Trains.com

Concept for a Safe Oil Train

23513 views
375 replies
1 rating 2 rating 3 rating 4 rating 5 rating
RKS
  • Member since
    May 2010
  • 6 posts
Posted by RKS on Monday, January 27, 2014 8:42 PM

It seems to me that what is more needed is to reduce the volatility of the Baken crude oil.  I live in MN and there is currently a shortage of propane.  As I understand, propane and other "light" chemicals are the cause of the explosions that follow train accidents.  Currently, the oil is not "treated" in any way before being loaded into tank cars.  Separating out will reduce the volatility and make the treated-crude safer to ship.

The vast majority of crude being shipped from North Dakota to Chicago passes thru Minneapolis and St. Paul on tracks that are close to residential areas.  The local press is starting to ask about alternate routes.  Evidently the reporters do not understand the history of railroads: cities and towns came after the tracks.

Bob

  • Member since
    March 2003
  • From: Central Iowa
  • 6,901 posts
Posted by jeffhergert on Monday, January 27, 2014 8:10 PM

Euclid

Well then there are new standards coming, as I originally said.

It sounds like you are supposing that new Federal standards will be better and safer than the current standards (the ones that new cars are being built to) used by the industry.  That may or may not be the case.  Railroads at times have requirements or practices that exceed what the Federal regs require.  It could be that new Federal standards will mirror the industry standards.  

Some that are said to be anti-rail I don't think really are.  I think they like railroads just fine.  It's corporations they don't like or trust.  That a corporation won't act unless the government forces them to.  So since the government has yet to act, industry must not be doing anything.  Or if the industry is doing something it can't be enough or effective. 

When the first car that has been built to the new standards is involved in a catastrophic derailment, the first thing to be said (and I imagine the NTSB will be shouting the loudest) will be that the new government standards were watered down by the industry.  

Jeff         

  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Monday, January 27, 2014 7:59 PM

dehusman

Euclid

Well then there are new standards coming, as I originally said.


But the industry isn't going to wait until whenever the government issues new standards to build cars as you suggested in an earlier post.  They are building cars to the standards developed 2 (3)  years ago and whether it takes weeks or months or years for the government to issue its regs, the industry is moving forward with new, safer car designs.

I understand, but even though the industry began improving tank cars 2-3 years ago to their own standards, won't those cars have to meet the new government standards that are being developed in response to the recent oil train wrecks?  If so, how can the industry know that their existing highest standards will meet the new government standards that have not yet been created?

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • From: Omaha, NE
  • 10,621 posts
Posted by dehusman on Monday, January 27, 2014 6:45 PM

Euclid

Well then there are new standards coming, as I originally said.


But the industry isn't going to wait until whenever the government issues new standards to build cars as you suggested in an earlier post.  They are building cars to the standards developed 2 (3)  years ago and whether it takes weeks or months or years for the government to issue its regs, the industry is moving forward with new, safer car designs.

Dave H. Painted side goes up. My website : wnbranch.com

  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Monday, January 27, 2014 5:50 PM

Well then there are new standards coming, as I originally said.

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • From: Omaha, NE
  • 10,621 posts
Posted by dehusman on Monday, January 27, 2014 5:47 PM

An industry standard is not the same as a Federal standard.  The industry established a standard in 2011, the Federal specs, soon. 

Dave H. Painted side goes up. My website : wnbranch.com

  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Monday, January 27, 2014 5:41 PM

dehusman

Euclid
As I understand it, it will take until 2015 to just develop the standards for new tank cars. 

The new standards were developed in 2011 and since then all new "111" tank cars have been built to those standards.  There are still about 75,000 tank cars to rebuild or replace.

You may be right, but what is meant by this reference when they speak of new standards that are in the process of being developed?  I have seen other articles speaking of new tank car standards that will be developed to address this oil train issue.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/09/us-usa-rail-senator-idUSBREA0812T20140109

Quote from article:

“Foxx also said that federal specifications on tank cars would come "in weeks, not months," Hoeven said.”

****************************************************

Here is another article that refers to developing new standards for the future and it says that the industry players have 30 days to make comments about the proposed new standards.

http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303393804579312983265742414

 

  • Member since
    May 2003
  • From: US
  • 25,292 posts
Posted by BaltACD on Monday, January 27, 2014 4:36 PM

Euclid

Murphy Siding
 Also, if the Bakken crude doesn't ship by rail, how would it ship? 

