the announced investment in the California HSR project.  I would love to see the audited numbers for the California projections.

Having spent more than 20 years directing audits of just these sorts of projects, I am amply familiar with how people spin the numbers, most of which are based on estimates, to make their project sound viable.  

This is not a promoter's report. It is one done for the various state DOTs by expert consultants.  These generally use fairly standard ridership models.  Many times, these same models underestimate commuter and light rail traffic  (see Charlotte, Albequerque and lately Phoenix).

This particular study used Amtrak's highly inefficient current costs to figure train operation costs, but did figure that some newer ROW maintenance methods into that part of the cost.

Of course, there is a lot of uncertainty with any new venture with long lead times.  It is particularly hard to calibrate ridership models for new corridors because there haven't been any implemented anywhere!  Sensitivity to trip times, frequency and price are very well known, however.

(I'm surprised you didn't take the chance to show this an example of regionalism that's working.  Look at how many states pitched in to do the study....)Smile

The $55 fare quote was made by the head of the California High Speed Rail Project on NPR.  He is a retired California high court judge.  I'd call him a promoter.

In most cases consultants are paid by the client.  They have a nasty habit of putting a more favorable spin on the outcomes than an independent auditor paid by an overseer without any stake in the outcome.  This is especially true if they see some additional business.  I spent more than 25 years dealing with consultants.  They seldom lie.  But they are quick to determine the sponsor's objectives, and they tend to put together the best scenarios to support them.  

People who have a viable commercial idea (vision) don't need to run to the government for funding. Venture capitalists will provide all the money required.  Equally important, promoters of a good deal have no problem with independent audits.  

Those who run to the government for funding know that their vision will never fly in the market place, and they are not keen for an independent audit of their financial estimates.

The California HSR project appears to be a good example of regionalism, but it will depend on how much money they get from the federal government.  If they limit their federal take to 20 per cent or less, I would think that it is a good regional project.  If they want 80 per cent of the funding to come from the federal government, it is not a good regional project.    

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Posted by Railway Man on Saturday, March 14, 2009 2:25 AM

oltmannd

HarveyK400
Chicago - Cleveland ($1,187M):   I cannot fathom the high cost for this corridor.  This works out to $3.4M a mile, including the Toledo - Cleveland stretch.  Would this include a new additional track along side the existing NS tracks between Fort Wayne and Cleveland?  Not be much curve easement would be needed.  The map indicates that the former Wabash alignment would be used; but this line was abandonned.

Could it be that the cost includes aquiring the ROW in this case (rather than being a tenant)?

It would be quite a bit cheaper to us the NS Chicago Line and just plop down a third track, but that means you trade Fort Wayne for Elkhart and likely lose the bulk of the Columbus - Chicago traffic.

 

Devil's in the details -- seen a cost breakdown?

RWM

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Posted by oltmannd on Saturday, March 14, 2009 5:10 AM

Railway Man

oltmannd

HarveyK400
Chicago - Cleveland ($1,187M):   I cannot fathom the high cost for this corridor.  This works out to $3.4M a mile, including the Toledo - Cleveland stretch.  Would this include a new additional track along side the existing NS tracks between Fort Wayne and Cleveland?  Not be much curve easement would be needed.  The map indicates that the former Wabash alignment would be used; but this line was abandonned.

Could it be that the cost includes aquiring the ROW in this case (rather than being a tenant)?

It would be quite a bit cheaper to us the NS Chicago Line and just plop down a third track, but that means you trade Fort Wayne for Elkhart and likely lose the bulk of the Columbus - Chicago traffic.

 

Devil's in the details -- seen a cost breakdown?

RWM

A study of alternatives would also be nice to see.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by cordon on Sunday, March 15, 2009 9:21 PM

Smile

Way Off Topics for Sam1!

We visited our relatives in San Antonio this past week and went by your neighborhood.  Can you tell me which I-35 through Austin is supposed to be the "through" route, the upper deck or the lower one?  The signs are no help at all and the traffic was terrible.

