Trains.com

Subscriber & Member Login

Login, or register today to interact in our online community, comment on articles, receive our newsletter, manage your account online and more!

Why do metal wheels perform better than plastic?

8878 views
46 replies
1 rating 2 rating 3 rating 4 rating 5 rating
  • Member since
    September 2020
  • 432 posts
Posted by JDawg on Sunday, October 31, 2021 4:11 PM

Confused

I'm torn on plastic vs metal. Metal wheels oftentimes do perform better, but they make a lot of noise. Plastic wheels don't make the noise, but they can and do warp, leading to poor performance. So the debate continues.

I guess for me, I don't swap metal for that plastic, and I don't swap plastic for metal. I will sometimes replace stock plastic wheelsets with a higher grade plastic version if they are warped. Accurail had a problem with warped wheelsets for a while. 3/4 sets would be fine, but the 4th was really nasty. Huh?

JJF


Prototypically modeling the Great Northern in Minnesota with just a hint of freelancing. Smile, Wink & Grin

Yesterday is History.

Tomorrow is a Mystery.

But today is a Gift, that is why it is called the Present. 

  • Member since
    January 2004
  • From: Canada, eh?
  • 13,375 posts
Posted by doctorwayne on Sunday, October 31, 2021 1:26 PM

While I have some cars that came with metal wheels, I much prefer plastic, although in most cases, I don't change-out the metal ones for plastic.


I would agree with the superior rolling qualities of many metal wheels, but not all of them.
As for plastic wheels, I have purchased pre-owned rolling stock with crud on the plastic wheels, but it's easy enough to remove.  As for crud on the wheel treads of my own rolling stock, I've yet to see any in the 30 years-or-so that my layout's been in operation.

Rolling qualities aren't much of a concern for me, as all of my locomotives have "tonnage ratings", which allows me to assign the proper loco(s) to each train with consideration to the many grades they're likely to encounter.

I generally don't clean track, either, unless it's just been ballasted, as excess glue does need to be removed from the rails. 

I attribute the low maintenance to good housekeeping in the layout room.

Wayne

  • Member since
    January 2010
  • 2,616 posts
Posted by peahrens on Sunday, October 31, 2021 12:37 PM

My guess is that the largest part of improvement (even with clean plastic wheels) is a much lower friction factor of the metal rim to rail vs. the plastic rim to rail.  I believe that a push of a plastic wheeled truck along a straight piece of track will cause it to roll considerably less far than a similar truck with metal wheels in almost all cases.  

The frictional force against movement is a combination of the friction factor and downward weight.  If the steel wheeled truck goes farther, with the same initial push (on flat track) than the plastic wheeled truck, then the friction factor improvement is greater than the (potentially negative) effect of the additional downward weight on the wheel to rail friction force.   

There is also the difference in the amount of axle tip friction in the axle cone, but my guess is that is a secondary effect, assuming the axle lengths are appropriate (in particular, not too long and tight) in both cases.

That's my story but if missing something, I'll be glad to not stick to it.

Paul

Modeling HO with a transition era UP bent

  • Member since
    February 2001
  • From: Wyoming, where men are men, and sheep are nervous!
  • 3,392 posts
Posted by Pruitt on Sunday, October 31, 2021 12:12 PM

A lot of it is angular momentum. While total angular momentum isn't much on scale wheels, the angular momentum of metal wheels is still much greater than plastic, because of the difference in density of the materials.

That gives metal wheels more ability to roll past a brief increase in friction that might be caused by dust in the bearings, and also a bit more ability to roll over irregularities in the track that might stop or significantly slow plastic wheels.

Also, many brands of metal wheels are turned rather than just cast, making them much more consistently round than their plastic counterparts, so the car's linear momentum is dissipated much more evenly than is a car's that has plastic wheelsets.

  • Member since
    January 2003
  • From: Ridgeville,South Carolina
  • 1,294 posts
Posted by willy6 on Sunday, October 31, 2021 12:11 PM

I agree 100% about the metal wheels usage. Also, I am learning metal wheels performance can decrease or increase based on the truck in which they are installed.

Being old is when you didn't loose it, it's that you just can't remember where you put it.
  • Member since
    November 2006
  • From: NW Pa Snow-belt.
  • 2,216 posts
Posted by ricktrains4824 on Sunday, October 31, 2021 12:00 PM

Scaled down, same reason the real railroads use metal wheels - Contact area. Smaller contact area means less friction. 

And as Rick J mentions, the "crud" that plastic wheelsets gather (and spread) affects that contact area. More build-up of crud on the wheels makes a bigger contact area, making more friction. (And more crud on rails makes less power transmision ability.)

Ricky W.

HO scale Proto-freelancer.

My Railroad rules:

1: It's my railroad, my rules.

2: It's for having fun and enjoyment.

3: Any objections, consult above rules.

  • Member since
    July 2006
  • From: Northfield Center TWP, OH
  • 2,538 posts
Posted by dti406 on Sunday, October 31, 2021 11:52 AM

The major problem with derlin wheels is they pick up oil and dirt then spread it all over the layout. Nickle silver wheels usually do not do that the wheels and the layout keep clean, it is the reason our club bans plastic wheeled cars.

 

Rick Jesionowski

Rule 1: This is my railroad.

Rule 2: I make the rules.

Rule 3: Illuminating discussion of prototype history, equipment and operating practices is always welcome, but in the event of visitor-perceived anacronisms, detail descrepancies or operating errors, consult RULE 1!

Moderator
  • Member since
    June 2003
  • From: Northeast OH
  • 17,249 posts
Posted by tstage on Sunday, October 31, 2021 10:41 AM

John,

Here's a couple of possible reasons...

  • The overall construction of metal wheels makes them more rigid; allowing them to ride more consistently on top of the rails than flexible plastic wheels
  • Metal wheels add weight that aid in rolling inertia.

Tom

https://tstage9.wixsite.com/nyc-modeling

Time...It marches on...without ever turning around to see if anyone is even keeping in step.

  • Member since
    January 2019
  • 2,572 posts
Why do metal wheels perform better than plastic?
Posted by John-NYBW on Sunday, October 31, 2021 10:17 AM

Based on experience, there's no doubt in my mind that they do. They seem to roll much more freely. I've never understood why. It seems to me the important factor would be the friction between the axle ends and the pockets in the truck. I don't know why that would be different if there are metal or plastic wheels on the axles. 

Whenever I put a new piece of rolling stock on the layout, I do two things. I put KD 148 whisker couplers on and replace the plastic wheels with metal if they don't already have them. The replacement wheels definitely make them roll better even if I don't know why. 

Subscriber & Member Login

Login, or register today to interact in our online community, comment on articles, receive our newsletter, manage your account online and more!

Users Online

There are no community member online

Search the Community

ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
Model Railroader Newsletter See all
Sign up for our FREE e-newsletter and get model railroad news in your inbox!