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Freight Railroad Electrification

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Posted by oltmannd on Sunday, April 23, 2023 9:18 AM

Euclid

Maybe I missed it, but what would be the reason to electrify the railroads now?

Is it the same as the reason to electrify cars and trucks?

 

Yes.  Generally.  Lower cost.  Reduced CO2 emissions.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by charlie hebdo on Sunday, April 23, 2023 10:53 AM

Overmod
Until I see an organized effort to fix the variables, I stand by the observation.  It's your burden to prove why it is mistaken.

A large consensus in the relevant corporations as well as science seems to disagree with your purely personal opinion. 

Even on this little forum, a knowledgable railroader  (Don) seems to see the sense of electrification. 

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Posted by Euclid on Sunday, April 23, 2023 11:53 AM

oltmannd

 

 

 

 
Euclid

Maybe I missed it, but what would be the reason to electrify the railroads now?

Is it the same as the reason to electrify cars and trucks?

 

 

 

Yes.  Generally.  Lower cost.  Reduced CO2 emissions.

 

So why are the railroads not capable of understanding that electrification will lower their cost?  They had no hesitation to dieselize because of the claim that doing so would lower the cost. 

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Posted by BaltACD on Sunday, April 23, 2023 12:26 PM

Euclid
 
oltmannd 
Euclid

Maybe I missed it, but what would be the reason to electrify the railroads now?

Is it the same as the reason to electrify cars and trucks? 

Yes.  Generally.  Lower cost.  Reduced CO2 emissions. 

So why are the railroads not capable of understanding that electrification will lower their cost?  They had no hesitation to dieselize because of the claim that doing so would lower the cost. 

Dieselization was not a 'claim' of lowered costs - it was demonstrated with the 'barnstorming' tours of the various demonstrators that the manufacturers put out on tour.

The demonstrators were put on tour and could work side by side with steam and prove their 'savings' in real time.

Electrification cannot work side by side with existing motive power without investment in catenary or 3rd rail upon the territory to be tested.  Testing with electrification requires a big investment just to run the test.  That investment wasn't required to test diesel-elecrics vs. steam.

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Posted by Euclid on Sunday, April 23, 2023 12:52 PM

BaltACD

 

 
Euclid
 
oltmannd 
Euclid

Maybe I missed it, but what would be the reason to electrify the railroads now?

Is it the same as the reason to electrify cars and trucks? 

Yes.  Generally.  Lower cost.  Reduced CO2 emissions. 

So why are the railroads not capable of understanding that electrification will lower their cost?  They had no hesitation to dieselize because of the claim that doing so would lower the cost. 

 

Dieselization was not a 'claim' of lowered costs - it was demonstrated with the 'barnstorming' tours of the various demonstrators that the manufacturers put out on tour.

The demonstrators were put on tour and could work side by side with steam and prove their 'savings' in real time.

Electrification cannot work side by side with existing motive power without investment in catenary or 3rd rail upon the territory to be tested.  Testing with electrification requires a big investment just to run the test.  That investment wasn't required to test diesel-elecrics vs. steam.

 

So are you saying that electrification will not lower the cost of running trains, and therefore the industry is justified in opposing electrification?  

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Posted by Erik_Mag on Sunday, April 23, 2023 1:19 PM

BaltACD

Electrification cannot work side by side with existing motive power without investment in catenary or 3rd rail upon the territory to be tested.  Testing with electrification requires a big investment just to run the test.  That investment wasn't required to test diesel-elecrics vs. steam.

That is a very insightful comment.

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Posted by BaltACD on Sunday, April 23, 2023 1:47 PM

Euclid
 
BaltACD 
Euclid 
oltmannd 
Euclid

Maybe I missed it, but what would be the reason to electrify the railroads now?

Is it the same as the reason to electrify cars and trucks? 

Yes.  Generally.  Lower cost.  Reduced CO2 emissions. 

So why are the railroads not capable of understanding that electrification will lower their cost?  They had no hesitation to dieselize because of the claim that doing so would lower the cost.  