You have mentioned many times your extensive career in the electric power industry.  Would you please give us a few opinions on how you think electric power should evolve in the United States?  It's not totally OT because electric power could be the future of RR power.  It would be nice to hear from an expert. 

Maybe another thread, like the "Trackside Lounge - Spring 09 Edition," would be appropriate for such a discussion.

Smile   Smile

 

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Posted by P.A.Talbot on Monday, March 16, 2009 11:47 AM

 Phobe Vet, Sam1:     Regarding the comment "If high speed rail was truly a good idea, investors would fall all over themselves to fund it":  When discussing HSR as an investment, [Problem#1] compare right of ways to highways.  When in history did the market decide it needed an Interstate Highway System? Who ever invested in the IHS?  Who ever measured the return on investment of the IHS?  Many companies today, in my humble opinion, take the IHS and the state highways for granted, and are not concerned with the cost of highway maint.  Perhaps it's because the cost of IHS is shouldered by everyone who pays state, federal taxes and buys fuel at the pump.  Which probibly is the way to go regarding HSR, or as already mentioned, an Interstate Railway System (Administration). [Problem#2] I agree with the statement "Amtrak is not a public transport system ala a municipal transport system".  However, I do not agree to continue equating Amtrak with HSR. Amtrak, as we all know, currently is the only passenger railroad provider. This will change with the adoption on a governemnt controlled HSR system/IRSA.  Once all railroad companies and tax payers are funding IRSA, there will be other passenger railroads operating, because these companies will have track available to operate on...in other words, once the market sees a coast to coast HSR/IRSA system in place, we will see long distance, regional, and inter-city train service providers besides Amtrak.  As long as the sections of HSR that are under consideration now continue to be associated with Amtrak, or NS/CSX/UP/BNSF, the market will not be interested, due to the belief that the tracks are owned by these above mentioned railroads, and use to companies outside this group will be restricted.  [Problem#3] A distinction needs to be drawn between intercity/commuter rail travel, and long distance train travel.  The idea that there's only to be a few HSR ROW's in America is very short sighted.  America needs a system of HSR ROW's.  And as far as "how are we gonna pay for it" goes, all railroads and taxpayers will have to support this HSR/IRSA system, just like we support the Interstate and state highway system; through fed and state taxes, at the pump taxes, and driver/vehicle excise taxes.

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Posted by Phoebe Vet on Monday, March 16, 2009 11:57 AM

I agree ... Sam will not.

Dave

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Posted by Anonymous on Monday, March 16, 2009 6:34 PM

The Interstate Highway System (IHS) was built in response to a market demand by motorists (personal and commercial) for a better highway system.  They lobbied Congress to make it happen.  The game plan was for the government to provide enabler funds to jump start the building, which they did under the ruse of building a defense highway system, but ultimately it would be paid for by the users through fuel taxes, which is what has happened.  

Until 1999, the Highway Trust Fund (HTF) ran a surplus, except for the building years.  From 1999 to 2007 it had to draw down the surplus to continue to fund the highways, primarily because Congress would not raise the fuel taxes.  In 2007 the U.S. government had to transfer approximately $3.4 billion from the general fund to the HTF, and in 2008 it transferred approximately $8 billion. 

Transferring monies from the general fund to the HTF means that the motorists who pay federal income taxes are still paying for the highways, although using general funds tends to shift the burden from lower income motorists to higher income motorists.  Thus, lower income motorists are not paying the same amount per vehicle mile as upper income motorists to use the federal highways.

Commercial users of the Interstate Highway System, e.g. truckers, bus companies, etc. must cover their costs, including fuel taxes as well as earn a profit, or they go out of business.  Most of them pay higher fuel taxes than non-commercial users.  They pay federal income taxes on their profits, and the federal government earns a return on the highways.  Because the IHS has allowed freight carriers, as well as bus companies, to operate more efficiently, they have earned higher profits, and they have therefore paid higher amounts to the federal government.  So the government no only recoups the cost of the highways through the fuel taxes, it gets a payback through the higher taxes paid by more profitable commercial users.    