It might not ship if the cost of transportation drives up the cost of production so high that it cannot compete with foreign oil.  We were living without Bakken before.  We can live without it in the future. 

OPEC would cheer!  Could OPEC money be fueling the outrage?

Never too old to have a happy childhood!

              

  • Member since
    December 2001
  • From: Northern New York
  • 25,024 posts
Posted by tree68 on Monday, January 27, 2014 4:31 PM

Euclid
It might not ship if the cost of transportation drives up the cost of production so high that it cannot compete with foreign oil.

And one cannot help but wonder if there are folks who will cheer (discreetly) if that happens.  That may or may not include those in the envirogreenie camp, and competitors to Bakken Crude...

LarryWhistling
Resident Microferroequinologist (at least at my house) 
Everyone goes home; Safety begins with you
My Opinion. Standard Disclaimers Apply. No Expiration Date
Come ride the rails with me!
There's one thing about humility - the moment you think you've got it, you've lost it...

  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Monday, January 27, 2014 2:10 PM

Coolthey are breakin' I. E. recycleing old tankers in a yard in K.C.MO. every day. One does what 1 can to make things safe buit nothing is perfect.Crying

Tags: FEC
  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Monday, January 27, 2014 11:43 AM

Murphy Siding
 Also, if the Bakken crude doesn't ship by rail, how would it ship? 

It might not ship if the cost of transportation drives up the cost of production so high that it cannot compete with foreign oil.  We were living without Bakken before.  We can live without it in the future. 

  • Member since
    May 2005
  • From: S.E. South Dakota
  • 13,569 posts
Posted by Murphy Siding on Monday, January 27, 2014 11:32 AM

schlimm

Euclid
t only makes sense if it solves the problem, and solves it soon.  Five years and a partial solution is too little, too late.  With that plan, it becomes a game of Russian roulette placing at stake, innocent lives and the continuation of the oil by rail business. 

There is also a huge potential financial loss at stake.  it appears that manyn posters fear the loss of the Bakken oil transport revenue if the associated costs become too high.  However, at least one rail CEO (BNSF?) opined that one crash had the potential to bankrupt his railroad.  Risk management is an important part of a business' executive leadership team and is a good deal more complicated than denouncing lawyers, politicians, and the general public as "anti-rail."  So perhaps the choice is between reduced revenue vs. an unacceptable risk for bankruptcy?

  If a guy was logical about it, couldn't a railroad factor in for the added cost to do all sorts of things perceived to add safety- slower trains, stopped trains, longer routes, etc, and tell the shippers that the price is going up accordingly?  Or is that something that would run into legal issues with the regulators? 

      Also, if the Bakken crude doesn't ship by rail, how would it ship? 

Thanks to Chris / CopCarSS for my avatar.

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • From: Omaha, NE
  • 10,621 posts
Posted by dehusman on Monday, January 27, 2014 11:15 AM

Euclid

As I understand it, it will take until 2015 to just develop the standards for new tank cars. 

The new standards were developed in 2011 and since then all new "111" tank cars have been built to those standards.  There are still about 75,000 tank cars to rebuild or replace.

Dave H. Painted side goes up. My website : wnbranch.com

  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Monday, January 27, 2014 11:04 AM

daveklepper
My understanding is that the latest designs do considerably reduce risk by correcting known weaknesses in the old design.

That may be, but how much is a considerable reduction, and how long will it take?

This question involves my earlier post on this in response to your earlier comment as follows:

 

daveklepper
Building as many flamable liquid state-of-the art tankcars as quickly as  possible does make more sense,

It only makes sense if it solves the problem.  As I understand it, it will take until 2015 to just develop the standards for new tank cars.  Won’t it take several more years before the existing fleet is replaced by the new safer tank cars?  And how safe will they be?

That question is not even being asked let alone being answered in the public discussion. In Fred Frailey’s statistic of SIX serious oil train accidents per year, how many will there be if all tank cars were of the upgraded design?  Would SIX change to THREE?  Or would there still be FIVE?

How long will it take for the oil-by-rail traffic to double as the boom continues, and SIX accidents per year becomes TWELVE?

It only makes sense if it solves the problem, and solves it soon.  Five years and a partial solution is too little, too late.  With that plan, it becomes a game of Russian roulette placing at stake, innocent lives and the continuation of the oil by rail business.

