Wisconsin utility files suit against Union Pacific

[Anonymous]

From the TRAINS Newswire 04/26/06 (major talking points smilied):

MADISON, Wis. - We Energies, the marketing name for Wisconsin Electric Power Co., filed a federal lawsuit against Union Pacific Railroad on Tuesday, accusing the carrier of overcharging the utility by millions of dollars for transporting coal to its plants in Wisconsin and Michigan, according to an Associated Press story in the Duluth (Minn.) News Tribune. The utility said the overcharges have contributed to higher electric prices for Wisconsin consumers, a claim disputed by rail advocates.

The filing reflects dissatisfaction among some Wisconsin utilities and other businesses with the rail industry, which they claim has consolidated into a near-monopoly. The U.S. House railroad subcommittee was scheduled to hold a hearing Wednesday in Washington on the nation's railway capacity.[tup]

"There's really only one railroad for most businesses. That monopoly-type authority has allowed the railroad industry over the last two years to really reduce the level of service they provide," said Pat Schillinger, president of the Wisconsin Paper Council. The council is a member of Badger-Cure, a coalition of utilities and forest-product companies that formed to counter railroad pricing policies.

Railroad advocates insist utilities and other businesses are looking for a scapegoat for their own rising prices.

"Who do they complain about? They're going to complain about the railroad. There's no sense in that at all," said Tom White, a spokesman for the Association of American Railroads.[%-)]

According to the lawsuit, filed in U.S. District Court in Milwaukee, We Energies had a contract with UP that called for the railroad to ship coal from Wyoming and Colorado to the utility's power plants in Michigan and southeastern Wisconsin.

But UP failed to deliver nearly 700,000 tons of coal from 2003 to 2005, according to the lawsuit. We Energies sent a letter to the company in 2004 telling the railroad its delivery shortfalls forced the utility to spend $2.6 million in 2003 alone to find and transport coal from elsewhere.

The railroad claimed its performance was affected because its agreements to move iron ore to Utah fell through and it would have to apply higher rates for coal, according to the lawsuit.[#oops]

The complaint challenges the railroad's rate decision and seeks about $23 million in reimbursement, We Energies spokesman Barry McNulty said. He blamed the railroad for helping to drive up electric rates.

Union Pacific spokesman Mark Davis said he had not seen the lawsuit and declined to comment.

The Wisconsin Public Service Commission, which regulates energy prices in the state, launched a probe last month into rising rail rates for coal transportation and delivery reliability. Most of the coal Wisconsin relies on to produce electricity comes from Montana, Wyoming, and the Appalachians, according to the PSC.

[zardoz]

If WE Energies wins the settlement, I'm sure they'll pass along the savings to their customers.

For my second joke......

[K. P. Harrier]

From a cursory review, and without all the facts, it seems that, unless the railroad had a contract contingency clause relative to the Utah matter, the railroad needs to just eat it.

In life, when allot of money is at stake … moral integrity is seldom a consideration or factor … It is very refreshing when it is, though.

[jeaton]

Z

They have to. It's the law. But don't order the Mercedes yet. The deal comes to an average of $20.91 (rounded up) per WE electric customer.

Who knows. Maybe that's big bucks for futuremodal

[CSSHEGEWISCH]

Since it appears that various utilities are unable or unwilling to use increased coal costs to justify their rate requests, somebody has to be the whipping boy, and the big, bad railroad fills its historic role of being blamed for somebody else's inability to make a buck.

If Wisconsin Electric wants a better rail rate for coal, how much are they willing to invest (or risk) in DM&E'S Powder River Extension project to get that rate?

[Bob-Fryml]

For many years the C.& N.W. and Union Pacific systems were shuttling open-top hopper sets from Minnesota to Utah loaded with taconite pellets. After dumping, a Utah contractor would clean these cars and then they'd go as empties to a coal mine located somewhere between Provo and points south of Grand Junction, Colo. for a load of coal. The coal would move to a Wisconsin utility, get dumped, the cars then would get cleaned and returned to Minnesota for another load of taconite. It was terrific business for the railroads because each hopper car set essentially moved as revenue loads in BOTH directions!

Take away the taconite movement so that the cars move westbound empty and eastbound loaded and now the railroad has to re-price the service. Maybe that's what Wisconsin Electric is griping about. Without the "taconite backhaul," W.E. now has to pay for the entire movement - both loaded and empty!

