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Manual interlocking?

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Posted by jeffhergert on Sunday, October 4, 2020 8:01 PM

I found this video about a British school for signalmen.  Check out the model of interlocking machines.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDFYtMpN-yQ 

Jeff

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Sunday, October 4, 2020 8:12 PM

Question on a 2 MT  line interlocking

At the interlocking track 2 has  turnouts A to track 1  then turnouts B from track 1 to track 2.  track 2 is out of serice between A and B but not interferring with A or B.  Can a train appproaching A be routed to track 1 then back to track 2 on B ?  I can imagine the possibilities on the NEC 4 tracks with a train on track 4 going to track1 then back to tracks 2,3, or 4 .   Would this be possible at all interlockings or just some ?

Now what would the signal aspects and displays for such moves.  Can imagine might different for different RR divisions and whether speed signaling or route signaling is used? Cannot imagine how the signaling on the old B&O CPLs.  Balt is this movement possible at AF and once it becomes 4 MT ?

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Posted by tree68 on Sunday, October 4, 2020 10:15 PM

blue streak 1
 Cannot imagine how the signaling on the old B&O CPLs.

I believe the appropriate aspect would be either green or amber with the lower center marker lit. 

That's based partly on the rules, and partly on observation of operations at Deshler.

Clarifications and extensions welcome.

 

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Posted by MMLDelete on Sunday, October 4, 2020 11:05 PM

Jeff wrote earlier in this thread: "An 'automatic' interlocking lines up a route automatically when a train hits the approach circuit. First train gets the light."

How does the automation know which route the train is supposed to take?

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Posted by Overmod on Sunday, October 4, 2020 11:24 PM

Lithonia Operator
How does the automation know which route the train is supposed to take?

TL;DR: additional intelligence and executive action is involved for anything but a plain crossing at grade.

In 'traditional' CTC the route is selected by the dispatcher, and lined for each step "before the train gets there".

Jeff's version is a little more like an automatic version of the north end of the 'Races to the North' in late Victorian England where the two competitors had to 'share' a single track at the end, with the 'first to get there' getting the occupancy.  That still involves someone determining routes in either direction through the plant, and then lining things physically according to the "choice" for the train first getting to the limits (and knocking down or choosing an alternate route or hold on the later one).  If you are clever you can have a computer do this with speed and efficiency, but if you are wise you will always have a human in attendance on it.

Note the extension of Jeff's idea to a world in which there is proper CBTC and cab signaling with no non-emergency waysides.  Each cab display is nearly continually updated (e.g. once every 6 seconds) with advisory display of all other traffic; if there is going to be a 'close call' it can be avoided by predictive logic well ahead of the point that the first train reaches the 'decision point'.  The line might be chosen to expedite the 'first' train, or it might give precedence to the modern equivalent of a 'superior' train or class -- for example loaded Z trains over manifests, or trains with crews starting to run foul of hours of service.  Incremental adaptation of whatever LEADERlike speed/grade profile is being used then follows to adjust train speed with minimum opportunity cost in order to get everything through the interlocking expeditiously.  (Repeat this continuously for all such points across the network -- hence the computers with AI/ES Whistling

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Posted by BaltACD on Monday, October 5, 2020 6:32 AM

Lithonia Operator
Jeff wrote earlier in this thread: "An 'automatic' interlocking lines up a route automatically when a train hits the approach circuit. First train gets the light."

How does the automation know which route the train is supposed to take?

Automatic interlocked railroad crossings at grade contain no turnouts - straight track moves for all routes.

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Posted by daveklepper on Monday, October 5, 2020 7:40 AM

In my proposed answer to the very fdifficult deverging-route problem at Shell Interlocking, which I did as an unpaid Klepper-Marshall-King project for my goםd friend Noah Caplin, planner at Metro North, while I was a Metro-North reverse-commuter, entrance-and-exit control, with a computer-system or very complex solid-state relay actual control of switches and signals, will be necessary to minimize delays with the maximum number of same-time parallel movements:

 

 

  Amtrak had pushed for a simpler and more straight-forward solution:  Going west from New Rochell, the four tracks through the station would become six, and each track between the local  and express track in each direction would rise and fly-over for the Pwenn. Sta. direction.  But this would have required considerable widening of the RoW at the choke point, meaning removal of many homes and business, and streets.  East of the station, MN has plenty of land, where there once were a coach yard, rounhouse, and turntable.