The only way to win that game is if fate postpones those SIX accidents per year and saves them for some date way in the future after a real solution to the problem is implemented that will prevent fate from cashing in all those saved up accidents.

  • Member since
    June 2002
  • 20,096 posts
Posted by daveklepper on Monday, January 27, 2014 10:37 AM

My understanding is that the latest designs do considerably reduce risk by correcting known weaknesses in the old design.

  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Monday, January 27, 2014 10:16 AM

I think it is accurate to say that there are two independent risks to the industry regarding oil trains.  One is the liability of an accident that is serious enough to bankrupt a company.  The other is the loss of the oil hauling business due to new transportation regulations increasing the cost of Bakken oil to the point that it cannot compete with foreign oil.    

  • Member since
    July 2006
  • 9,610 posts
Posted by schlimm on Monday, January 27, 2014 9:56 AM

Euclid
t only makes sense if it solves the problem, and solves it soon.  Five years and a partial solution is too little, too late.  With that plan, it becomes a game of Russian roulette placing at stake, innocent lives and the continuation of the oil by rail business. 

There is also a huge potential financial loss at stake.  it appears that manyn posters fear the loss of the Bakken oil transport revenue if the associated costs become too high.  However, at least one rail CEO (BNSF?) opined that one crash had the potential to bankrupt his railroad.  Risk management is an important part of a business' executive leadership team and is a good deal more complicated than denouncing lawyers, politicians, and the general public as "anti-rail."  So perhaps the choice is between reduced revenue vs. an unacceptable risk for bankruptcy?

C&NW, CA&E, MILW, CGW and IC fan

  • Member since
    August 2013
  • 3,006 posts
Posted by ACY Tom on Monday, January 27, 2014 9:09 AM
Discussion of this topic is beginning NOW on Nat. Pub. Radio Diane Reehm Show. In appears that the panel does not include anybody from the RR industry.
  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Monday, January 27, 2014 8:31 AM

daveklepper
Building as many flamable liquid state-of-the art tankcars as quickly as  possible does make more sense,

It only makes sense if it solves the problem.  As I understand it, it will take until 2015 to just develop the standards for new tank cars.  Won’t it take several more years before the existing fleet is replaced by the new safer tank cars?  And how safe will they be? 

That question is not even being asked let alone being answered in the public discussion. In Fred Frailey’s statistic of SIX serious oil train accidents per year, how many will there be if all tank cars were of the upgraded design?  Would SIX change to THREE?  Or would there still be FIVE?

How long will it take for the oil-by-rail traffic to double as the boom continues, and SIX accidents per year becomes TWELVE?

It only makes sense if it solves the problem, and solves it soon.  Five years and a partial solution is too little, too late.  With that plan, it becomes a game of Russian roulette placing at stake, innocent lives and the continuation of the oil by rail business. 

The only way to win that game is if fate postpones those SIX accidents per year and saves them for some date way in the future after a real solution to the problem is implemented that will prevent fate from cashing in all those saved up accidents. 

  • Member since
    January 2001
  • From: Atlanta
  • 11,971 posts
Posted by oltmannd on Monday, January 27, 2014 7:06 AM

schlimm

dehusman
it would be 5, closer to 10 years (or more with the technology) before is would be certified for use. Then the companies would have to buy them, so you might get a significant penetration into the fleet  20-25 years from now. 

The revolutionary Airbus A380 went into design in 1997, test flights 2005, certification 2006-7, service entry Oct. 2007.  Rather a lot more complicated and expensive than a tank car, yet 10 years from design to service, with 122 built so far.   Is it just possible that a breakthrough tank car design might be somewhat quicker?   

Maybe quicker, but does it kill the economics?  Having to replace the tank car fleet from scratch raises the cost of providing the service and can change the economic flow patterns of the product.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

  • Member since
    June 2002
  • 20,096 posts
Posted by daveklepper on Monday, January 27, 2014 3:19 AM

Building as many flamable liquid state-of-the art tankcars as quickly as  possible does make more sense,

  • Member since
    May 2005
  • From: S.E. South Dakota
  • 13,569 posts
Posted by Murphy Siding on Sunday, January 26, 2014 7:18 PM

    'Makes sense.  Thanks.

Thanks to Chris / CopCarSS for my avatar.

