Trains.com

Freight Railroad Electrification

22987 views
348 replies
1 rating 2 rating 3 rating 4 rating 5 rating
  • Member since
    January 2001
  • From: Atlanta
  • 11,971 posts
Freight Railroad Electrification
Posted by oltmannd on Sunday, April 9, 2023 9:49 AM

I've been an unsufferable crumudgeon about RRs lack of investing in their future.

Time for some "put up or shut up"?

I choose "put up".  

Electrification looks like a winner.  Take a look.  Then we can...um..."discuss".

https://blerfblog.blogspot.com/2023/04/i-built-train-performance-calculator.html

 

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Sunday, April 9, 2023 12:53 PM

This from the king of electrification-scenario developers (say what we may about weasels at a certain Wisconsin media company)

Interestingly enough, the entire model I see is different from the usual idea of electrification used for bigger, longer, cheaper (and used ta be faster, but not any more) consists.  Take the model of dual-mode electrification, adapted (and it adapts beautifully and cost-effectively!) to power consists of powered and battery locomotives MUed for 'best continuous power'.  This of course is short of what instantaneous to hourly electric power "could" develop, but it ensures that any train that operates over unelectrified gaps will work at least as effectively under wire.  Then build out the wire... but with gaps wherever it isn't cost-effective to string 50kV 60Hz, and just transition to power (with advance warning via GPS/GIS a la Carnegie-Mellon) when you need the transition.

First places you electrify are grades and 'sensitive areas' in air-quality management districts (the latter being amenable to what may be dramatic levels of OPM git-r-dun funding to be repaid through tax setasides) where effective dual-mode 'snapping' can be done to reduce track occupancy and so forth.

Then electrify the portions of the route that most benefit from the additional horsepower and braking that electrification can provide... with it not mattering whether there's a brownout or electricity-fairy stroke or wires down in the storm.  Or put the pans up and crank up the excitation to supply 'excess' power to the grid if necessary... the phase sync is inherent in the grid power.

Naturally the trick will be easier on routes where some kind of 'iron ocean' shared-assets management has been established, perhaps as a kind of 19th-Century Union or Star express-line operation that is an overlay on PSR maintenance and slipshod practices.  Where the fun definitely will be lacking, though, is if some of the whiz kids dreaming about autonomous single car "railroading" have to deal with punctate electrification.  You can't just have anyone in what may be an islanded section just put up their pole or pan without some kind of power direction... probably at that point via interlinked AIs supervised by people.

Someone find and link Iden's recent little piece with his vision of doing electrification with 'electricity tenders' rather than BEV locomotives-plus.  (They essentially converge on the same thing, but mine has better general utility...)

  • Member since
    January 2001
  • From: Atlanta
  • 11,971 posts
Posted by oltmannd on Sunday, April 9, 2023 3:37 PM

This route might suit battery tenders well.  It's on my list to look at!  

Getting from now to full electrification of main tracks doesn't have to be a straight line...

(Crumudgeon mode "on"...)

But, the industry needs to get off their butts and push.  Something.  Anything! 

They just sit around and read their press releases about how "green" they are.  Just so dumb.

I think they actually are trying to go out of business...

(Crumudgeon mode "off")

 

 

 

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

  • Member since
    December 2017
  • From: I've been everywhere, man
  • 4,269 posts
Posted by SD70Dude on Sunday, April 9, 2023 4:14 PM

Getting off your butts is hard.  And a big investment in something like electrification would mean cutting down on stock buybacks and dividend payments.  

It's hard enough to convince a PSR Class I to invest in more minor capacity improvements like double track and yard expansions.  And most won't touch choke points like single track bridges or speed restricted curves, so forget about a paradigm shift like electrification.  

The Class I's aren't really railroad companies anymore.  They are accounting firms which happen to own railroads, and they aren't exactly thrilled about it.  Actual physical operations are dirty and hard, it's much easier to sit in an office and crunch numbers.  