Track 5 is the old Harlem River Shuttle siding, not use often now, but still there.

 

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Posted by MP173 on Monday, October 5, 2020 9:03 AM

I just stumbled across this discussion, sorry to be late to the party.

I have always been a "tower fan" - back in the 70s there were several towers/cabins which I would spend the day, with permission from the operator.  Those days are long gone.  The last tower I visited (with permission) was in Springfield, Il - Ridgely Tower...was invited upstairs by the operator...back in 2007 I was in transit to a customer in Western Il, and stopped by.  The tower featured Armstrong levers and the associated hardware.  

Friendly operator and I could have stayed all shift, but a 1030am appointment got me on the road.  The operator indicated (at the time) Ridgely was in no danger of closing as the investment would be over $9 million.  He indicated only five towers existed on UP at that time - Lennox Tower in Mitchell, Lake St and Clybourn in Chicago and Avondale Tower in Louisiana and Ridgely.

On April 7, 2010 I again stopped at Ridgely and the operator indicated "30 more days"...new hardware was in place.  That was my last visit to Ridgely.  

Not sure how many towers are still operating.  Here in NW Indiana, I can think of two - Hick on the NS and the bridge at Michigan City on Amtrak Michigan line.  Both control bridges.

I am happy these days to find towers still in existance. I know the Marion, Oh tower is operating as a museum. There are a few in Chicago still in operation (correct me if wrong), but there is no way one will be invited into those.

There is a very nice tower at Berea, Oh still standing...in fact I monitor the Berea webcam (and scanner) and the tower is on my other computer screen as we speak.

The most knowledgeable expert on towers is Jon Roma.  Google him and you will find a wealth of information on his web site.

Towers were great places to visit, as long as one was invited and stayed out of the way.  During my travels in the 1990s, I would come across abandoned towers in Illinois (Momence, and Tuscola come to mind) and I would enter the towers and help myself to old "Train Movement" records...usually bundled by month.

Ed

 

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Posted by cv_acr on Monday, October 5, 2020 9:11 AM

Lithonia Operator

Jeff wrote earlier in this thread: "An 'automatic' interlocking lines up a route automatically when a train hits the approach circuit. First train gets the light."

How does the automation know which route the train is supposed to take?

 

Most "automatic" interlockings are protecting diamond crossings - there are no complicated routes, just preventing both railways from occupying it at the same time.

There is an "approach" circuit with a timer, when a train occupies the approach block it triggers the interlocking and clears the signal. A train approaching on the other railroad will NOT get a clear signal because the first railroad hit it first.

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Posted by cv_acr on Monday, October 5, 2020 10:27 AM

blue streak 1

Question on a 2 MT  line interlocking

At the interlocking track 2 has  turnouts A to track 1  then turnouts B from track 1 to track 2.  track 2 is out of serice between A and B but not interferring with A or B.  Can a train appproaching A be routed to track 1 then back to track 2 on B ?  I can imagine the possibilities on the NEC 4 tracks with a train on track 4 going to track1 then back to tracks 2,3, or 4 .   Would this be possible at all interlockings or just some ?

Now what would the signal aspects and displays for such moves.  Can imagine might different for different RR divisions and whether speed signaling or route signaling is used? Cannot imagine how the signaling on the old B&O CPLs.  Balt is this movement possible at AF and once it becomes 4 MT ?

Specific indications depend on the RR, since RRs have different styles of signals and sets of indications/signal rules.

However, there is a general logic to how things work that can help determine what the answer is.

Basically there are two general types of signal systems: Route signalling, and Speed signalling.

Route signalling basically gives simple "clear" or "diverging" aspects, and the crew must figure out their speed based on TT speed restrictions at that point. Speed signalling actually specifies the speed restrictions for the turnouts in the indications.

Back to the question.

If you go straight on one track, you can get a "clear" indication.

If you cross from one track to another, you'll get a "diverging" (route) indication, or a reduced speed (limited (45), medium (30), or slow (15) depending on the design rating of the turnouts.

If you cross from one track and back to the first, you're still going through those switches so you'll basically get the same indication as above.

If the interlocking has more than two tracks, it's really the same. Diverging or limited/medium/slow indications based on the switches you're going through, based on the most restricted set of turnouts you're using. If all the turnouts are identical, you'll pretty much get the same signal indication to any track other than straight through.

