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Wind and Coal

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Wind and Coal
Posted by PJS1 on Friday, March 3, 2017 9:10 AM

Recently I observed a BNSF coal train – the cars are owned by NRG - that appeared to be in route from Wyoming to Houston.  The coal in each of the hopper cars looked like someone had smoothed it over with a shovel.  I am guessing it was the work of the wind created by the forward movement of the train.

What percentage of coal would be blown away on a typical trip from Wyoming to south Texas?  Would the loss be even over the length of the train? 

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Posted by Mookie on Friday, March 3, 2017 9:14 AM

Someone else will go into this in depth - but short answer - they spray the coal (think hair and hairspray) for the trip from the mine to the destination.

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Posted by BaltACD on Friday, March 3, 2017 9:20 AM

Don't know about the answer to your question.

However, over several years (I don't know how many) the Powder River joint line had serious ballast fouling from the fines coming from the loaded coal trains using the trackage.  The fouling was so bad that the carriers formulated a requirment that the loading sites had to apply a solution to keep the fines from blowing off the loads.

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/11/03/coal-train-dust-contained/3423667/

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Posted by tree68 on Friday, March 3, 2017 10:59 AM

Don't know where it was coming from, or where it was going to, but I saw a coal train passing EB through Utica, NY a couple years ago that was surrounded by a black cloud.  Either it wasn't sprayed, or the spray had worn off...

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Posted by RME on Friday, March 3, 2017 11:01 AM

tree68
Either it wasn't sprayed, or the spray had worn off...

Perhaps the coal was beginning to decompose and spall off more fines.  If I remember correctly a number of grades of PRB subbituminous are prone to this.

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Posted by Mookie on Friday, March 3, 2017 11:56 AM

Even to an untrained eye, when coal trains are sprayed it really shows.  My driver (yes it is my husband who won't let me drive if he can help it) watched a small chunk of coal go by riding on the frame of the gon with no jiggle, no movement, just glued to the frame.

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Posted by PJS1 on Friday, March 3, 2017 12:16 PM

Mookie

Someone else will go into this in depth - but short answer - they spray the coal (think hair and hairspray) for the trip from the mine to the destination. 

In addition to heaps of coal trains, there are also a lot of gravel and sand trains running running through Texas.  The gravel at least is in open hopper cars.  Would it too be sprayed?

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Posted by Mookie on Friday, March 3, 2017 12:37 PM

You know that we are both novices at this, but we will visit until the big guys come in and take over.  We have both sand and gravel thru here - sand is usually in a small covered hopper, for obvious reasons.  Gravel, I can't see into those gons like I can the coal, which is piled up in "loaves".  I don't know of a time that coal would ever travel in a closed gon like sand.  

A couple of things come to mind - coal trains are some of the longest trains that pass thru here besides mixed freight.  You don't want that much coal flapping in the breeze.  Gravel is heavy enough to not be bothered by wind and they don't fill it above the gon side like coal.  Because of weight, they use a lower profile gon.  

Sand - covered in a short, squatty hopper car.  

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Posted by RME on Friday, March 3, 2017 12:50 PM

Mookie
I don't know of a time that coal would ever travel in a closed gon like sand.

There are really good reasons - like the risk of fire and explosion.

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Posted by edblysard on Friday, March 3, 2017 12:52 PM

JPS1

Recently I observed a BNSF coal train – the cars are owned by NRG - that appeared to be in route from Wyoming to Houston.  The coal in each of the hopper cars looked like someone had smoothed it over with a shovel.  I am guessing it was the work of the wind created by the forward movement of the train.

What percentage of coal would be blown away on a typical trip from Wyoming to south Texas?  Would the loss be even over the length of the train? 

 

If you mean the top of the coal was flattened smooth and level, the oad out does that when loading the car, keeps wind resistance down along with mookies hair spray!

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Posted by Euclid on Friday, March 3, 2017 1:04 PM

I have seen products designed as covers for coal hoppers that can be opened for loading and closed for the haul.  They were alternatives to spraying the coal for dust suppression. 

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Posted by samfp1943 on Friday, March 3, 2017 1:32 PM

Euclid

I have seen products designed as covers for coal hoppers that can be opened for loading and closed for the haul.  They were alternatives to spraying the coal for dust suppression. 

 

 

    Most of the Coal trains that do come throug here are open gons, and do not seem to be blowing off any dust.   The only trains that come thru here that are covered is apparently. the cattle feed, supplement train of which each car is tarped. [The one jeff h. mentioned in a post,recently.] 