You've probably heard of scientific concepts like the ideal black body or ideal gas.  I suggest another one:  the ideal PSR railroad, with no costs and only profits.  To achieve this the ideal railroad owns no track, has no customers and operates zero trains, because each of those things is a cost.  And once you've gotten rid of all that you can get rid of the biggest cost of all:  the employees.  You have now achieved perfection, the operating ratio is infintely low and all that's left are the accountants and upper managment, they can spend all day trading stocks, counting money and bragging about profits and how green they are (zero trains = zero emissions).  

Greetings from Alberta

-an Articulate Malcontent

  • Member since
    March 2011
  • 188 posts
Posted by dpeltier on Sunday, April 9, 2023 5:40 PM

Overmod

Someone find and link Iden's recent little piece with his vision of doing electrification with 'electricity tenders' rather than BEV locomotives-plus.  (They essentially converge on the same thing, but mine has better general utility...)

I kind of feel like I'm rewarding bad behavior here Smile, but I've always thought of Mr. Iden as one of the good guys and it's probably good for people to hear his thoughts, so:

https://www.railwayage.com/mechanical/locomotives/follow-the-megawatt-hours-hydrogen-fuel-cells-batteries-and-electric-propulsion/

Dan

  • Member since
    January 2019
  • From: Henrico, VA
  • 9,728 posts
Posted by Flintlock76 on Sunday, April 9, 2023 5:49 PM

SD70Dude
You have now achieved perfection, the operating ratio is infintely low and all that's left are the accountants and upper managment, they can spend all day trading stocks, counting money and bragging about profits and how green they are (zero trains = zero emissions).  

Make you wonder why people with that kind of mindset go into railroading to begin with instead of banking or stockbroking where they could play with other people's money all day long with nothing else to worry about.

  • Member since
    September 2013
  • 2,505 posts
Posted by caldreamer on Sunday, April 9, 2023 6:24 PM

Three simple questions need answered. Forget the cost of the electricity to go into the cantanery

1. What would the cost be per mile for the infrastructure String power lines to the  cantenary(I can hear the "NOT IN MY BACK YARD" now), the support poles, insulators and power wires?

2. Who will pay the billions to electrify the railroads?

3. Who will pay for the extra maintenance costs of maintaining the cantenary?

The Virginian, Great Northern and Apache railroads all had cantenary, but took it down in favor of diesel!!!

  • Member since
    July 2006
  • 1,530 posts
Posted by NKP guy on Sunday, April 9, 2023 6:48 PM

caldreamer

Three simple questions need answered. Forget the cost of the electricity to go into the cantanery

1. What would the cost be per mile for the infrastructure String power lines to the  cantenary(I can hear the "NOT IN MY BACK YARD" now), the support poles, insulators and power wires?

2. Who will pay the billions to electrify the railroads?

3. Who will pay for the extra maintenance costs of maintaining the cantenary?

The Virginian, Great Northern and Apache railroads all had cantenary, but took it down in favor of diesel!!!

 

 

Those are all good questions!

Here's mine:  What would have been the possible effects on the recent derailment in East Palestine, had the line been electrified with catenary, etc.?  How would electrification complicate derailments in general?

  • Member since
    May 2003
  • From: US
  • 25,292 posts
Posted by BaltACD on Sunday, April 9, 2023 9:30 PM

NKP guy
 
caldreamer

Three simple questions need answered. Forget the cost of the electricity to go into the cantanery

1. What would the cost be per mile for the infrastructure String power lines to the  cantenary(I can hear the "NOT IN MY BACK YARD" now), the support poles, insulators and power wires?

2. Who will pay the billions to electrify the railroads?

3. Who will pay for the extra maintenance costs of maintaining the cantenary?

The Virginian, Great Northern and Apache railroads all had cantenary, but took it down in favor of diesel!!! 

Those are all good questions!