Dieselization was not a 'claim' of lowered costs - it was demonstrated with the 'barnstorming' tours of the various demonstrators that the manufacturers put out on tour.

The demonstrators were put on tour and could work side by side with steam and prove their 'savings' in real time.

Electrification cannot work side by side with existing motive power without investment in catenary or 3rd rail upon the territory to be tested.  Testing with electrification requires a big investment just to run the test.  That investment wasn't required to test diesel-elecrics vs. steam. 

So are you saying that electrification will not lower the cost of running trains, and therefore the industry is justified in opposing electrification?  

What I am saying is that if you build the electrical power delivery system to conduct the tests, then the tests can be conducted.

To date it looks like neither the electrical providers nor the railroads want to invest in what is necessary to run side by side real world testing.  In todays investment climate neither side wants to commit that level of investment 'betting on the come'.

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Sunday, April 23, 2023 3:55 PM

BaltACD

Electrification cannot work side by side with existing motive power without investment in catenary or 3rd rail upon the territory to be tested.  Testing with electrification requires a big investment just to run the test.  That investment wasn't required to test diesel-elecrics vs. steam.

 

 
Absolutly!
From 2009 - 2011 worked with a PE informally looking into possibility of a proposal to a RR about electrifying a test location.  We picked the NS from Harrisburg to Pittburg as a good guide.  It is ~ 250 miles HAR - PGH.  Or 39 miles - Johnstown (JST ) - Altoona (ALT). 
 
At that time installing cat JST - ALT  was estimated at $2.0 - 2.5M per mile depending on curvature.  We expected a spacing of 120  feet from cat poles on straight sections and less for the numerous curves ( did not find total curveature ).  Assumed any RR would require full permanent installation. 
 
Installation would require full potholing, concrete underground pole supports, steel or concrete CAT poles.  Extra high voltage power lines located conviently near tracks.  3 phase to single phase balancing transformers were fairly good but are much better now although delivery times are lenghty. 
 
A big problem was clearances.  The Gazillon tunnel bore had already been increase to double stack height but the addition 3 - 4 feet appeared very expensive.  Lowering tracks the required amount would lower top of grade but how to support tunnel ceiling while lowering might be very slow, closing each bore for a long time. Battery tech was also not mature.  A 3rd rail connection to a power car required too many amps for 500 - 750 DC 3rd rail, even 1500 - 3000 DC did not appear feasible for the amps needed for 18 traction motors. Could an overpowered DPU push front thru tunnel was questionable due to west bound grade.
 
We had a 2 - 4400 HP diesels book ending a rebuilt older power unit with transformer(s) , rectifiers and other control equipment.  Then had DC  cables to connect power to diesels inverters.  Extra control cabling to diesels to bring on line or idle shut off.  When not running under CAT diesels would each share power to one truck of power car.  That would enable consist to have each diesel to run 9 traction motors making it easier to pull consists out of Yards without CAT.    A great save of not having to install expensive CAT in yards and for on line switching.
 
Now it appears that battery tech is improving so that power car can have batterys installed and remain under weight liitations.  A power car with one and definitely 2 PANs up can power 18 traction motors of 1000 HP each under 12.5 Kv and definitely 25  Kv CAT.
 
Another reason for this location study was Amtrak.  If Amtrak had the dual capability lash up of a P-42 operating with an ACS-64 examining how much quicker the consist could pull the Pennsylvnian up and down the route.  The ACS 1000 HP ( with higher short time ratings ) traction motors would make a difference.
 
We felt that HAR <> PGH was a much better measure of a full CAT installation but the cost of over $1/2 B had no interest from any government agency to study impacts.  Now who knows??? 
 
 
 
 
It is !
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Posted by Erik_Mag on Sunday, April 23, 2023 7:37 PM

blue streak 1
A big problem was clearances.

That was the major take-away from the SoCal Regional Railroad Authority study done in 1991-92. Half the cost of electrification would have been providing adequate clearances. This is where I got the inspiration for use of batteries to power through the low clearance areas.