[zardoz]

Actually, if I read futuremodal's article correctly, the issue is not so much what the ulility is currently paying for coal, it is the fact that the UP failed to deliver the agreed upon quantity, thus forcing WE to look elsewhere for it's coal.

Remember a few months ago when WE was getting coal in by truck (there was a thread going about it, but I do not remember the name of it)? The coal was coming by ship, getting loaded into trucks at Jones Island in Milwaukee, then hauled to Pleasant Prairie? That was a partial result of the utilities inability to get enough coal.

[jchnhtfd]

Let's see if I have this straight, now.

The public wants something for nothing

The Public Utilities Commission, bowing to the public, won't let the utility charge enough to cover its costs.

The utility company wants something for nothing from the railroad

No one is willing to pony up to increase rail capacity.

Is there something wrong with that analysis? Because it's the same in most states, and the bottom line, my friends, is straight out greed on the part of the general public, and the utter failure of the public utilities commission to protect the utilities. Grr.

[germanium]

I know nothing about the actual contract, but surely if company A cannot honour a contract with company B, that is company A's problem, and company B can't be expected to bale them out ? Perhaps someone will explain, if my take on this situation is wrong.

[Anonymous]

Here's something REALLY funny. I'm a WE Engergies customer. I'm sure many others here are as well. My utility bill goes to pay the WE Energies lawyers who are fighting this on the utilities part. The portion of my utility bill that goes to pay the UP freight charges for coal are also being used to pay their lawyers to fight against the utility. That means that me... and the rest of the WE Energies customers are basically financing both sides of the war. [:(!]

Hoooooooooooweeeeee!!! What a riot!!!!

Standby while I go up-chuck. [xx(][xx(]

[MichaelSol]

Ordinarily, when a company breaches a contract, they are liable for the damages they cause to the other contracting party. Is there a reason a railroad should be exempt from that perfectly ordinary rule of law?

From the SEC 10K form, 2005, WISCONSIN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY:

"Our 2005 operations were also adversely impacted by limitations on deliveries of coal supply due to the failure of our primary rail delivery supplier to deliver contracted quantities of coal to our units. The largest limitation was related to critical rail track maintenance in the Powder River basin. This, in turn, resulted in reduced coal deliveries of the coal which primarily serves our Oak Creek and Pleasant Prairie generating units from June through December 2005. In response to the reduced deliveries, we limited the generating capability of these units in offpeak periods and purchased more expensive replacement power and, where possible, took measures to purchase and transport higher cost coal in place of contracted supplies. We estimate that this increased our costs by approximately $52 million in 2005.

"In July 2005, we received a letter from Union Pacific Corporation notifying us that a force majeure event requiring maintenance on a Union Pacific railroad line was expected to result in a 15-20% reduction in the amount of contracted deliveries of Powder River Basin coal to certain of our coal generating facilities from June 2005 through November 2005. In response, we reduced generation at certain coal fueled units, primarily during lower cost off peak periods, to conserve coal inventories. This required us to obtain additional megawatt hour purchases through other potentially higher cost generating resources in the MISO Midwest Market. In August 2005, we requested and received approval from the PSCW to defer incremental fuel costs associated with reduced coal deliveries. Through December 31, 2005, we deferred approximately $26.0 million of incremental fuel costs and we expect to recover these costs in future rates, subject to review and approval of the PSCW. We do not expect to defer any additional costs related to this matter.

"Wisconsin's retail electric fuel cost adjustment procedure mitigates some of our risk of electric fuel cost fluctuation. If cumulative fuel and purchased power costs for electric utility operations deviate from a prescribed range when compared to the costs projected in the most recent retail rate proceeding, retail electric rates may be adjusted, subject to risks associated with the regulatory approval process including regulatory lag. Regulatory lag risk occurs between the time we incur costs in excess of what we collect in rates, and the time we receive approval for interim rates following a regulatory filing."

I see nothing in there about the "public wanting something for nothing," "the Public Utilities Commission, bowing to the public, not letting the utility charge enough to cover its costs," "the utility company wanting something for nothing from the railroad," nor anything one way or the other about not "ponying up to increase rail capacity."

Nor do I see an ounce of support for the contention that "various utilities are unable or unwilling to use increased coal costs to justify their rate requests, somebody has to be the whipping boy, and the big, bad railroad fills its historic role of being blamed for somebody else's inability to make a buck," since the observation happens to have nothing whatsoever to do with what actually happened.

Best regards, Michael Sol

[kenneo]

What I read here is that the UP had a reduced capacity situation occurr and also lost a back haul. It appears from what has been reported and filed with the SEC that the loss of the back haul is not at issue. The failure to deliver the contracted volume is at issue.