Here's mine:  What would have been the possible effects on the recent derailment in East Palestine, had the line been electrified with catenary, etc.?  How would electrification complicate derailments in general?

I suspect, but don't know for a fact, that the downed live catenary wires might have created additional fires and been a issue with first responders until such time as the power was KNOWN to be deactivated.

Never too old to have a happy childhood!

              

  • Member since
    September 2011
  • 6,449 posts
Posted by MidlandMike on Sunday, April 9, 2023 9:42 PM

caldreamer
...   The Virginian, Great Northern and Apache railroads all had cantenary, but took it down in favor of diesel!!!

The Virginian didn't de-energize until N&W merger days, when a paired directional running scheme was instituted on their parallel lines, with no way for ex-VGN electrics to return in the N&W side. The GN electrification was too short to warrent two back-to-back engine changes.  I never heard the Apache had electrics, could you be refering to the Navaho mine RR?  I'll also throw in the ex-PRR freight electrification, which became disjointed after they mostly migrated off the Amtrak's NEC.  With electrification you really need to be all in.

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Sunday, April 9, 2023 10:16 PM

I for some reason remember Apache as being a rare-Baldwin railroad, not electrified.

The thing I thought was going to kick off more electrification was the Muskingum, which IIRC was not only electric (being run by and for a utility) but at least semiautomated as built.  

Of course the canonical modern reference, both for implementation and for possible removal, was the Tumbler Ridge line, which was built assuming electrification but did not stay that way.

  • Member since
    December 2001
  • From: Northern New York
  • 25,020 posts
Posted by tree68 on Sunday, April 9, 2023 10:17 PM

NKP guy
Here's mine:  What would have been the possible effects on the recent derailment in East Palestine, had the line been electrified with catenary, etc.?  How would electrification complicate derailments in general?

OTOH, in the event that a wreck takes down the catenary supports, I would imagine there are circuit breakers that will trip, lessening the hazard.  Depending on the sequence of events of the wreck, this could mean that the catenary won't be a contributor to fires.  Or may be the primary contributor...

I'm sure there are breaks in the catenary that would allow a section to be de-energized. The question then would be how long it would take for that to happen.  

As a firefighter, sometimes it takes a while before the local utility can show up and de-energize a line so it's no longer a hazard we have to handle.

The utilities usually have to ability to isolate remotely, but there's a question there of how large an area they would be shutting off by doing so.

For a freight wreck not involving spills or hazmat (Springfield, OH), there would be little reason for first responders to even approach the wreckage.  Passenger operations would be another story.

I would certainly want first responders/dispatch to be contacting the railroad ASAP.  Our fire dispatchers will sometimes contact the utility immediately if they have confirmation that power lines are involved, as opposed to waiting until first responders get on scene.

And like any response, a little pre-planning goes a long way.

LarryWhistling
Resident Microferroequinologist (at least at my house) 
Everyone goes home; Safety begins with you
My Opinion. Standard Disclaimers Apply. No Expiration Date
Come ride the rails with me!
There's one thing about humility - the moment you think you've got it, you've lost it...

  • Member since
    October 2014
  • 1,139 posts
Posted by Gramp on Sunday, April 9, 2023 10:26 PM

What I'd like to add in is the dawn of small nuclear reactors.  Not installed in locos.  Could a UP or BNSF supply its own electricity to its locos, and significantly lower its energy costs?

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Sunday, April 9, 2023 10:33 PM

Gramp
What I'd like to add in is the dawn of small nuclear reactors.  Not installed in locos.  Could a UP or BNSF supply its own electricity to its locos, and significantly lower its energy costs?

If the government tolerated self-insurance for even one of these, I'd be astounded; in addition it would be necessary to do something like extend Price-Anderson to potential accidents regarding them... and I don't see any prospective government even broaching the issue of statutory limitation.  (We sure ain't gonna see the latter readily after East Palestine!)