High voltage third rail is tricky. The Michigan RR (Interurban) found out that 2400V did not work well due to frequent arcing between the third rail and journal boxes. Central California Traction had good luck with 1200V and BART runs on 1000V. IIRC, a ten car BART train can draw 10MW (~13,000HP) when accelerating.

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Posted by oltmannd on Monday, April 24, 2023 8:31 AM

Euclid

 

 
oltmannd

 

 

 

 
Euclid

Maybe I missed it, but what would be the reason to electrify the railroads now?

Is it the same as the reason to electrify cars and trucks?

 

 

 

Yes.  Generally.  Lower cost.  Reduced CO2 emissions.

 

 

 

So why are the railroads not capable of understanding that electrification will lower their cost?  They had no hesitation to dieselize because of the claim that doing so would lower the cost. 

 

They payback on investment is long without monetizing the cost of carbon.   There needs to be either a tax on carbon or a subsidy for avoiding CO2 emissions or an investment subsidy.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by oltmannd on Monday, April 24, 2023 8:43 AM

BaltACD
Electrification cannot work side by side with existing motive power without investment in catenary or 3rd rail upon the territory to be tested.  Testing with electrification requires a big investment just to run the test.  That investment wasn't required to test diesel-elecrics vs. steam.

You either do it or your don't.  In the RR industry, there has always been reluctance to be the first to do something new.  Electrification is a pretty big bet. 

Latest example is AC power.  It didn't happen until EMD built some demonstrators and the AAR started working on a larger test fleet.  The test fleet got cut short by BN's big purchase.

Stacks, spine cars, ECP braking, ATCS/PTC - everone tip-toes into the water wanting someone else to go first.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by Overmod on Monday, April 24, 2023 9:09 AM

oltmannd
There needs to be either a tax on carbon or a subsidy for avoiding CO2 emissions or an investment subsidy.

My direct recommendation is a tax setaside dollar-for-dollar for demonstrated electrification buildout -- possibly some percentage for utility companies or infrastructure providers, too.  I'd apply that to any cap-and-trade carbon tax charged the railroads, too.

Cynically: if the various arms of Government decide to start soaking NS with a tenth of their gross income in fines -- take that money and use it directly for electrification infrastructure.  (Not consultants, not general fund anything.)

At one time, I thought the infrastructure should be Government-subsidized, with repayment in proportion to the actual savings observed.  That's basically the way most of the world got electrified, and then had railroads improved, but nearly always involving, however transient, Government ownership of part or all of the plant.  This might be (again somewhat cynically) used as a method of obtaining 'iron ocean' track and dispatching... but I don't think I would trust either PSR/financier management or our prospective government to assess the amounts of 'return' fairly.

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Posted by Overmod on Monday, April 24, 2023 9:15 AM

Gramp
What I'd like to add in is the dawn of small nuclear reactors.

The problem I see so far isn't technical, but political -- including the risks of security and prevention of proliferation.

Certainly there is ample evidence that a railroad system can be run well with substantial supply from nuclear powerplants...

I'd be more inclined to build the plants at sufficient size and output to cover all the cycle and security costs, and provide the 'new baseline' for all the various future draws that don't fit a workable renewable-energy plan.  As with longline electrical powerlines, preferential siting for these might be 'close to railroads, and the catenary overhead adapted to serve very-high-voltage or HVDC lines (see the New Jersey Transit/PSE&G bridges across the Jersey Meadows as an example).

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Posted by BaltACD on Monday, April 24, 2023 9:28 AM

Overmod
 
Gramp
What I'd like to add in is the dawn of small nuclear reactors. 

The problem I see so far isn't technical, but political -- including the risks of security and prevention of proliferation.

Certainly there is ample evidence that a railroad system can be run well with substantial supply from nuclear powerplants...

