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Spot Checking Voltage Along the Mainlines

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:31 PM

RR_Mel

OK. Go ahead and redo your measurements on the track.  Remember you are chacking the difference between the rails and the reference voltage at the booster under load.

Will do. Have we concluded that the reference voltage at the booster under load is 12.78 volts or 12.44 volts. I presume it is 12.78 volts, correct?

Rich

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:30 PM

You should have about .06 volts loss per 10' of track.
 

Mel



 
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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:20 PM

OK. Go ahead and redo your measurements on the track.  Remember you are chacking the difference between the rails and the reference voltage at the booster under load.
 

Mel



 
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I'm beginning to realize that aging is not for wimps.

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:15 PM

RR_Mel

No, the wires between the booster and the buss.

14 gauge solid copper wire for the busses. What I do is to run the 14 gauge solid wire directly from the boooster to a terminal block that then connects the bus wires to the input side of each PSX. On the output side of the PSX, 14 gauge wire provides the 80' bus wires directly under the mainlines.

Rich

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:12 PM

No, the wires between the booster and the buss.
 

Mel


 
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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:09 PM

RR_Mel

.34 volts.  What size wire and how long.

The bus is 14 gauge solid, standard copper household wire.

The feeders are 20 gauge solid copper wire, 12 to 18 inches long, max. The feeders in question are about 12 inches from the bus to the rails.

Rich

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Posted by gregc on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:03 PM

richhotrain
So, just run another pair of 14 gauge bus wires from the booster to the other end of the existing bus wires?

that's the simplest thing that will make things better.

 

richhotrain
OK, what I did was to measure voltage at the booster output which was 14.25 volts. Then, I connected the 1156 automotive bulb to the booster output at the same point and measured voltage under load which was 12.78 volts.

power supply Voltage rating is at some current.   that's why you'll see a 9V wall wart outputing 11V.   but at it's rated current (e.g. 0.5A) it should be 9V.

but we don't know what Vpk-pk is based on the 12.8V measurement. so it may be spot on.

the 12.8V is the reference.  presumably there's not much wire and not much difference in voltage where the booster connects to the track

you only care about loaded voltage values.

greg - Philadelphia & Reading / Reading

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 4:01 PM

.34 volts.  What size wire and how long.

 

Mel



 
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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 3:57 PM

At the point of the booster, the voltage under load is 12.78 volts. The voltage under load directly at the point of the first feeder drop is 12.44 volts. That first feeder drop is about 5' from the booster output port.

 

Rich

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 3:41 PM

I don’t think it matters but mark the spot with the measurement for reference later if needed.

 

Mel



 
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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 3:38 PM

RR_Mel

You really don’t care about the unloaded voltage only the voltage under load. 

OK, one other question, Mel.  Am I measuring under load exactly where the first drop is on the bus or just somewhere near the first drop?

Rich

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 3:22 PM

You really don’t care about the unloaded voltage only the voltage under load.

 

Mel



 
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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 3:16 PM

RR_Mel

Something isn’t right, the voltage at the booster is the reference voltage for measurements on your mainline. 

 

Mel, I was afraid that you would say that. Tongue Tied

RR_Mel

You need to remeasure the rails where the buss connects to the mainline rails.  Note the difference between the measurements under load at the booster and the buss.  Then redo the rest of your measurements, you are looking for the difference under load of your test points.

OK, what I did was to measure voltage at the booster output which was 14.25 volts. Then, I connected the 1156 automotive bulb to the booster output at the same point and measured voltage under load which was 12.78 volts.

So, now, I should measure voltage on the rails where the bus connects to the mainline rails? With and without load? 

Rich

 

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 3:09 PM

Something isn’t right, the voltage at the booster is the reference voltage for measurements on your mainline.  You need to remeasure the rails where the buss connects to the mainline rails.  Note the difference between the measurements under load at the booster and the buss.  Then redo the rest of your measurements, you are looking for the difference from the reference measured at the booster under load at your test points.

 

Mel



 
My Model Railroad   
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Bakersfield, California
 
I'm beginning to realize that aging is not for wimps.