Railroad would have all the 'baggage' of dealing with permitting and the usual cost-escalating delays and pressure groups; it would have to provide, or expen$ively outsource, the added security against the usual suspects that would find small nuke plants an attractive nuisance; just think about the fun convincing absentee investor owners of having to account in advance for the full decommissioning costs.  And that's just for operation with no incidents.

  • Member since
    June 2009
  • From: Dallas, TX
  • 6,952 posts
Posted by CMStPnP on Monday, April 10, 2023 1:06 AM

BaltACD
I suspect, but don't know for a fact, that the downed live catenary wires might have created additional fires and been a issue with first responders until such time as the power was KNOWN to be deactivated.

Read starting on page 1-7......"downed Amtrak overhead power lines can arc up to three feet"...........holy crap!!!!     I did not know about the powered signal line mentioned in that same section.

https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/frs-ql/resources/files/swsj/operations/ncrcograil/NCRCOGRailManual2008.pdf

 

  • Member since
    August 2019
  • 260 posts
Posted by Psychot on Monday, April 10, 2023 4:57 AM

Given that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels, I would think something's going to have to give. The U.S. and Canadian governments aren't going to allow railroads to operate diesels in perpetuity.

  • Member since
    December 2001
  • From: Northern New York
  • 25,020 posts
Posted by tree68 on Monday, April 10, 2023 7:17 AM

CMStPnP
 I did not know about the powered signal line mentioned in that same section.

That was true even "back in the day" of pole lines with a plethora of wires.  One pair of the wires would carry power that could be used at remote stations for lighting.  Probably a single light bulb or two at any given location, but lighting nonetheless.  Commercial power was not as ubiquitous as it is now.

The wall mounted anchor point for said power is still visible on a section house along the Adirondack line.  It's a good distance off the beaten path.  There is no commercial power there today (they use battery lights and the way-more-than-adequate coal stove), and I doubt there ever was.

LarryWhistling
Resident Microferroequinologist (at least at my house) 
Everyone goes home; Safety begins with you
My Opinion. Standard Disclaimers Apply. No Expiration Date
Come ride the rails with me!
There's one thing about humility - the moment you think you've got it, you've lost it...

  • Member since
    July 2016
  • 2,631 posts
Posted by Backshop on Monday, April 10, 2023 9:19 AM

Two more questions...

1. Where's the electricity going to come from?

2. Who's going to pay the development costs for a small run of electric locomotives?

  • Member since
    February 2003
  • From: Guelph, Ontario
  • 4,819 posts
Posted by Ulrich on Monday, April 10, 2023 9:37 AM

The argument against electrification one invariably hears is that the distances are too vast here, and the cost of building and maintaining the  infrastructure would be astronomical and prohibitive. That's all true...but.. electification can nevertheless have an outsized positive impact by limiting it to one or two high density shorthaul corridors. By way of example,  consider CN's Kingston sub which connects Montreal and Toronto. This double tracked high speed subdivision punches far above its weight in terms ton miles (25+% of CN's total are generated on this division alone), and contribution to revenue etc.  Electrifying  this segment only, therefore, would have an outsized impact on cost reduction and efficiency for the entire company. Sometimes to think big one  has to think small. Electrifying the entire network would make no sense at all..electrifying one or two corridors, on the other hand, would likely result in massive efficiencies..

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Monday, April 10, 2023 9:46 AM

CMStPnP
"downed Amtrak overhead power lines can arc up to three feet"...........holy crap!!!!

And that's for the original spec 11kV.  Any likely 'future' freight electrification would be no less than 25kV, with 50kV being more likely.

When you learn about corona, the required safety and clearance issues begin to balloon at the higher voltages for freight service (especially when you have stacked 8'6" containers, and for comedy gold look at the cat height in India, where their double-stacks are on flat rather than well cars) -- this is a major consideration in the extent of punctate electrification.