I'd be more inclined to build the plants at sufficient size and output to cover all the cycle and security costs, and provide the 'new baseline' for all the various future draws that don't fit a workable renewable-energy plan.  As with longline electrical powerlines, preferential siting for these might be 'close to railroads, and the catenary overhead adapted to serve very-high-voltage or HVDC lines (see the New Jersey Transit/PSE&G bridges across the Jersey Meadows as an example).

With the world going 'wireless'.  When wireless transmission of electricity is perfected to safely send power to locomotives, then the railroads will use electric locomotives.

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Posted by Overmod on Monday, April 24, 2023 9:47 AM

BaltACD
With the world going 'wireless'.  When wireless transmission of electricity is perfected to safely send power to locomotives, then the railroads will use electric locomotives.

Didn't work in Colorado, didn't work at Wardenclyffe, and it won't work now -- why would you think that beam power would be practical when railroads can't even arrange DP or PTC radio without dropouts and QoS issues?

Not to mention 'imperfect reflection' from all those multipath sources, but now at high wattage.  Perhaps like that hotel in Las Vegas or awful building in London with their solar-focus issues -- but with invisible RF.

The point to remember is that OHLE electrification is radically lower in actual cost and difficulty now than it was even a few years ago.  That is due largely to the Chinese and their extensive domestic building program; I don't know if it has been meaningly extended to Belt and Road initiatives, but it was developed with all the necessary equipment, techniques, and technical instruction to be a full analogue to the still-modern-looking rigs used to construct the long elevated railroads in New York in the 1870s.  Even if we were to hold our noses about 'buying Chinese technology', the example is there on how to do it cost-effectively at the required scale, on the required schedule.


The alternative to 'transmitted power' for locomotives is enough overhead wire contact or third rail to perform periodic recharge, as with the older Swiss systems back to the days of flywheel buses.  No RF transversion, interference, or exploding fences and line wires required!

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Posted by BaltACD on Monday, April 24, 2023 11:05 AM

Overmod
 
BaltACD
With the world going 'wireless'.  When wireless transmission of electricity is perfected to safely send power to locomotives, then the railroads will use electric locomotives. 

Didn't work in Colorado, didn't work at Wardenclyffe, and it won't work now -- why would you think that beam power would be practical when railroads can't even arrange DP or PTC radio without dropouts and QoS issues? 

Not to mention 'imperfect reflection' from all those multipath sources, but now at high wattage.  Perhaps like that hotel in Las Vegas or awful building in London with their solar-focus issues -- but with invisible RF.

The point to remember is that OHLE electrification is radically lower in actual cost and difficulty now than it was even a few years ago.  That is due largely to the Chinese and their extensive domestic building program; I don't know if it has been meaningly extended to Belt and Road initiatives, but it was developed with all the necessary equipment, techniques, and technical instruction to be a full analogue to the still-modern-looking rigs used to construct the long elevated railroads in New York in the 1870s.  Even if we were to hold our noses about 'buying Chinese technology', the example is there on how to do it cost-effectively at the required scale, on the required schedule.

The alternative to 'transmitted power' for locomotives is enough overhead wire contact or third rail to perform periodic recharge, as with the older Swiss systems back to the days of flywheel buses.  No RF transversion, interference, or exploding fences and line wires required!

While I threw wireless power transmission out there.  I don't know of any technolgies at the present time that would facilitate it, especially at the power levels necessary to power rail transportation.  I don't anticipate such technology being available within my remaining lifetime, if my Grandfather is a predictor could be 22 years or more.

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Posted by tree68 on Monday, April 24, 2023 12:25 PM

Overmod
...but now at high wattage...

As an amateur radio operator, I now have to do an RF exposure survey for my personal station.  At 100 watts max I run, the RF levels are negligible.  At the wattage needed for a locomotive, that exposure would be significant.

Even a weather radar would provide insufficient power to keep a locomotive going.

People complain now about the potential harm from 5G cell phone towers - imagine what we'd hear about this...

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Posted by charlie hebdo on Monday, April 24, 2023 12:55 PM

Overmod
Certainly there is ample evidence that a railroad system can be run well with substantial supply from nuclear powerplants...