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • From: Omaha, NE
  • 10,621 posts
Posted by dehusman on Sunday, January 26, 2014 4:40 PM

Murphy Siding


   Now that's an interesting thought.  Would it be possible to take those existing (but obsolescent) well cars, and build them into tank cars?  Kind of like recycling the good parts?  They do it with  locomotives.  Think of something along the Cleveland class cruisers that became aircraft carriers in WWII.

 
You can build a tank an put it in the well.  The tanks will be smaller than the tank on regular tank car.  They will have to be smaller to fit in the well and also to have less capacity than the regular car because the well cars share a truck with the adjacent platform. On the middle wells the tank will have to be supported by two axles while on a regular car you have 4 axles to support the tank.  Since the well car is entirely dead weight and not required to support the load or car, the capacity of the car to carry oil would be reduced by the weight of the well car itself.
 
The outcome is more cars will be required to move the same amount of oil.  More cars  = more trains.  More trains = more opportunity for failure = more risk.

Dave H. Painted side goes up. My website : wnbranch.com

  • Member since
    May 2005
  • From: S.E. South Dakota
  • 13,569 posts
Posted by Murphy Siding on Sunday, January 26, 2014 2:42 PM

Overmod


................  A reasonably-rectangular (or oval) carbody bulit to 'load out' before it 'cubes out' would have the desired low center of gravity.  Which leads me to think that perhaps an interim solution, shy of building Hundreds Of Expensive New Tank Cars, would be to build a slew of 40' tank modules, and drop them in existing (but obsolescent) well cars.

There is your low center of gravity, easy removal of damaged tanks for servicing, easy provision of heating lines, air lines, etc. for facilitation of loading and discharge -- etc.  The well-car structure provides some of your collision bracing and structural protection (in addition to the armor, shock-attenuation, and structure in the enclosing 'container' frame that is provided for the tank module, in addition to what is already used for containerized tanks).  Makes a certain amount of intermodal loading possible, too, for what that might be worth.  It also makes adoption of full ECP braking, high-speed trucks with stabilizers, and other safety requirements relatively more cost-effective..................

 

     Now that's an interesting thought.  Would it be possible to take those existing (but obsolescent) well cars, and build them into tank cars?  Kind of like recycling the good parts?  They do it with  locomotives.  Think of something along the Cleveland class cruisers that became aircraft carriers in WWII.

Thanks to Chris / CopCarSS for my avatar.

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • From: Omaha, NE
  • 10,621 posts
Posted by dehusman on Sunday, January 26, 2014 11:53 AM

When you change the type of car you end up changing the loading pattern, then not only does the shipper have to get all new equipment for transportation but has to build new racks or modify existing racks to load and unload the oil.  $$$

Another consideration is that by moving it in containers you are shipping less per platform which means more cars or more trains to haul the same volume of oil (unless you doublestack it, a truly bad idea.)

The existing fleet can be replaced faster and more cheaply with new cars of conventional designs that are more secure and less likely to rupture.  The problem is that the existing cars are built for a commodity with one set of characteristics and the commodity really has a different set of characteristics.  We already have very successful designs for those characteristics, its just a matter of getting cars that match the actual characteristics (designs closer to flammable gas designs).

 

Dave H. Painted side goes up. My website : wnbranch.com

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • 21,669 posts
Posted by Overmod on Sunday, January 26, 2014 11:28 AM

Euclid
A really futuristic and advanced oil train would have tank cars shaped like fish belly gondolas.  They would carry the load as low as possible for the lowest possible center of gravity.  Unlike a fish belly gondola which has a flat floor and merely dropped side walls, the fish belly tank cars would have a floor that drops down to within maybe six inches above the rail.  A train of those type of tank cars would have sailed right through Lac Megantic without leaving the rails.

The 'rail whale' tank cars had what amounted to a depressed center section between the span bolsters, for much this sort of reason.  One problem is that this drops what is essentially a reinforced monocoque structure very close to things sticking up from the track, which might cause substantial damage a la Titanic even to multiple-compartment cars.  That is not a criticism, only a concern.

Rectangular tanks were noted as a bad idea in the commentary to the Trains article:  much more structural material needed for the enclosed volume; trouble getting product out of the 'corners' or getting the last part of the load out of the car; different baffling needed especially near the upper part of the car.  A reasonably-rectangular (or oval) carbody bulit to 'load out' before it 'cubes out' would have the desired low center of gravity.  Which leads me to think that perhaps an interim solution, shy of building Hundreds Of Expensive New Tank Cars, would be to build a slew of 40' tank modules, and drop them in existing (but obsolescent) well cars.