It would, therefore, appear that the loss of back haul was a forseen possibility and delt with via the contract to the satisifaction of both parties. The UP is crying "sour grapes" and attempting to shift the focus away from where the real responsibility is. If I were the UP and looking at a 52 million $ bill, I would not be happy; but would have to pony up.

A smart move (both business and "moral") would have been for the UP to arrange with WE to obtain replacement coal with the UP paying any excess in costs. Stick to your word. Let your Yes mean yes and your No mean no. If you can not comply with the terms of your contract, you need to arrange with the other party an alternate. To let it just go on ... ... people just get angry when you do that.

[wallyworld]

Union Pacifc failed to live up to the terms of their contact. Pretty simple situation. I have written many a contract. Obligations of both parties are built on good faith and reasonable efforts. Contracts are only required when all else fails then you have a legal recourse to settle a dispute with a court tested document. UP will end up paying.

[Anonymous]

Also companies sue each other all the time and it's not unheard of for 2 companies to sue each other on the same day they announce a new joint venture. Corporate lawsuits serve as a way to prove to regulators, insurers, and investors that the company has done everything it could to recoup losses. Most larger corporate legal departments are staffed by salaried lawyers that don't get a percentage of the settlement. This case may be yet another chapter in the PRB Orin sub problem discussed before. If UP losses they'll likely sue BNSF.

[jeaton]

As Michael would know, contracts usually have escape clauses defining the circumstances when either party may not have to completely fill the terms of the contract. Force majeure seems to be a key issue in this case, but it may be tough to prove.

It would be hard to predict just how far the litigation my go in the case, but it should be noted that the management of both parties have an obligation to their shareholders to press their position. Further, the power company is is also governed by regulations that basicly allows fuel costs to be passed on to customers provided the the utility can show a concerted effort to control those costs.

If you think this is a big deal, you should witness the hassles that go on between the coal companies and the utilities. By comparison, the $23 million at issue in this case is a drop in the bucket.

[wallyworld]

This method of suits and countersuits may seem counter productive and self serving but it sure beats the heck out of the early days of railroading when gangs of workers would square off with mallets or be armed with shotguns to ward off a competitor. Many a train would be parked at the location of a crossing to block a foreign road crossing their path. Granted this dispute is between a customer and a service provider but most times when these things are in litigation, ironically the findings are usually such that it is miscommunication between both parties led to the court action and both parties have failed to clearly speak to one another rather than any intent to defraud anyone.

[MichaelSol]

There's a little more history. UP has breached its delivery contracts a few times over the past few years. In 2003, it cost WEPC $2-3 million, nothing to do with the PRB line problems, and something like that in 2004. WEPC tried to negotiate with UP, being told in essence, 'YOU CAN HANDLE IT!" Not exactly the response you might expect from an old line American institution, steeped in the traditional values of honesty, fairness, and your word is your bond.

However, with that in mind, you might guess that 2005's breach was enough of a doozy to go back and say to UP, you wouldn't negotiate fairly over the smaller amounts, now we have enough to justify litigation to get your attention, because it's big enough to affect our rate customers, especially big industries which were already struggling, and not only do we have a duty to them, as your railroad lawyers will tell you, they are third party beneficiaries of the solemn promises made by the Union Pacific Railroad.

Given the time of year, I would say UP lucked out. No severe or prolonged early winter weather. WEPC was trying to preserve its inventory against such an eventuality but even at that, without coal coming, it could have been a catastrophe. Had that happened, then you would have really seen a lawsuit.

Best regards, Michael Sol

[solzrules]

QUOTE: Originally posted by zardoz

If WE Energies wins the settlement, I'm sure they'll pass along the savings to their customers.

For my second joke......

[(-D][(-D][(-D]good one!

[solzrules]

Will this really matter in the end? LEt's face it. The PRB needs another rail line. IF there were three railroads in there instead of two, maybe little tiffs like this would go away. (DME delivers to CP Rail delivers to both powerhouses). Suddenly UP goes from trying to cover costs in an unorthodox manner to trying to lure business away from CP Rail. I don't think they will be able to do that if they use the tactic of breaching contracts with WE Energies. To sum it all up - we need more competition.

[Clutch Cargo]

Rats!!

I just bought 10 shares each of UP and BNSF on Tuesday

Woe is me!! :-) :-)

Kurt

[fuzzybroken]

QUOTE: Originally posted by kenneo

The failure to deliver the contracted volume is at issue. ...