Personal users do not earn a return on the investment in highways or any other public conveyance, but they supposedly pay for their proportional use of the system.   

The same concept applies to the nation's railroads, airways, waterways, etc.   In many instances they too were kick started by the federal government.  In fact, the Army flew the mail during the earliest years of commercial aviation.  That is how Charles Lindbergh got his start.  Ultimately, the investment in the airways, waterways, etc. produced a return for the commercial users with the same impacts as described for the highways. 

The biggest difference between railways and other transport rights-of-way is that the former are controlled by the operator, whilst the common air, water, etc. rights-of-way are controlled by the federal and statement governments.  If we were starting over, I suspect a better system would be to have the rails built and owned by the government, with private operators marketing and running the trains.

With the exception of the NEC, Amtrak cannot cover consistently its operating costs.  Thus, even if the government funded the building of the rails ala the highways, airways, waterways, etc. or took them over, there is scant evidence that any operator could cover his or her operating expenses and earn a return for the investors. 

The notion that the operators of high speed rail will somehow be able to reverse this pattern is not supported by any hard evidence that I have seen.  In fact, just the opposite is the case.  Given the costs, which many people want to ignore, high speed rail would be a greater financial drain than the current system.  It will be likely a perpetual drain on federal and state government resources. 

   

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Posted by henry6 on Monday, March 16, 2009 6:52 PM

I'd like to go back to the (often heard or posted) comment that if there was profit or if it had potential then investors, private enterprise, would do it.  But that is definitely not the case, nor was it ever!  From the Erie Canal to the Panama Canal and so many others around the world (I know there are or were some private capitlaized canals) it took governments and/or governents in partnership with private capital. The Union Pacific Railroad relied very heavily on government land grants and protections in order for private enterprise to succeed.  So why does this come up everytime a major project which will benifet people and private business is proposed?  Should only private enterprise do anything concerning commerce from making mining a mineral and making widgets to carrying the raw material to the factory and finsihed product to market?  Does anyone have any idea how far  back in time we would be if Dewitt Clinton turned his back on the concept of the Erie Canal or if Abraham Lincoln couldn't fathom the need for a transcontinental railroad?  Or how would you get to work in the morning if there were no roads from your house to your place of work?  I just don't get this fearful fervor against governments doing anything to progress society and the feeling that if a private investor isn't going to do it then it shouldn't be done. 

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Monday, March 16, 2009 7:25 PM

Sam1
So the government no only recoups the cost of the highways through the fuel taxes, it gets a payback through the higher taxes paid by more profitable commercial users.    

SAM: I believe the conventional wisdom is that trucks do not pay for the maintenance. An 80,000# tractor trailer is considered to cause much more dmage than they pay for in taxes and user fees. I forget the figures but it is something like 240 times a 5000# car and about 800 times a sub compact car. I believe it is some kind of exponential curve.  Remember the threads on here that talked about how much more roadbed, track, mtc., etc that is needed to go from RR cars of 286,000# to 315,000#. Any of our highway engineering people have the exact figures?  

 

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Posted by Anonymous on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 9:17 AM

henry6

I'd like to go back to the (often heard or posted) comment that if there was profit or if it had potential then investors, private enterprise, would do it.  But that is definitely not the case, nor was it ever!  From the Erie Canal to the Panama Canal and so many others around the world (I know there are or were some private capitlaized canals) it took governments and/or governents in partnership with private capital. The Union Pacific Railroad relied very heavily on government land grants and protections in order for private enterprise to succeed.  So why does this come up everytime a major project which will benifet people and private business is proposed?  Should only private enterprise do anything concerning commerce from making mining a mineral and making widgets to carrying the raw material to the factory and finsihed product to market?  Does anyone have any idea how far  back in time we would be if Dewitt Clinton turned his back on the concept of the Erie Canal or if Abraham Lincoln couldn't fathom the need for a transcontinental railroad?  Or how would you get to work in the morning if there were no roads from your house to your place of work?  I just don't get this fearful fervor against governments doing anything to progress society and the feeling that if a private investor isn't going to do it then it shouldn't be done. 