There is your low center of gravity, easy removal of damaged tanks for servicing, easy provision of heating lines, air lines, etc. for facilitation of loading and discharge -- etc.  The well-car structure provides some of your collision bracing and structural protection (in addition to the armor, shock-attenuation, and structure in the enclosing 'container' frame that is provided for the tank module, in addition to what is already used for containerized tanks).  Makes a certain amount of intermodal loading possible, too, for what that might be worth.  It also makes adoption of full ECP braking, high-speed trucks with stabilizers, and other safety requirements relatively more cost-effective.

I will let you all argue forward and back about whether to allow some forms of stack on top of the oil modules (which might not reach full ISO interchange height...  Personally, I'd run oil trains as fully dedicated blocks following current practices, with buffer cars and all the other operating precautions that go with an explosive liquid cargo.  But other paradigms might be implemented, with proper care and attention...

  • Member since
    September 2011
  • 6,449 posts
Posted by MidlandMike on Saturday, January 25, 2014 8:59 PM

Euclid

...

A really futuristic and advanced oil train would have tank cars shaped like fish belly gondolas.  They would carry the load as low as possible for the lowest possible center of gravity.  Unlike a fish belly gondola which has a flat floor and merely dropped side walls, the fish belly tank cars would have a floor that drops down to within maybe six inches above the rail.  A train of those type of tank cars would have sailed right through Lac Megantic without leaving the rails.     

Once a fish-belly tank car lost its trucks, it would be like a rocking horse.

  • Member since
    January 2014
  • 8,221 posts
Posted by Euclid on Saturday, January 25, 2014 7:47 PM

daveklepper
Note that oil trucks these days no longer have round tanks, they are oval.   Possibly with the desire for increased capacity, the newest and safest tankcars will also have oval tanks, but long dimension vertical to take advantage of clearances available even on the more restricted existing freight routes.

That is an interesting thought.  I gather that the oval tanks on highway trailers are to lower the center of gravity.  But they would be slightly more complicated to fabricate possibly.  I recall that Trains once had a small article about an idea to make tank cars rectangular in cross section. 

You would lose the natural structural advantage of a cylinder, so the rectangular tank would have to have extra reinforcing members.  However, it has the advantage of filling up the railroad clearance diagram where as a cylinder is like a round peg in a square hole regard the clearance diagram. 

A really futuristic and advanced oil train would have tank cars shaped like fish belly gondolas.  They would carry the load as low as possible for the lowest possible center of gravity.  Unlike a fish belly gondola which has a flat floor and merely dropped side walls, the fish belly tank cars would have a floor that drops down to within maybe six inches above the rail.  A train of those type of tank cars would have sailed right through Lac Megantic without leaving the rails.     

  • Member since
    July 2006
  • 9,610 posts
Posted by schlimm on Saturday, January 25, 2014 7:35 PM

dehusman

schlimm

I realize it is different (System, passenger, not freight, high speed) but I seem to recall reading somewhere that one reason the SNCF has not had a fatality on their TGV's to date is that even if they derail, the cars stay together and do not jack knife or separate or overturn, mostly continuing along the RoW forward until they stop.  Shouldn't that principle at least be worth considering?

 
Maybe.  Maybe not.
 

That wreck was an old (needs to be replaced) conventional equipment train on old track (also needs to be replaced according to the article).  Apples and oranges.

C&NW, CA&E, MILW, CGW and IC fan

  • Member since
    September 2003
  • From: Omaha, NE
  • 10,621 posts
Posted by dehusman on Saturday, January 25, 2014 6:02 PM

schlimm

I realize it is different (System, passenger, not freight, high speed) but I seem to recall reading somewhere that one reason the SNCF has not had a fatality on their TGV's to date is that even if they derail, the cars stay together and do not jack knife or separate or overturn, mostly continuing along the RoW forward until they stop.  Shouldn't that principle at least be worth considering?

 
Maybe.  Maybe not.
 

Dave H. Painted side goes up. My website : wnbranch.com

Join our Community!

Our community is FREE to join. To participate you must either login or register for an account.

Search the Community

Newsletter Sign-Up

By signing up you may also receive occasional reader surveys and special offers from Trains magazine.Please view our privacy policy