A smart move (both business and "moral") would have been for the UP to arrange with WE to obtain replacement coal with the UP paying any excess in costs. ... If you can not comply with the terms of your contract, you need to arrange with the other party an alternate. To let it just go on ... ... people just get angry when you do that.

I agree with kenneo on this one, and have a few points of my own:

Weenergies has their own hopper/gondola fleet. Unless anyone has any proof to the contrary, I don't think that UP would have been using WEPX coal cars to backhaul iron ore. If it's the iron ore backhaul that I think it was -- the old WC/SP routing -- that iron ore backhaul uses a completely different set of hopper cars having nothing to do with Weenergies.

So, basically, UP didn't fulfill its end of the bargain, and now wants more money to do what they didn't do in the first place. Would you want to continue using UP? It sounds to me like WEPCO might be better off investing in DM&E than paying attorneys to choke UP a little bit...

My [2c] anyways... feel free to correct me if I'm just plain wrong, but take my opinions with a handful of salt[}:)]!

[zardoz]

QUOTE: Originally posted by solzrules

Will this really matter in the end? LEt's face it. The PRB needs another rail line. IF there were three railroads in there instead of two, maybe little tiffs like this would go away. (DME delivers to CP Rail delivers to both powerhouses). Suddenly UP goes from trying to cover costs in an unorthodox manner to trying to lure business away from CP Rail. I don't think they will be able to do that if they use the tactic of breaching contracts with WE Energies. To sum it all up - we need more competition.

Interesting that you used CP as an example, because in addition to it's UP connection, the Wisconsin Energies (WE) power plant at Pleasant Prairie has access to the CP main as well.

I wonder why WE Energies did not try to bring in coal (that they bought during UP's service failures) via the CP instead of by truck?

[MichaelSol]

QUOTE: Originally posted by zardoz

QUOTE: Originally posted by solzrules

Will this really matter in the end? LEt's face it. The PRB needs another rail line. IF there were three railroads in there instead of two, maybe little tiffs like this would go away. (DME delivers to CP Rail delivers to both powerhouses). Suddenly UP goes from trying to cover costs in an unorthodox manner to trying to lure business away from CP Rail. I don't think they will be able to do that if they use the tactic of breaching contracts with WE Energies. To sum it all up - we need more competition.

Interesting that you used CP as an example, because in addition to it's UP connection, the Wisconsin Energies (WE) power plant at Pleasant Prairie has access to the CP main as well.

I wonder why WE Energies did not try to bring in coal (that they bought during UP's service failures) via the CP instead of by truck?

They did.

"We limited the generating capability of these units in offpeak periods and purchased more expensive replacement power and, where possible, took measures to purchase and transport higher cost coal in place of contracted supplies...". CP was indeed part of that process. Why would you assume it wasn't?

Michael Sol

[zardoz]

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by zardoz

QUOTE: Originally posted by solzrules

Will this really matter in the end? LEt's face it. The PRB needs another rail line. IF there were three railroads in there instead of two, maybe little tiffs like this would go away. (DME delivers to CP Rail delivers to both powerhouses). Suddenly UP goes from trying to cover costs in an unorthodox manner to trying to lure business away from CP Rail. I don't think they will be able to do that if they use the tactic of breaching contracts with WE Energies. To sum it all up - we need more competition.

Interesting that you used CP as an example, because in addition to it's UP connection, the Wisconsin Energies (WE) power plant at Pleasant Prairie has access to the CP main as well.

I wonder why WE Energies did not try to bring in coal (that they bought during UP's service failures) via the CP instead of by truck?

They did.

"We limited the generating capability of these units in offpeak periods and purchased more expensive replacement power and, where possible, took measures to purchase and transport higher cost coal in place of contracted supplies...". CP was indeed part of that process. Why would you assume it wasn't?

Michael Sol

I live only about 1 mile from the Pleasant Prairie power plant, railfan around here quite a bit, and have NEVER seen or heard any coal cars arrive via CP. The connection rail between the CP tracks and the power plant tracks remains as rusty as ever.

In addition, my nephew is a driver for the trucking company that hauled the coal from Jones Island in Milwaukee to the power plant in Pleasant Prairie.

[MichaelSol]

QUOTE: Originally posted by zardoz
I live only about 1 mile from the Pleasant Prairie power plant, railfan around here quite a bit, and have NEVER seen or heard any coal cars arrive via CP. The connection rail between the CP tracks and the power plant tracks remains as rusty as ever.