 

 


 

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Posted by BaltACD on Friday, March 3, 2017 1:40 PM

Mookie
You know that we are both novices at this, but we will visit until the big guys come in and take over.  We have both sand and gravel thru here - sand is usually in a small covered hopper, for obvious reasons.  Gravel, I can't see into those gons like I can the coal, which is piled up in "loaves".  I don't know of a time that coal would ever travel in a closed gon like sand.  

A couple of things come to mind - coal trains are some of the longest trains that pass thru here besides mixed freight.  You don't want that much coal flapping in the breeze.  Gravel is heavy enough to not be bothered by wind and they don't fill it above the gon side like coal.  Because of weight, they use a lower profile gon.  

Sand - covered in a short, squatty hopper car. 

Cars used to haul bulk commodities are sized to fit the 'specific gravity' of the commodity and its need for protection from the elements. 

Iron Ore - real heavy and shipped in the short wheel base ore jennys in iron or country (shipped in coal hoppers elsewhere and comes nowhere near filling the cube of the car - visually the car is empty, except for the compressed springs and all the creaking done when it is moved).

River run gravel is realtively heavy, but not as heavy as iron ore and thus gons have adequate cube and capacity to handle it.

Sand (now mostly frac sand) is relatively heavy and needs protection from the elements and gets shipped in small cube covered hoppers.

Coal hoppers are sized to handle coal.

Weight and size of commodity are the reason in the container world you have 20 foot, 40 foot, 48 foot and 53 foot containers - and they all have relatively THE SAME maximum gross weight allowed.

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Posted by kgbw49 on Friday, March 3, 2017 5:25 PM

In Australia the coal hoppers seem to have higher sides and they load them to a point with little or no amount above the sides...

Image result for australian coal trains

Image result for australian coal trains

Image result for australian coal trains

Image result for australian coal trains

Then there were "old school" cars...

Related image

 

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Posted by Murphy Siding on Friday, March 3, 2017 5:38 PM

JPS1

 

 
Mookie

Someone else will go into this in depth - but short answer - they spray the coal (think hair and hairspray) for the trip from the mine to the destination. 

 

In addition to heaps of coal trains, there are also a lot of gravel and sand trains running running through Texas.  The gravel at least is in open hopper cars.  Would it too be sprayed?

 

I'd think that most gravel is pretty hard and not prone to fragmenting under constant jostling like coal would. To me, coal would be similar to a gondola full of powdered sugar doughnut balls. I think that would be pretty dusty, in a sense.

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Posted by Mookie on Friday, March 3, 2017 5:44 PM

Murphy Siding
a gondola full of powdered sugar doughnut balls

Send one of those down here, eh?  

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Posted by BaltACD on Friday, March 3, 2017 6:07 PM

kgbw49

Image result for australian coal trains

I certainly hope the signal closest to the lights is for the track that is closest to the lights - otherwise we have a big problem with the train that is right next to the signal - unless Green means Stop.

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Posted by Deggesty on Friday, March 3, 2017 6:28 PM

Could it mean "stop" to an Orangeman? Smile

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Posted by Jackflash on Friday, March 3, 2017 7:49 PM

Balt,  I saw that too

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Posted by Murphy Siding on Friday, March 3, 2017 9:06 PM

Mookie

 

 
Murphy Siding
a gondola full of powdered sugar doughnut balls

 

Send one of those down here, eh?  

 

 

And risk losing you in a powdered sugar haze? Oh the humanities! Surprise

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Posted by tree68 on Friday, March 3, 2017 9:12 PM

Deggesty

Could it mean "stop" to an Orangeman? Smile 

Nah - the one on Tipperary Hill in Syracuse has the green on top, and it still means go...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary_Hill#Green_over_red

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Posted by CShaveRR on Friday, March 3, 2017 10:21 PM

We used to have an Aussie or two who would respond to threads occasionally...it would be helpful in this case.

But I suspect that in that country, the signals are to the left of the track they govern.  Hence the green signal is for the clear track to the right of the train in the picture, and the signal for the train is back a few car-lengths.  Keep in mind that in much of the U.S., the rules permitting the governing signal to be on either side of the track are a relatively new thing.

In my experience, Powder River coal looks a lot more like powder than the various sizes of lumps I remember from the local coal yards as I was growing up, or the anthracite I see around here from time to time.  The stuff fits fairly low into the typical aluminum gon, though the peak may be higher than the top chord.  Historically, cars for western coal have been larger in volume than those for eastern coal; I'm not sure whether this still holds true.


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Posted by kgbw49 on Friday, March 3, 2017 10:35 PM

Do they use DPUs in Australia? The ditchlights are on but the headlight at the top of the cab is off. Perhaps the train may be moving away from the camera.