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 3:02 PM

gregc

In order to avoid undoing a lot of what you've done, you could add add a 2nd 14g bus wired from the booster to 10' (?) from the end of your existing bus.   this would roughly cut the total bus resistance in half. 

So, just run another pair of 14 gauge bus wires from the booster to the other end of the existing bus wires? That would be preferable to moving the boosters.

gregc

Why not put a booster on either side of the room and use each booster to power half the room?  half the track distance? 

Yep, that is now an option that I am considering. But I like your previous option better. Thanks, greg.

Rich

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 2:57 PM

rrinker

 You will of course need a longer control bus cable to connect the two systems, but distributing the boosters to keep the bus runs as short as possible is the way to go. An 80 foot bus run is far too long, even for #12 wire - an according to the post above, that's 80' AFTER splitting it in half,. so 80 feet one way, and 80 feet the other way. If you evenly space the boosters, that gives you 40 feet in each direction from each booster, much more reasonable. 

Yep, I get what you are saying to do. I will give that booster arrangement serious consideration. Thanks, Randy.

 

rrinker

The drop seems high even for #14 wire - is it a continuous pull, or are the sections of the bus broken and then connected to continue on? If all one pull - are you using IDC connectors to attach the feeders?               

It is not continuous pull. The bus is broken into sections twist tied together with wire connectors. I did it that way because I had long scraps of 14 gauge wire available from household wiring projects.

Rich

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 2:30 PM

RR_Mel

Just curious, what does the voltage measured at the booster or source do with and without load.  A lot of loss could be in the booster its self and not in your wiring.

Without load, the reading at the booster is 14.25 volts. Under load at the booster, the reading is 12.79 volts. So, a 1.46 volt difference.

Rich

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Posted by rrinker on Saturday, November 7, 2020 11:28 AM

 You will of course need a longer control bus cable to connect the two systems, but distributing the boosters to keep the bus runs as short as possible is the way to go. An 80 foot bus run is far too long, even for #12 wire - an according to the post above, that's 80' AFTER splitting it in half,. so 80 feet one way, and 80 feet the other way. If you evenly space the boosters, that gives you 40 feet in each direction from each booster, much more reasonable. 

 The drop seems high even for #14 wire - is it a continuous pull, or are the sections of the bus broken and then connected to continue on? If all one pull - are you using IDC connectors to attach the feeders? With solid wire, I will almost guarantee the wire is nicked by them and the effective size, especially as you get further from the booster connection, is actually less than #14. Just another reason I prefer stranded in the larger sizes, even though I don't use IDCs.

                                        --Randy

 


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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 8:46 AM

RR_Mel

Same way you measured the track, the 1156 across the terminals and meter across the bulb. 

ahh, yes, but of course.  Bang Head  Laugh 

I will do it this afternoon and get back to you. Off now to run errands.

Thanks, Mel, for all of your help.

Rich

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 8:39 AM

Same way you measured the track, the 1156 across the terminals and meter across the bulb.




Mel



 
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I'm beginning to realize that aging is not for wimps.
 

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 8:37 AM

gregc

12g wire would be half the resistance (1.6 mOhm/ft) and i'd estimate half the voltage drop.

in order to avoid undoing a lot of what you've done, you could add add a 2nd 14g bus wired from the booster to 10' (?) from the end of your existing bus.   this would roughly cut the total bus resistance in half.    using 12g would be better 

gregc

looks like you have a separate booster (same size?) for just the reversing sections.

why not put a booster on either side of the room and use each booster to power half the room?  half the track distance? 

greg, thanks for those two posts. I have some errands to run this morning, but let me study your comments a little this afternoon and get back to you.

I never considered a 12 gauge bus, since I used 14 gauge on my last layout of similar size without any problems. It would take a lot of work and effort to go 12 gauge so that would not be my first option.

Moving my existing boosters, both NCE 5 amp, around the layout and adding busses would be a better option for me at this point if it comes to that.

Rich

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 8:32 AM

RR_Mel

Just curious, what does the voltage measured at the booster or source do with and without load.  A lot of loss could be in the booster its self and not in your wiring.