 

B&O's CPL signals are speed signals - you figure out what speeds and indications can be displayed in your situation(s) (eg. "Medium Clear", "Slow Approach", etc. etc.) then use the signal charts from whatever system you want to use to determine what those aspects look like.

https://www.railroadsignals.us/signals/cpl/CPLaspects.jpg

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Posted by MMLDelete on Monday, October 5, 2020 10:40 PM

cv_acr

 

 
Lithonia Operator

Jeff wrote earlier in this thread: "An 'automatic' interlocking lines up a route automatically when a train hits the approach circuit. First train gets the light."

How does the automation know which route the train is supposed to take?

 

 

 

Most "automatic" interlockings are protecting diamond crossings - there are no complicated routes, just preventing both railways from occupying it at the same time.

There is an "approach" circuit with a timer, when a train occupies the approach block it triggers the interlocking and clears the signal. A train approaching on the other railroad will NOT get a clear signal because the first railroad hit it first.

 

Thanks, Chris.

I wouldn't have thought a simple diamond would ever be referred to as an interlocking.

I guess I don't really understand the meaning "interlocking," in the broadest sense. I thought an interlocking always involved at least two switches (and often many more), and provided an option (or options) to change routes. And I thought that the switches were connected in a way that when one route was aligned, it was physically impossible for any conflicting route to be aligned. And that the signaling would also support only one route, and forbid all conflicts.

So what is the most basic definition of a railroad interlocking? I never dreamed that a simple diamond would qualify.

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Posted by Electroliner 1935 on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 12:22 AM

Lithonia Operator
I wouldn't have thought a simple diamond would ever be referred to as an interlocking.

As I describe below, one of the interlockings I was at was at Dunrieth IN where a single track NKP branch line crossed the double track PCC&StL (PRR) main line to St Louis. No switches. just two diamonds and signals. I believe there were derails on the NKP. But that was over sixty years ago.

 

As I approach my 85th year on this planet, this thread makes me realize how much has changed in that time. I had joined the Cincinnati Rail Road Club while in high school and gone on some of their fan trips. They met in Union Station (CUS) and there were multiple trips to its tower. It housed a large electropneumatic interlocking machine that had three or four switch operators and a supervisor calling the routings. And it was a very busy place. Seven railroads, cars transferred between trains such as NYC to/from Southern and C&O, PRR to L&N. Steam was still in use on the NYC, N&W, PRR, & B&O but diesels were on many.
 Back in 1956, as part of my Engineering college curriculum, I had to choose a Co-op employer. Being a fan of trains and the fact that they paid better than many others, I chose the Pennsylvania RR. My college had three seven-week class periods interlaced with eight-week work periods and a total of five weeks of vacation. In the fifties, the PRR had what they designated as the BUCKEYE region which was based in Cincinnati. I was assigned to the Signal and Communications part of their Engineering Department. I never counted the number of interlocking towers but I think there were more than sixty. Not all were PRR. It depended on who was needing to cross an existing railroad. I think the simplest tower I saw was at Dunrieth IN where a Nickle Plate branch to Rushville crossed the double track PRR main line between Indianapolis and Richmond. It was a small Armstrong plant which at one time had pipe connected semaphore signals which had been replaced with PRR position light signals.
As Balt can relate, B&O had a number of locations where there was no interlocking, just manual switch operators working out of a small shelter and using hand signals to move trains. He worked for a while at Storrs, the B&O’s
Cincinnati Union Station connection to the B&O’s line to St Louis.  The B&O’s trains going East from CUS passed a tower (RH) at the North end of the Queensgate yard, made their stop at Winton Place, then passed NA tower where the NYC joined the B&O and where the B&O’s connection to the CH&D (to Toledo) was made. Then came Norwood and East Norwood (which the PRR & N&W passenger trains used to go to CUS) and then Loveland where the B&O and PRR crossed.
And for a railfan, this was wonderful, as the B&O had 3 daily trains to Detroit, 3 to Washington, the PRR had 3 to Chicago, 4 to Pittsburg, the NYC had 4 to Cleveland, & 2 to Detroit, and the N&W had 3 to Norfolk. All stopping at Winton Place. CUS also had C&O, L&N and Southern trains plus 3 B&O to St Louis, 1 to Louisville, and NYC had 5 trains to Chicago entering the South throat of CUS.
When you look at maps of Indiana and Ohio and think about all the railroads that crossed other railroads and think of how many interlocking plants existed and are no more it is kind of mind blowing. And that each tower required 4.2 men to man them.
 