In addition, my nephew is a driver for the trucking company that hauled the coal from Jones Island in Milwaukee to the power plant in Pleasant Prairie.

I hope I didn't imply that was the specific movement, nor that CP was the terminating carrier. Although it is interesting to note that the spur you refer to was installed for coal traffic. Journal of Commerce, February 19, 1997. It was specifically mentioned in the Department of Energy's "Challenges of Electric Power Industry Restructuring for Fuel Suppliers," November, 2005 as a competitive alternative to UP as the rail carrier.

[solzrules]

QUOTE: Originally posted by zardoz

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by zardoz

QUOTE: Originally posted by solzrules

Will this really matter in the end? LEt's face it. The PRB needs another rail line. IF there were three railroads in there instead of two, maybe little tiffs like this would go away. (DME delivers to CP Rail delivers to both powerhouses). Suddenly UP goes from trying to cover costs in an unorthodox manner to trying to lure business away from CP Rail. I don't think they will be able to do that if they use the tactic of breaching contracts with WE Energies. To sum it all up - we need more competition.

Interesting that you used CP as an example, because in addition to it's UP connection, the Wisconsin Energies (WE) power plant at Pleasant Prairie has access to the CP main as well.

I wonder why WE Energies did not try to bring in coal (that they bought during UP's service failures) via the CP instead of by truck?

They did.

"We limited the generating capability of these units in offpeak periods and purchased more expensive replacement power and, where possible, took measures to purchase and transport higher cost coal in place of contracted supplies...". CP was indeed part of that process. Why would you assume it wasn't?

Michael Sol

I live only about 1 mile from the Pleasant Prairie power plant, railfan around here quite a bit, and have NEVER seen or heard any coal cars arrive via CP. The connection rail between the CP tracks and the power plant tracks remains as rusty as ever.

In addition, my nephew is a driver for the trucking company that hauled the coal from Jones Island in Milwaukee to the power plant in Pleasant Prairie.

Let me phrase it this way. Any coal that CP Rail would receive (wether it happend or not) would be from the UP, right? BNSF does not serve eastern WI so they had no part in this. So if there are maintenance problems in the PRB UP will have trouble delivering the conract quantity of coal wether it is to the power plant or to a connecting railroad. I don't see how CP Rail delivering coal would alleviate the problems since the problem seems to be in the PRB which is only served by two railroads. If CP Rail was receiving coal from a different source to deliver to the power plants, this would make sense. They are plugging the gaps in the PRB coal by receiving coal from a different area of the country. However, this would be questionable because coal furnaces in power plants are set up to receive a specific type of coal because they burn it a specific way. PRB coal has a low sulfur content so being that the power plants furnaces are stetup for low sulfur coal, they are restricted to what types of coal they can buy in periods of supply problems.

This goes back to my original point. If there was a third railroad in the PRB like the DME - with it's own infastructure and operations, (I realize that the mine trackage is under joint ownership or something like that) they would be less susceptible to maintenance failures and so on. DME could hand off trains to CP Rail at Winona, MN. CP could forward all trains to points east. Or west. I think the DME interchanges with the UP at Rochester, but it seems to me they are kind of hostile to each other. I may be wrong. UP and BNSF would not have a stranglehold on the coal rates and the cost of transporting coal would be cheaper through increased competition. Sounds like a great idea, no?

[MichaelSol]

QUOTE: Originally posted by solzrules
Let me phrase it this way. Any coal that CP Rail would receive (wether it happend or not) would be from the UP, right?

Referring to my article in November, 1976 Audubon on Crow's Nest coal, I see that it is metallurgical quality and that CP hauls quite a bit of it. Steaming coal? Don't know. However, the spur was put in to Pleasant Prarie, according to Journal of Commerce specifically to permit CP to deliver coal.

QUOTE: I don't see how CP Rail delivering coal would alleviate the problems since the problem seems to be in the PRB which is only served by two railroads. If CP Rail was receiving coal from a different source to deliver to the power plants, this would make sense. They are plugging the gaps in the PRB coal by receiving coal from a different area of the country. However, this would be questionable because coal furnaces in power plants are set up to receive a specific type of coal because they burn it a specific way.

Well, if they could barge it in, why can't they rail it in? Where was the barge coal coming from?