The federal and state governments, sometimes in partnership with private capital, invested in transport infrastructure, e.g. canals, railroads, highways, airways, waterways, etc., because they realized the need to do so to jump start the projects.  They expected to recoup their investment from user fees.  In most instances they did.

Given the dismal financial performance of passenger railways trains throughout the world, there is little chance that investing in high speed rail will enable the investors to recoup their investment.  In fact, there is a scant probability that the operators will even recover their operating expenses.  This is why I question the wisdom of using public or private monies to build high speed rail.

I favor using government monies to invest in conventional rail infrastructure associated with short, high density corridors, where expanding highways and airways is cost prohibitive, because there is a good chance that the operator can recover the operating expenses and, as is the case with the NEC, contribute something to the capital investment.

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Posted by Anonymous on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 9:35 AM

blue streak 1

Sam1
So the government no only recoups the cost of the highways through the fuel taxes, it gets a payback through the higher taxes paid by more profitable commercial users.    

SAM: I believe the conventional wisdom is that trucks do not pay for the maintenance. An 80,000# tractor trailer is considered to cause much more dmage than they pay for in taxes and user fees. I forget the figures but it is something like 240 times a 5000# car and about 800 times a sub compact car. I believe it is some kind of exponential curve.  Remember the threads on here that talked about how much more roadbed, track, mtc., etc that is needed to go from RR cars of 286,000# to 315,000#. Any of our highway engineering people have the exact figures?  

Transportation experts have long recognized that trucks cause more wear and tear on highways than automobiles.  This is why the taxes and fees for them are considerably higher than those for autos. For example, whilst the federal tax on gasoline is 18.4 cents a gallon, the tax on diesel fuel, which is the primary fuel for heavy trucks, is 24.4 cents per gallon.  Interestingly, some states have a higher tax on diesel, although a few of them have a lower tax.

The question is whether the higher fuel taxes and fees cover the incremental damage done by trucks.  The American Trucking Association can cite studies showing that the higher taxes and fees cover the incremental damage; other studies (Texas Transportation Institute) show that they do not.    

Most users of common access facilities claim that they pay more than their fair share to use the facilities.  The airlines, for example, claim that they pay a disproportionate share of the cost of the federal airways.  This may be true.

The key point, however, is that the users of the nation's transport facilities, which were jump started by the federal and state governments, have or are paying for them in most instances.

I don't believe the promotors of high speed rail have a prayer's chance of recovering the investment.  I don't think they can even recover their operating costs.  This is why I am opposed to using government money to build a high speed rail network, especially a national one.   

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Posted by Railway Man on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 10:44 AM

No one other than the trucking industry claims that trucks pay their own way.  AASHTO does not.  No reputable highway engineer claims this.  Pavement damage varies as the 4th power of the axle loading.  Axle loadings are measured using the ESAL, or Equivalent Single Axle Load, an empirically determined formula.  An axle carrying 18,000 lbs. creates 3,000 times as much pavement wear as an axle carrying 2,000 lbs.

See http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=ESAL

Now, if you want to make an economic argument that the fees, taxes, and economic activity created by trucks, subtracting the air emissions, congestion cost, delays to other vehicles, accident cost (heavy trucks are involved in one of every eight fatal accidents in the U.S.), are a net positive, and that no costs are externalized, be my guest.

 RWM

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Posted by oltmannd on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 1:15 PM

Sam1
The notion that the operators of high speed rail will somehow be able to reverse this pattern is not supported by any hard evidence that I have seen.  In fact, just the opposite is the case.

If the NEC isn't hard evidence, then what is?