Perhaps needless to say, even with PSR cost-cutting you're going to want an alert and knowledgeable 'power director' watching.  There won't be a repeat of Malbone St. where the power is repeatedly cycled through what might be many people; at least in the systems I'm planning there are external monitoring systems, and a good bridge to first responders, so that power can be cut quickly and selectively and, if necessary, operations conducted around the damage.

I did not know about the powered signal line mentioned in that same section.

Some of those lines were, IIRC, 4400V!

People tend to forget that extensive electrification into 'rural regions' didn't occur until the 1920s (and a combination of Wall Street revanche and New Deal grandstanding short-routed what would have been extensive private development, something that has nearly disappeared from industrial history).  Even where electrical service was being expanded, points of contact between the utility AC infrastructure and railroad ROWs might be both incidental and inadequate to supply more than the kind of energy needed to keep battery signals 'recharged'.

It's unsurprising that a pole line of any great length wouldn't have the same sort of high voltage to keep transmission losses down, even if the voltage was transformed low at the 'point of consumption'.

  • Member since
    January 2001
  • From: Atlanta
  • 11,971 posts
Posted by oltmannd on Monday, April 10, 2023 10:44 AM

caldreamer

Three simple questions need answered. Forget the cost of the electricity to go into the cantanery

1. What would the cost be per mile for the infrastructure String power lines to the  cantenary(I can hear the "NOT IN MY BACK YARD" now), the support poles, insulators and power wires?

2. Who will pay the billions to electrify the railroads?

3. Who will pay for the extra maintenance costs of maintaining the cantenary?

The Virginian, Great Northern and Apache railroads all had cantenary, but took it down in favor of diesel!!!

 

Well, Amtrak electrified from NH to Boston right through some pretty ritzy areas.

So, maybe not such a big deal.  Not quite like trying to secure new HSR alignments...

 

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

  • Member since
    January 2019
  • 1,686 posts
Posted by Erik_Mag on Monday, April 10, 2023 10:46 AM

Figure I'd add my $0.02 worth...

#1 problem with electrification is cost of installation with the cost of increasing overhead clearances amounting to half the overall cost. With regards to the latter, the battery/electric dual mode locomotive could make a huge difference by using battery power for areas of restricted clearance. The game changer is that suitable batteries are becoming available - i.e. chemistry compatible with 1,000's of charge/discharge cycles, high enough specific energy and high enough specific power.

#2 Is cost of electric power when it is needed. The Milwaukee pretty much shut down their Coast Division operations between 5PM and 6PM, because the demand charge was based on power consumption in that time period. Issue likely to be worse with renewable power as the RR's will still want to run trains when the sun isn't shining or the wind blowing. Batteries can help a bit, but are not the total solution.

#3 Opposition to overhead will almost certianly be a problem, NCTD's Sprinter service was done with DMU's instead of LRV's due to concerns about the overhead.

  • Member since
    January 2001
  • From: Atlanta
  • 11,971 posts
Posted by oltmannd on Monday, April 10, 2023 10:51 AM

Psychot

Given that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels, I would think something's going to have to give. The U.S. and Canadian governments aren't going to allow railroads to operate diesels in perpetuity.

 

...and RRs are currently chasing battery and fuel cell locomotives.  Why?  They don't want to have to learn anything new.  Doing electrification is hard.  You have to segregate and manage the locomotive fleet.  

RRs didn't like intermodal when they had box cars.  They didn't like autoracks when they had box cars.  They didn't like double stacks when they had flat cars. They didn't like unit trains when they had coal sorting plants.  Etc, etc. 

Most of this change gets forced on them.

This is a chance to get ahead of the curve a bit, instead of always trailing.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

  • Member since
    February 2005
  • 2,366 posts
Posted by timz on Monday, April 10, 2023 10:54 AM

Erik_Mag
The Milwaukee pretty much shut down their Coast Division operations between 5PM and 6PM

In its later years, you mean?
Erik_Mag
NCTD's Sprinter service
What's that?