My opinion is that the modern, small-scale nuckear plants are the only way out of carbon but that seems unlikely. Are you suggesting railroads operate these plants, a throwback to Insull interurban practice?  In the current diplomatic climate, installing the Chinese electrification infrastructure is a non-starter. I may be wrong, but isn't it a "copy" of Siemens designs?

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Posted by rdamon on Monday, April 24, 2023 1:20 PM

tree68

 

 
Overmod
...but now at high wattage...

 

As an amateur radio operator, I now have to do an RF exposure survey for my personal station.  At 100 watts max I run, the RF levels are negligible.  At the wattage needed for a locomotive, that exposure would be significant.

Even a weather radar would provide insufficient power to keep a locomotive going.

People complain now about the potential harm from 5G cell phone towers - imagine what we'd hear about this...

 

 

Metal fences with gates that cross high-voltage transmission lines can be hair-razing

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Posted by Backshop on Monday, April 24, 2023 1:44 PM

People complain about the risk of nuclear powerplants without realizing that the USN has had literally hundreds of them online over the last 70 years without an accident.

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Posted by zugmann on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:21 PM

Backshop

People complain about the risk of nuclear powerplants without realizing that the USN has had literally hundreds of them online over the last 70 years without an accident.

 

It's not the actual powerplants.  It's the shareholder-driven companies running them I have no faith in.  

 

PSN anyone? 

It's been fun.  But it isn't much fun anymore.   Signing off for now. 


  

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Posted by diningcar on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:40 PM

ZUG, so who should run the companies if not the shareholders???

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Posted by zugmann on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:44 PM

diningcar

ZUG, so who should run the companies if not the shareholders???

 

Maybe we're not ready to harness that power as a species. 

At least as long as profits drive all - even over safety. 

It's been fun.  But it isn't much fun anymore.   Signing off for now. 


  

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Posted by azrail on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:49 PM

We have many good things nowadays due to the quest for profit.

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Posted by azrail on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:51 PM

Worked well for the MILW, didn't it.

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Posted by Backshop on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:51 PM

diningcar

ZUG, so who should run the companies if not the shareholders???

 

You're missing his point. The USN has never had an accident but they don't skimp on training and operation.  With some private utilities, you never know.

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Posted by zugmann on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:54 PM

I've taken this off-topic enough.  

Back to pantographs.

It's been fun.  But it isn't much fun anymore.   Signing off for now. 


  

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Posted by tree68 on Monday, April 24, 2023 2:57 PM

diningcar

ZUG, so who should run the companies if not the shareholders???

Managers who know the business.  Yes, a company needs to make a profit, but that should only be one of the goals...

There's more to milking a cow than collecting the milk check...

LarryWhistling
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Posted by azrail on Monday, April 24, 2023 3:04 PM

Everything we do is dependent on fossil fuels...including making electric cars.

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Posted by PJS1 on Monday, April 24, 2023 3:13 PM

Backshop
 People complain about the risk of nuclear powerplants without realizing that the USN has had literally hundreds of them online over the last 70 years without an accident. 

According to the Energy Information Administration, the number of commercial nuclear power plants in the U.S. peaked at 61 plants operating 99 reactors in 2016.  Today, the U.S. has 54 active nuclear power plants running 74 reactors.  The newest nuclear plant, which is scheduled to start production in May, is the Southern Company’s Vogtle nuclear plant.  
 
I am retired.  The company that I worked for has a nuclear power plant at Glenn Rose, Texas.  It has two 1150 megawatt generators.  Our fleet consisted of lignite plants, gas fired plants, and the nuclear plant.  It was the most reliable plant in the fleet.
 
No one has been hurt in a commercial nuclear plant in the U.S. because of  nuclear operations, i.e., operation of the reactor, fuel loading, storing, etc.  But several employees and contractors have been hurt in non-nuclear accidents.    

Rio Grande Valley, CFI,CFII

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