If you are looking for hard evidence w.r.t. something that doesn't exist, that is a tautology.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by oltmannd on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 1:53 PM

Sam1
In fact, there is a scant probability that the operators will even recover their operating expenses.

No, in your opinion "there is a scant probability that the operators will even recover their operating expenses".  There is no hard evidence that this is a fact.

There are, in fact, some estimates in existence that say otherwise that you chose to disagree with by labeling them "promoters".  They are based on at least a modicum of science, although, admittedly, they are an extrapolation.  So, reality is that no one knows with much certainty what the results of any HSR project might be.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 2:54 PM

Sam1

The question is whether the higher fuel taxes and fees cover the incremental damage done by trucks.  The American Trucking Association can cite studies showing that the higher taxes and fees cover the incremental damage; other studies (Texas Transportation Institute) show that they do not.    

SAM: I can give one concrete example that trucks are destructive. The Grand Central Parkway in New York City from the Van Wyck to LGA airport bans all trucks and buses. It was built before 1966 and as far Ias I know has never been shut down for major repairs or potholes. Can you say that about any route allowing trucks? Any of you NYC fellows know differently since its been several years since I've been  on the Grand Central?. 

RWM : thanks for the formula!! The fourth power!!!; wow trucks are really gettiing subsidized big time plus I guess buses are also getting subsidized.   

 

 

r

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Posted by oltmannd on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 3:01 PM

Better than the Van Wyck.  How about the Northern State Pkwy - cars only.  Built in the mid-1930s, it still has the original concrete underneath a veneer of asphalt (it wasn't repaved at all until the mid 1970s).  Compare it to I-70 in Kansas which was being completetly rebuilt down to the sub-grade during this decade.  It was built in the early 1970s. 

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by Deggesty on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 3:14 PM

Railway Man
No one other than the trucking industry claims that trucks pay their own way.  AASHTO does not.  No reputable highway engineer claims this.  Pavement damage varies as the 4th power of the axle loading.  Axle loadings are measured using the ESAL, or Equivalent Single Axle Load, an empirically determined formula.  An axle carrying 18,000 lbs. creates 3,000 times as much pavement wear as an axle carrying 2,000 lbs.

RWM, am I missing something? Since 18,000 is nine times 2,000, shouldn't it be 6,561 times as much damage (nine to the 4th power is 6,561)?

Johnny

Johnny

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Posted by Railway Man on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 4:24 PM

Deggesty

Railway Man
No one other than the trucking industry claims that trucks pay their own way.  AASHTO does not.  No reputable highway engineer claims this.  Pavement damage varies as the 4th power of the axle loading.  Axle loadings are measured using the ESAL, or Equivalent Single Axle Load, an empirically determined formula.  An axle carrying 18,000 lbs. creates 3,000 times as much pavement wear as an axle carrying 2,000 lbs.

RWM, am I missing something? Since 18,000 is nine times 2,000, shouldn't it be 6,561 times as much damage (nine to the 4th power is 6,561)?

Johnny

 

The referenced page answers this.  The 4th power law is an equivalency.  The actual formulas are complex.  The weight on the axle must be converted into ESALs.  A passenger car generates about 0.003 ESALs.  An 18,000 lb. axle generates 1.0 ESALs -- for reasonably strong pavements. 

Look through the page, and these pages:

http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=Flexible_Pavement_ESAL_Equation

http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=Rigid_Pavement_ESAL_Equation

RWM

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 4:46 PM

oltmannd
Better than the Van Wyck.  How about the Northern State Pkwy - cars only

Oltmannd: Great example for about NSP! Takes us old southern gentlemen to remind the northerners what is good or not. Also thought about the fact they are subject to much salt and winter weather that us southerners don't have to contend with.  

 

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Posted by henry6 on Tuesday, March 17, 2009 6:10 PM

Taconic St. Parkway is another...plus a 50 mph limit!  Very easy on maintenance....and you may be surprised just how far you can go in an hour at 50 mph!

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