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Railroading in 2040 article page 36 November issue

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Posted by MMLDelete on Sunday, October 11, 2020 10:27 PM

I didn't think the music-listening was  realistic either. Whether through speakers loud enough to drown out the loco noise, or via headphones, it seems like engineers will always need to be able to hear what's going on. Like alarms, things that just don't sound right and need investigation, radio calls, or even yelled emergency warnings from trackside individuals. "Stop! There's a semi stuck on the crossing ahead."

The article is an intesting read, though, even though a lot of the tech stuff goes over my head.

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Posted by Erik_Mag on Sunday, October 11, 2020 10:14 PM

jeffhergert

(Personally, I don't agree with the need to get rid of fixed blocks and the signalling that goes with them.  If PTC fails, and it does and it will at times, you have something to fall back on.

I'm not convinced that there is an effective replacement for the track circuit.

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Posted by jeffhergert on Sunday, October 11, 2020 9:58 PM

Since the other thread is more about plagiarism, I thought I'd try to revive this thread about what things might be like in 20 years.

I have an issue with about 12 or 13 things in the article.  Some you might partially see, others I don't think you'll see at that time.

First there is also a terminology mistake.  When you want to control remote DP consists independently (manually) from the lead locomotive, you don't "drop the fence," you put up the fence.  Currently you couldn't control all 4 consists independently.  You have some choice on what combination you want controlled in sync with the lead and controlled independently.  Linking and unlinking DP consists is a little bit more involved, requiring someone to do set up on both consists.  I think the almost automatic connecting/disconnecting in the article won't happen.  I do think there will be utility employees at yards to help out during these processes.

Currently, your cell phone has to be OFF and stowed in your luggage.  Maybe they will relax the regulation, but I doubt it.  I'm not sure about the finger print thing.  To log into and initialize PTC we have to enter our employee ID number and AVR (automated voice response) password.  And I don't expect they'll allow a lone employee to listen to music while toolin' down the rails.  

Once with PTC working, you don't see other trains on the operating map display.  I doubt in the future this will change.  There's no reason for it.  While it's always nice to know why you're getting hosed at a control point, it's not critical information the train crew necessarily needs to know.  Plus, if you have the PTC screen why do you still have a cab signal?  If you have "rolling blocks" (no permanent track circuit block boundries) you don't need waysides or cab signals.  (Personally, I don't agree with the need to get rid of fixed blocks and the signalling that goes with them.  If PTC fails, and it does and it will at times, you have something to fall back on.  Verbal Absolute Blocking is more unsafe than leaving legacy signalling in place.  Unless when PTC and your other alphabet soup of control systems fail you plan on letting a train sit until rescue by another working engine comes along.)  Also, I think even with a communications based, "rolling block" system there will still be some kind of track circuit blocks.  Not for signalling but for broken rail detection.  

Speaking of crews.  I do think most trains will be single person.  They may not be called locomotive engineers anymore.  They will normally, outside of terminal areas and when switching, mostly monitor the computer who will be operating the train.  It'll be what some call, attended automation.  The employee will only operate over the road when the computer, for whatever reason, cuts out.  And it at times will.  The part where errors, and to me implied failures, will be rare is BS.  They may be minor, that may be temporary-only for a portion of a trip, and a single employee may go for weeks or months without personally having a glitch.  But it will happen.  (That's why earlier I asked about Rio Tinto's failure rate.)  

I don't think you'll see all those sensors, and especially, the back up cameras on cars.  They are working on some of these things, but I think the vast majority of the car fleet won't have those items yet.  I'm not sure about ECP.  I think you'll see some of the fleet equipped for dual ECP/Conventional operation.  I think 20 years is to soon for the entire fleet to be converted. 

I don't think you'll see electrification outside of some of the major metro areas on the (mostly) east and west coasts.  I could see a move away from diesel fuel elsewhere, but not widespread electrification.  Unless they can get the  government to pay for it all.  Highly doubtful. 

I can see the railroads, the major ones, leasing or selling much of their secondary and branch line networks and becoming mostly line haul companies.  With or without forced reciprocal switching.  I think yards that remain with class ones may be operated by contract switching companies.  This is already being done in a few places.  Maintenance of Way and equipment and communications may also see more work being contracted out.  There is already a trend to use contract for some MOW and communications project.  The major carriers are pushing for more.