Oh, also while in college, I fell in love with a nursing student and married her. She came from the little town of Quincy OH which had a tower where the D.T.&I. crossed the NYC. It housed an armstrong type interlocking and very friendly operators.  Two diamonds and as there was an interchange track and SW & NW connecting tracks, and crossovers, most pipe operated. I sometimes wished I could have spent more time there. It had the first hot box detector recorder I ever saw. Actual detector was about a mile north on the DT&I.
 
 

 

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Posted by cv_acr on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 8:33 AM

Lithonia Operator

I wouldn't have thought a simple diamond would ever be referred to as an interlocking.

I guess I don't really understand the meaning "interlocking," in the broadest sense. I thought an interlocking always involved at least two switches (and often many more), and provided an option (or options) to change routes. And I thought that the switches were connected in a way that when one route was aligned, it was physically impossible for any conflicting route to be aligned. And that the signaling would also support only one route, and forbid all conflicts.

So what is the most basic definition of a railroad interlocking? I never dreamed that a simple diamond would qualify.

 

No, an interlocking doesn't actually have to have switches.

It's a set of signals that are "interlocked" together so that conflicting routes cannot be set up.

In the case of a diamond crossing, you cannot allow both routes to use it at the same time, so signals are interlocked so that if a route is cleared in one direction, nothing can be lined on the crossing route.

If an interlocking does include switches, the switches are also interlocked so that 

1) signals cannot be cleared when a switch is thrown against the route

2) switches cannot be moved if a route is already cleared over the switch(es)

3) conflicting routes cannot be cleared

 

If there are no switches 1 and 2 obviously don't apply but 3 certainly still does.

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Posted by CSSHEGEWISCH on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 10:18 AM

Consider that Brighton Park was not an interlocking until recently.  All trains had to make a statutory stop and be flagged or manually signalled across by the watchman.

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Posted by jeffhergert on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 10:34 AM

In 1964 at Montgomery IL on the CB&Q there was a collision between a detouring Rock Island passenger train and a Burlington passenger train.  It happened at a manual interlocking which was being modified.  During the modification process, it temporarily, under certain conditions, allowed a confilicting route to be lined up.  IIRC, this was known and a reminder note left for the operators.  The link has some info and pictures of the aftermath.

http://railfan44.blogspot.com/2014/01/major-passenger-train-wreck-montgomery.html 

Jeff

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Posted by tree68 on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 2:15 PM

More than a few diamonds had a simple smashboard that swung across one track or the other, no doubt with some time restriction.

LarryWhistling
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Posted by MMLDelete on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 9:46 PM

Jeff, thanks for posting that link.

 

Lord, what a horrible accident. The impact relative speed was approx. 59 mph (59 + 0). I wonder what the highest ever relative-speed train collision was. I'm guessing it could be well above 120 mph.

 

The sound of that Montgomery Tower crash must have been ghastly.

 

The article says three died, but comments below say four.

BTW, the article states, "An interlocking plant is a location where trains may switch tracks, enter a train yard, or diverge to a different line," and I've always thought it was confined to that.

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Posted by jeffhergert on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 9:50 PM

tree68

More than a few diamonds had a simple smashboard that swung across one track or the other, no doubt with some time restriction.

 

Those kinds are still around.  There's one at Tara IA that protects the UP crossing the CN (ex-IC).  It's manually operated, a UP crewmember must swing the gate across the CN.  The CN has CTC from Tara eastward to Ft. Dodge, IA, about 8 or 10 miles and I think the UP crossing is within the signalled territory so the gate is probably connected to the CN's signal system.

Some places where two low trafficed lines cross, the diamonds are only protected by a stop sign.  Stop, look both ways, blow and go.

Jeff   

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Posted by mvlandsw on Wednesday, October 7, 2020 12:47 AM

blue streak 1 wrote the following post 2 days ago:

"Question on a 2 MT  line interlocking

At the interlocking track 2 has  turnouts A to track 1  then turnouts B from track 1 to track 2.  track 2 is out of serice between A and B but not interferring with A or B.  Can a train appproaching A be routed to track 1 then back to track 2 on B ? "

   I did that on the P&LE's CTC once. I stopped at a red signal and went to the phone (before radio days). The dispatcher said he was going to loop us around. I said What?? He said one of the crossovers would not return to normal so we would crossover to #1 track and then right back to #2. He could not line a signal for the move so he gave permission by the red signal.

Mark Vinski

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