  • Member since
    September 2017
  • 5,636 posts
Posted by charlie hebdo on Monday, April 10, 2023 11:20 AM

oltmannd

 

 
Psychot

Given that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels, I would think something's going to have to give. The U.S. and Canadian governments aren't going to allow railroads to operate diesels in perpetuity.

 

 

 

...and RRs are currently chasing battery and fuel cell locomotives.  Why?  They don't want to have to learn anything new.  Doing electrification is hard.  You have to segregate and manage the locomotive fleet.  

RRs didn't like intermodal when they had box cars.  They didn't like autoracks when they had box cars.  They didn't like double stacks when they had flat cars. They didn't like unit trains when they had coal sorting plants.  Etc, etc. 

Most of this change gets forced on them.

This is a chance to get ahead of the curve a bit, instead of always trailing.

 

Just think, back in the day when railroads were more progressive (1920s) they built elevated, grade separated ROWs along several lines in the Chicago area alone.

  • Member since
    July 2008
  • 2,325 posts
Posted by rdamon on Monday, April 10, 2023 12:52 PM

Port of LB, Alamedia Corridor to BNSF's new Intermodal Terminal outside of Barstow would be a good start for tri-mode (E-Bat-IC) operations. 

  • Member since
    February 2008
  • From: Potomac Yard
  • 2,767 posts
Posted by NittanyLion on Monday, April 10, 2023 2:00 PM

oltmannd
Well, Amtrak electrified from NH to Boston right through some pretty ritzy areas. So, maybe not such a big deal.  Not quite like trying to secure new HSR alignments...

Right here in my own neck of the woods, people have pre-bristled at the idea of stringing wire south of DC.  If it gets mentioned, vocal Alexandrians mention that they'll fight it if Amtrak, VRE, MARC, whoever wants to electrify south of Union Station.

  • Member since
    May 2010
  • 189 posts
Posted by northeaster on Monday, April 10, 2023 2:36 PM

ERIK_MAG: Some years ago, I read a piece about the Milwaukee electric operation that the first freight going west provided enough power going downslope with regenerative braking to pay for its return east in power use. Again years ago, I met a fellow traveling aboard probably The City of New Orleans who said he did the financial analysis which spelled the demise of the Milwaukee and said the biggest error in construction of the electric segment (to reduce initial costs) was in using cedar power support poles which rotted and were too expensive to replace with steel.

On the argument about opposition to electricfication from abutters; while many on this site enjoy hearing a trio of diesels running in notch 8, most abutters would like the hear the swish of an electric loco. Great discussion.

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Monday, April 10, 2023 2:41 PM

Do they dislike the idea because of thinking it'll look like the Gibbs & Hill PRR style, or because of the higher traffic density that would be imposed to 'justify' OHLE?

Constant-tension cat can have a very different (and more upscale) appearance if Government money gets spent.  And the whole zero-carbon renewable-energy thing may have tempered some of the effective NIMBY resistance... or opened opportunities for other groups to lobby as effectively.

  • Member since
    December 2017
  • From: I've been everywhere, man
  • 4,269 posts
Posted by SD70Dude on Monday, April 10, 2023 2:46 PM

NittanyLion
oltmannd
Well, Amtrak electrified from NH to Boston right through some pretty ritzy areas. So, maybe not such a big deal.  Not quite like trying to secure new HSR alignments...

Right here in my own neck of the woods, people have pre-bristled at the idea of stringing wire south of DC.  If it gets mentioned, vocal Alexandrians mention that they'll fight it if Amtrak, VRE, MARC, whoever wants to electrify south of Union Station.

On what legal grounds?

They are also being rather ignorant of how railroad electrification would reduce the amount of diesel exhaust in their area.  

Greetings from Alberta

-an Articulate Malcontent

Join our Community!

Our community is FREE to join. To participate you must either login or register for an account.

Search the Community

Newsletter Sign-Up

By signing up you may also receive occasional reader surveys and special offers from Trains magazine.Please view our privacy policy