Which brings me to something not mentioned in this article.  I haven't read Don's original story in quite awhile and don't remember if he touched on it either.  The major railroads are heavily unionized.  They operate under the Railway Labor Act.  One provision, that gives labor what power it still has, is it allows Union Shop agreements.  That is, to work for a company that is party to such an agreement, you have to join one of the recognized railroad unions.  (You can, at least in Right to Work states, partially opt out of full membership.  Only paying dues that go to the maintenance of your working contract and conditions.  Such as if you go to a disciplinary investigation, you still are represented by the union and you are paying for that.)  There have been attempts to repeal or revise parts of the RLA as part of a national Right to Work law.  If this happens I look for the unions to eventually fade away.  They will have little negotiating power, if they aren't outright decertified.  Many of this future vision will either have to be negotiated if there are unions, or unilaterally imposed if there aren't.  I would think for some of these future predictions to happen in the time frame given, it will have to be imposed rather than negotiated.

The biggest hurdle to the future isn't technological or employee related.  It's management and the vocal activist short term investors.  As long as there are enough well heeled stockholders who are happy making as much money as possible in the short term on stock price and sucking out as much value as possible on the same or declining volumes, and eventually revenues, the future as presented doesn't have a chance.

Sorry for rambling and/or jumping around a bit on items.   

Jeff 

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Posted by Overmod on Saturday, October 3, 2020 6:01 PM

In my opinion, it would be highly logical to discuss the technical specifics in the article in this present thread, and leave the other one to its discussion of ethics and perceived remediation or author credit.  As I have not read the Trains article, I can't comment on any specifics other than those already mentioned as present.  I say this with no disrespect to Don Oltmann, whose blog entry on this topic remains just as thought-provoking and valid as it was when written.  

I also think we can at some point 'compare and contrast' this with other 'visions' including that which Don Oltmann so splendidly wrote up.  As some of the differences in technology involve things dear to me, such as incremental implementation of islanded catenary with either full-hybrid or 'dual-mode-lite' power in lieu of full buildout for electric operation, it might be useful to concentrate on discussing the differences rather than the similarities ... here.

I said in the other thread that I thought it would have been better for Trains to publish an article on "Visions of railroading in 2040", not just the one adapted article that is turning out to cause so much fuss.  One very obvious alternative would be that put forward by ttrraaffiicc and Bruce Gillings, in which autonomous road chassis increasingly, and then in their view completely, supplant rail freight transportation.  That may not be palatable to many reading a rail-enthusiast magazine (just as it was when presented to many posters here) but it is at least thought-provoking, and some of the details will certainly contribute to shaping railroading a couple of decades from now.

There is little question that 'standardizing' catenary transversion (or any other method of energy provision or storage) should be made around properly filtered and spike-protected DC-link voltage for AC synthesis drive and control.  To the extent that may differ by locomotive type (or conversion kit)  it should be relatively simple to set this, perhaps as a version of multipower (say, 11/12.5/25kV vs. 1500 to 3000VDC) where American practice might call for it.

I also think there are numerous reasons, and a credible technical upgrade path, to adopting ECP braking for large numbers of freights, and ultimately to full interchange compatibility.  An intermediate step might be implementation of computer controls for brake systems that make some of the effects of the changeover less dangerous to crews who have become familiar with one or the other system and have to operate using the other 'conventions'.  Both major suppliers of ECP equipment have provided versions that are easily convertible from one to the other system in the field; this makes adoption or 'cutover' a relatively simple, and prospectively massively parallel, process; I can't imagine a country-wide 'cutover' to substantial ECP operation involving more time than gauge conversion in the 1880s -- probably even with penny-pinching modern (mis) management

Multiple-tracking many 'bottlenecks', not just Tehachapi, are or ought to be priority projects -- especially for properly-administered government 'improvement' initiatives that get the best 'bang for the buck' even with continued private ROW ownership.

In my opinion it was ridiculous to continue any kind of wayside legacy block signaling in an age of PTC, CBTC, and intelligent (and robust, and redundant) cab-signal display.  We have been paying, sometimes in blood, for retaining defective ideas of both block and route wayside indications, while not bothering with the one real place fixed waysides are essential: home and distant indications.

Now we've spent heaven knows how much on replacing signal plant that could have been utilized for, say, ECP transition or locomotive valve replacement to fleet compatibility, and still have accidents related to signal confusion.

Perhaps the most interesting 'timeless topic' is that of autonomous operation.  For a wide variety of reasons reached over an extended period of time and thought, I cannot imagine any train not having a manned 'presence' -- but not the engineer.  It is perfectly possible to implement effective 'telepresence' even using current PTC bandwidth to allow trains to be operated semi-autonomously, backed up by a suite of AI/ES, under the supervision and where appropriate active continuous control of engineers working, like current dispatchers, out of centralized facilities convenient to where they live.  When they're called they easily drive to a known location, and when they mark off they go out and go home -- no more silly vans to the middle of nowhere, no wasted hours to take a train, easy reassignment to other jobs if a given train isn't "ready" -- etc. etc. etc.