QUOTE:
This goes back to my original point. If there was a third railroad in the PRB like the DME - with it's own infastructure and operations, (I realize that the mine trackage is under joint ownership or something like that) they would be less susceptible to maintenance failures and so on. DME could hand off trains to CP Rail at Winona, MN. CP could forward all trains to points east. Or west. I think the DME interchanges with the UP at Rochester, but it seems to me they are kind of hostile to each other. I may be wrong. UP and BNSF would not have a stranglehold on the coal rates and the cost of transporting coal would be cheaper through increased competition. Sounds like a great idea, no?

The PRB debacle is just one of several disturbing events that underscores the lack of redundancy that has evolved in the US Rail System over the last 20 years. Lack of redundancy imposes a high risk premium on critical systems of any type. And, we increasingly have to pay that risk premium. From that angle alone, the DME makes sense.

[solzrules]

QUOTE:

QUOTE: I don't see how CP Rail delivering coal would alleviate the problems since the problem seems to be in the PRB which is only served by two railroads. If CP Rail was receiving coal from a different source to deliver to the power plants, this would make sense. They are plugging the gaps in the PRB coal by receiving coal from a different area of the country. However, this would be questionable because coal furnaces in power plants are set up to receive a specific type of coal because they burn it a specific way.

Well, if they could barge it in, why can't they rail it in? Where was the barge coal coming from?

My point was that CP Rail would be receiving the coal from the UP. The same UP that was having trouble delivering coal in the first place. What point would it have made for the utility to take coal from CP Rail, since they would most likely be getting it from the UP and still subject to the same supply interruptions. In that scenario, a barge makes perfect sense, if the type of coal that the power plant needs CAN be loaded onto a barge. I am assuming several things. 1.) The barge is loaded with coal from the south eastern United States and 2.) The power plant's furnaces can accept a coal with higher sulfur content. I seem to think that the coal from SE US is of a higher sulfur content and therefore not compatible with power plants that burn low sulfur coal. Otherwise why the interruption? Pleasant Prairie could just buy coal from Appalachia and ship it on the NS.

[Anonymous]

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

Well, the PRB debacle underscores the lack of redundancy that has evolved in the US Rail System over the last 20 years. Lack of redundancy imposes a high risk premium on critical systems of any type. From that angle alone, the DME makes sense.

Redundancy implies more intramodal competition. More intramodal competition dilutes the ability to maximize pricing power. Maximizing pricing power is the be-all/end-all of North American rail industry thought today.

Thus, redundancy is counterintuitive to current rail industry philosophy.

What Stagger's has revealed is the major explicit drawback of closed access transportation systems. If this nation really wants a viable expanding rail system, we're going to have to go in another direction, because it simply won't happen with the current system.

[MichaelSol]

QUOTE: Originally posted by solzrules

QUOTE:

QUOTE: I don't see how CP Rail delivering coal would alleviate the problems since the problem seems to be in the PRB which is only served by two railroads. If CP Rail was receiving coal from a different source to deliver to the power plants, this would make sense. They are plugging the gaps in the PRB coal by receiving coal from a different area of the country. However, this would be questionable because coal furnaces in power plants are set up to receive a specific type of coal because they burn it a specific way.

Well, if they could barge it in, why can't they rail it in? Where was the barge coal coming from?

My point was that CP Rail would be receiving the coal from the UP. The same UP that was having trouble delivering coal in the first place. What point would it have made for the utility to take coal from CP Rail, since they would most likely be getting it from the UP and still subject to the same supply interruptions. In that scenario, a barge makes perfect sense, if the type of coal that the power plant needs CAN be loaded onto a barge. I am assuming several things. 1.) The barge is loaded with coal from the south eastern United States and 2.) The power plant's furnaces can accept a coal with higher sulfur content. I seem to think that the coal from SE US is of a higher sulfur content and therefore not compatible with power plants that burn low sulfur coal. Otherwise why the interruption? Pleasant Prairie could just buy coal from Appalachia and ship it on the NS.

Well, I am missing something here.

WEPCo did buy coal elsewhere, and it was transported from elsewhere, and, as far as I can tell, may well have even used UP as well as barges for the final leg of the trip. Why CP could not carry any coal traffic whatsoever that would end up at WEPCo plants, or why CP could only obtain a coal haul from UP, is not something I am seeing as reasonable. However, I recall the comment from a contemporaneous news article at the time, and CP/barge were specifically mentioned as alternatives for obtaining coal. Beyond that, I cannot offer what did or did not happen, where the replacement coal came from -- it obviously came from somewhere -- or whether it was high sulfur, low sulfur, or metallurgical.