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Posted by beaulieu on Friday, March 3, 2017 11:23 PM

To me it looks like the 4 tracks are paired by use, like British practice. Two tracks on the left for through trains with left-handed directional running. On the bottom right there appears to be an island platform for passengers, with a pair of tracks also set up for directional left-handed operation. There appears to be a signal mast about halfway along the length of the freight train. If indeed this is left-handed running then you would expect the signals to be on the left of the track they govern.

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Posted by edblysard on Saturday, March 4, 2017 1:18 AM

BaltACD

 

 
kgbw49

Image result for australian coal trains

 

 

I certainly hope the signal closest to the lights is for the track that is closest to the lights - otherwise we have a big problem with the train that is right next to the signal - unless Green means Stop.

 

Aussie engineers, (drivers) ride on the left hand side of the cab…all the locomotive we have run through the PTRA that are headed out to OZ are set up that way, and the signals are set the same as we do, on the engineers (driver’s) side, which in Oz puts them to the left of the track they govern. 

 

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Posted by BaltACD on Saturday, March 4, 2017 9:23 AM

edblysard
BaltACD
kgbw49

Image result for australian coal trains

I certainly hope the signal closest to the lights is for the track that is closest to the lights - otherwise we have a big problem with the train that is right next to the signal - unless Green means Stop.

Aussie engineers, (drivers) ride on the left hand side of the cab…all the locomotive we have run through the PTRA that are headed out to OZ are set up that way, and the signals are set the same as we do, on the engineers (driver’s) side, which in Oz puts them to the left of the track they govern.

Which in this picture begs the question, why isn't there a signal at this location for the track the train is operating on.  Normally, at a point where any track has a signal ALL tracks have a signal (I know there are numerous exceptions).  Just wondering what the logic would be for not having a signal for the track the train is on.

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Posted by PJS1 on Saturday, March 4, 2017 9:23 AM

Here is an interesting perspective on this discussion:

http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/BNSF-watchdogs-settle-coal-dust-lawsuit-10975970.php

The picture shows a car off the track, but the article speaks to the broader issue of coal dust blowing off moving trains.  Presumably BNSF did not agree to a $1 million settlement because of one derailed car. 

Trucks hauling sand, gravel, etc. in Texas must have a cover over their loads to help prevent damage to other vehicles.  Unfortunately, enforcement of the law is not as robust as it should be.  Frequently, the covers are not maintained properly, which results in many motorists having a windshield cracked by a passing grave, sand, etc. truck.

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Posted by BaltACD on Saturday, March 4, 2017 9:28 AM

JPS1
Here is an interesting perspective on this discussion:

http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/BNSF-watchdogs-settle-coal-dust-lawsuit-10975970.php

Trucks hauling sand, gravel, etc. in Texas must have a cover over their loads to help prevent damage to other vehicles.  Unfortunately, enforcement of the law is not as robust as it should be.  Frequently, the covers are not maintained properly, which results in many motorists having a windshield cracked by a passing grave, sand, etc. truck.

I recall it took 20 to 25 years of yearly efforts for Maryland to finally enact a load cover regulation for dump trucks and other open top aggrate trucks.  It was always a contentious yearly political fight.

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Posted by Semper Vaporo on Saturday, March 4, 2017 9:28 AM

BaltACD
 
edblysard
BaltACD
kgbw49

Image result for australian coal trains

I certainly hope the signal closest to the lights is for the track that is closest to the lights - otherwise we have a big problem with the train that is right next to the signal - unless Green means Stop.

Aussie engineers, (drivers) ride on the left hand side of the cab…all the locomotive we have run through the PTRA that are headed out to OZ are set up that way, and the signals are set the same as we do, on the engineers (driver’s) side, which in Oz puts them to the left of the track they govern.

 

Which in this picture begs the question, why isn't there a signal at this location for the track the train is operating on.  Normally, at a point where any track has a signal ALL tracks have a signal (I know there are numerous exceptions).  Just wondering what the logic would be for not having a signal for the track the train is on.

 

 

Look in the distance (just left of center, 1/4 from the top) and there is a signal mast sort of lost in the dust around the train.

Semper Vaporo

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Posted by PJS1 on Saturday, March 4, 2017 9:31 AM

BaltACD
 
JPS1
Here is an interesting perspective on this discussion:

http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/BNSF-watchdogs-settle-coal-dust-lawsuit-10975970.php

Trucks hauling sand, gravel, etc. in Texas must have a cover over their loads to help prevent damage to other vehicles.  Unfortunately, enforcement of the law is not as robust as it should be.  Frequently, the covers are not maintained properly, which results in many motorists having a windshield cracked by a passing grave, sand, etc. truck.

Rio Grande Valley, CFI,CFII

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