The person on board the train for emergent issues, fixing potential mechanical issues, doing manual switch changes, etc. is an appropriately abled "conductor" -- remember 'superconductors'?  Those now become flying maintenance squads, but not substitutes for a physical presence in the engine cab at all times.

Certainly until full proportional ECP is reliably present, with some of the worst programming errors taken out, it would be impossible to handle the large mixed or blocked freight consists in modern "PSR" operation fully autonomously, no matter how effective the technology can be made to simulate full proportional operation.  There is simply too much momentum, and too many environmental uncertainties, to make that more than an armchair engineer's pipe dream.  What could be built instead, though, even by the early 2040s, is highly interesting.

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Posted by M636C on Saturday, October 3, 2020 5:33 PM

I'm disappointed that a second thread on this subject was started by another poster, even if he believed that his ideas were copied. I understood that forum protocol was to use an established thread, even if you are disputing something...

Sadly any discussion of the content appears to have disappeared.

Peter

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Posted by jeffhergert on Monday, September 28, 2020 9:26 PM

Is there any information on the failure rate for Rio Tinto trains?  I would guess it's within an "acceptable" limit. 

While we don't have the full blown automatic capability, we do have some of the 'auto throttle' feature made by some of the same suppliers to Rio Tinto.  I will say it works pretty good, but it does fail on occasion.  We also have break in two zones where we have to shut off the automatic control on certain trains because it tears too many apart.

You won't see ECP on trains anytime soon here.  Even on the trains that might benefit from it.  As long as PSR/share holder value uber alles is the name of the day they won't spend money if they don't have too.

Jeff

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Railroading in 2040 article page 36 November issue
Posted by M636C on Monday, September 28, 2020 8:45 PM

Predicting the future is fraught with difficulties, but Colin Hakeman has provided a convincing narrative. This seems a good article to discuss on the forum. Please note that Colin does post on these forums, so we should probably be polite where we disagree.

I am posting from Australia, and my friends have generally indicated that we wouldn't expect to have train crew on board for a line haul in twenty years' time. This is based on Rio Tinto already running trains without crew on line haul, and to a lesser extent, the Sydney Metro system which operates automatically. there are personnel on board, but the controls are locked up and only used in case of a major failure.

I think that voltages well above 600 volts could be used to directly drive coventional AC traction locomotives. I am pretty sure that 1500 volts DC can be fed directly to the DC bus of an inverter powering AC traction motors. The New South Wales Railways have ordered dual mode diesel and 1500 volts DC vehicles for regional and outer suburban commuter service. These are not currently intended to use batteries, but on a number of significant grades the track is already electrified for shorter distance commuter trains, and a significant fuel saving is expected. It also will effectively eliminate exhaust fumes in the major terminal station in Sydney. Interestingly, the trains were initially ordered as straight diesel-electric with AC traction, and it was realised that the electric mode could be added for not much more than the cost of a pantograph and a high voltage circuit breaker.

The other thing I might expect is that visible signals will be eliminated. Rio Tinto eliminated visible signals before 2004, possibly twenty years ago, and all data was displayed on the screens of the locomotives, including a recommended speed (it showed zero for Stop). That same system is supplying data for the "Autohaul" trains now. However, BHP, who still have manned locomotives, have also eliminated visible signals on the main line, at least five years ago, relying on data displayed on screens in the cab. So the introductory photo in the article might not be appropriate (although I doubt Colin had any say in that).

Colin has assumed ECP braking would be adopted, at least for some traffic, by 2040. In Australia, all four private iron ore roads have adopted ECP braking for all traffic. This would imply that more than two thirds of iron ore traffic in Australia uses ECP braking. About half of the coal traffic in Australia uses ECP braking, and none of this is on isolated private systems. The coal trains are intermixed with intermodal and commuter trains in the Hunter Valley and with passenger and intermodal trains in Queensland, and in both locations, there are older coal trains with conventional Westinghouse brakes. So I find it hard to understand why ECP has not been adopted in the USA, particularly since the equipment used in Australia all meets AAR recomended practices.

And I would hope we don't have to wait twenty years for double track to be extended all the way around the Tehachapi loop, as suggested by the article. Surely UP could double track the "tunnel" under the loop at Waylong in a single weekend...

Peter

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