I just went down to the layout and did another set of measurements. The booster measures 13.9 volts, same as the voltage without load across the entire mainlines.

How would I measure under load at the booster itself?

Rich

 

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Posted by gregc on Saturday, November 7, 2020 8:07 AM

looks like you have a separate booster (same size?) for just the reversing sections.

why not put a booster on either side of the room and use each booster to power half the room?  half the track distance?

greg - Philadelphia & Reading / Reading

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 8:02 AM

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 7:40 AM

Rich

I bought the Handy Converter from Stan’s Trains and use it for my calcs.  When I used a online electrical calculator it double doubles the loss.

Just curious, what does the voltage measured at the booster or source do with and without load.  A lot of loss could be in the booster its self and not in your wiring.



Mel



 
My Model Railroad   
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I'm beginning to realize that aging is not for wimps

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Posted by gregc on Saturday, November 7, 2020 7:37 AM

0.9V from 12V is 7.5% which seems high (thought 2% was the target)

i calc a resistance of 3.2 mOhm/ft which is consistent for 14g wire.

12g wire would be half the resistance (1.6 mOhm/ft) and i'd estimate half the voltage drop.

in order to avoid undoing a lot of what you've done, you could add add a 2nd 14g bus wired from the booster to 10' (?) from the end of your existing bus.   this would roughly cut the total bus resistance in half.    using 12g would be better

 

greg - Philadelphia & Reading / Reading

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 7:30 AM

ATLANTIC CENTRAL

I think I would have been inclined to the divide the layout geographicly (east side/west side) rather than by main/secondary trackage and keep wire runs shorter. 

Essentially, that is what I have done. The main booster (NCE PH-Pro 5 amp) controls the two mainlines, yards and sidings which are divided into three power districts (separate PSX for each power district). A second NCE 5 amp booster controls four reversing sections (separate PSX-AR for each reversing section) on the mainlines. Each power district is controlled by its own bus.

The two yards (coach and freight) are part of the same power district as the two mainlines. I have separate power districts on the primary booster for (1) the passenger station and (2) the engine servicing facility.

The mainlines power district is an 80' bus running east and an 80' bus running west.

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 7:20 AM

RR_Mel

Rich

I can’t find the size of your bus wires in this post but #14 AWG wire has .12 volts loss at 40’ or 12.19 Meters at 2 amps for one wire or .24 volts for a pair.

#14 AWG wire has .22 volts drop at 70’ or 21.336 Meters at 2 amps for one wire or .44 for a pair.

I use 14 gauge solid wire for the bus. At 70', 13.9 volts w/o load and 11.1 volts under load.

Rich

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Posted by richhotrain on Saturday, November 7, 2020 7:16 AM

ATLANTIC CENTRAL
 

What size wire is the buss?

How often are the drops to the buss?

What size wire are the drops?

How long is the average drop?

Are rail joints soldered?

If the answer to the last question is no, or partly, I would change it to yes or mostly.

Sounds like the mainline is one booster and secondary track another booster?

I think I would have been inclined to the divide the layout geographicly (east side/west side) rather than by main/secondary trackage and keep wire runs shorter. 

Sheldon 

Thanks, Sheldon. Here are my replies.

What size wire is the buss? 14 gauge solid.

How often are the drops to the buss? Every piece of flextrax has a pair of drops.

What size wire are the drops?  22 gauge solid.

How long is the average drop? 12 to 18 inches.

Are rail joints soldered? Only on the curves.

Sounds like the mainline is one booster and secondary track another booster? Correct.

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Posted by RR_Mel on Saturday, November 7, 2020 7:01 AM

Rich

I can’t find the size of your bus wires in this post but #14 AWG wire has .12 volts loss at 40’ or 12.19 Meters at 2 amps for one wire or .24 volts for a pair.

#14 AWG wire has .22 volts drop at 70’ or 21.336 Meters at 2 amps for one wire or .44 for a pair.
 

Mel



 
My Model Railroad   
http://melvineperry.blogspot.com/
 
Bakersfield, California
 
I'm beginning to realize that aging is not for wimps.

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