Question about Gondola Load

[Electroliner 1935]

When I was eight, we moved into a house with a coal fired boiler. One year, my dad got a "deal" on five tons of coke. Five tons filled the coal bin to the rafters unlike coal which five tons left about two  feet to the rafters. Never again, said Dad. A shovel of it was lighter than regular coal but you had to be careful how much air you allowed into the boiler as it burned HOT, and could quickly lift the overpressure relief valves (10 lb). Coke is grey and porous unlike coal which is solid and very black.

[tree68]

BaltACD

I recall the Division Operator wondering why Lester needed new stove grates more frequently than the other stations/towers with pot belly coal stoves as their heat source.

One of the railfan magazines once ran an account of a crew who decided to take advantage of an apparently ready supply of coke to fuel their steam engine.  

I don't remember the details, but they got plenty of steam out of it - too much, as a matter of fact.  It took them a while to get things settled back down.

[mvlandsw]

Since coke is fairly light the producers load the cars to overflowing. Chessie System and CSX ran numerous coke trains over the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie. The P&LE main tracks were in fairly good condition but the interlocking were pretty rough. The coke cars would get to rocking and shed some of their load all through the interlockings.

Demmler and Glenwood yards, which handled most of the US Steel and J&L coke produced in the Pittsburgh area, also got littered with coke. When it got too hard to walk through the yards a track cleaner would be brought in.

At one time CSX was hauling coke from Pittsburgh to Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, and Birmingham. I frequently worked the runs from Pittsburgh to New Castle and later from New Castle to Cleveland, Willard, and Crestline.

Mark Vinski

[BaltACD]

tree68

 

cv_acr

Raw coke (produced from coal) can actually be quite coarse, and I believe the square open-top containers shown at bottom right here were indeed often used for shipping low-volume quantities of coke and/or other bulk commodities: 

A regular train through Deshler is the "Coke Express" - so marked on the sides of the extended hoppers.  

With the view from the camera, one can't tell the coal from the coke.

Coke is lighter that coal.

I worked the B&O's Operator position at Lester, OH - the junction of the lines from Cleveland and Lorain and continuing to Sterling (at the time via Medina or the C&LW Main).

The steel plants at Cleveland would receive hopper loads of coke.  Coke would fall on the right of way.  The Operators would 'police' the area around the station for coke and accumulate what they could so that it could be used to supplement the pot belly coal stove which the station used as its heating 'system'.  I recall the Division Operator wondering why Lester needed new stove grates more frequently than the other stations/towers with pot belly coal stoves as their heat source.

[MidlandMike]

Pet coke has increased as a result of oil sand/bitumen refining.  Quite a pile built up at the Detroit refinery.  It was blowing around the neighborhood and into the Detroit river.  It's a health hazard, and the DEQ finally ordered it removed.

[tree68]

BaltACD

I seem to recall CSX shipping 'Petroleum Coke' that was very fine - almost powder like.  I would be shipped in covered hoppers. Coke that is made from coal has had all the volatile fractions 'baked off' leaving something that is mostly pure carbon.

A co-gen here used to burn coal, and, I heard, "pet coke," or petroleum coke.  It came in open hoppers and AFAIK would be piled outside just like coal. 

The plant now burns "biomass" (wood chips) that comes in by truck.

[BaltACD]

tree68

 

cv_acr

Raw coke (produced from coal) can actually be quite coarse, and I believe the square open-top containers shown at bottom right here were indeed often used for shipping low-volume quantities of coke and/or other bulk commodities: 

A regular train through Deshler is the "Coke Express" - so marked on the sides of the extended hoppers.  

With the view from the camera, one can't tell the coal from the coke.

Coke is lighter that coal.

I seem to recall CSX shipping 'Petroleum Coke' that was very fine - almost powder like.  I would be shipped in covered hoppers.

Coke that is made from coal has had all the volatile fractions 'baked off' leaving something that is mostly pure carbon.

[tree68]

cv_acr

Raw coke (produced from coal) can actually be quite coarse, and I believe the square open-top containers shown at bottom right here were indeed often used for shipping low-volume quantities of coke and/or other bulk commodities:

A regular train through Deshler is the "Coke Express" - so marked on the sides of the extended hoppers.  

With the view from the camera, one can't tell the coal from the coke.

Coke is lighter that coal.

[cv_acr]

wjstix

I've seen them described as coke containers also, I believe coke is also very fine and would need to be covered in trainsit.

Raw coke (produced from coal) can actually be quite coarse, and I believe the square open-top containers shown at bottom right here were indeed often used for shipping low-volume quantities of coke and/or other bulk commodities:

http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-2.jpg

[NittanyLion]

BEAUSABRE

 

 

NittanyLion

  There's a book I have that talks extensively about a lime plant in Central PA

 

 

Probably National Gypsum on the Bellefonte Central

Class of 74, what about you?

 

Yeah, the photo is in Rails to Penn State

Class of 2007

[Gramp]

How different the freight transport world would be today if container innovation had been allowed to develop circa 1930. 

[BEAUSABRE]

NittanyLion

  There's a book I have that talks extensively about a lime plant in Central PA

Probably National Gypsum on the Bellefonte Central

Class of 74, what about you?

[wanswheel]

Paul, that's a Tri-power loco, which could run on battery, pantograph or third rail. 

Excerpt from Saving the Railroad Industry to Death: The Interstate Commerce Commission, the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Unfulfilled Promise of Rail-Truck Cooperation by Albert Churella

http://www.h-net.org/~business/bhcweb/publications/BEHonline/2006/churella.pdf

After the NYC extended its container operations to New England in 1927, the PRR responded by lodging complaints with the ICC and establishing its own container subsidiary, the Keystone Container Car Company. Organized in October 1928, with an initial complement of 500 containers and 75 specially equipped container cars, the PRR initiated service points at New York, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and Buffalo, followed by Philadelphia and South Kearney, New Jersey.

The success of containerization matched that of store-door service. In 1929, the railroad concluded that a unit of containerized freight generated only about half the revenue of an equivalent boxcar LCL movement, but cut expenses by nearly 85 percent. Containers also spent more time generating revenue, often averaging more than 80 miles per day, quadruple the rate of boxcars. By the end of 1930, more than a thousand containers graced PRR rails and the highways of the Northeast, and by 1939, the railroad transported nearly 160,000 container loads each year.

[zugmann]

I have to get photos of them. I keep meaning to, but I don't think I ever did.  There were slightly less box-like with ribbed sides. I guess the RR was using them for storage... whether they still are or not. 

 

Of course the one yard that has 2 of these (I think it's 2) containers also has a PRR combine and 2 PRR boxes. Those are museum pieces as well.  The other yard just has a truck-less baggage and old reefer.

[Paul_D_North_Jr]

[Mike/ wanswheel -  Thanks so much for digging out and posting those photos and that article !    I owe you one for this (again ?).  I've never seen them or a reference to them before, so this has to be one of the best abnd earliest documentatins of railroad containers.  Just read through that article - it could have been written in the 1950's about TOFC, and in the 1980's about COFC . . .  For anyone interested in the history of containerization, these are the equivalent of the "Dead Sea scrolls" !  

I'll concede the 1930's date for the photos, based on your dating them from the presence of the High Line (what a great structure and project !) - I'm not familiar enough with it to know any different (nor would i want to),  I'm more than content enough with the January 1921 dates in the "Shipper & Carrier" magazine article from its March 1921 issue to establish that as the likely dates of commencement of container service, as I stated above.

Likewise, I have to defer to your identification of those landmark buildings in that one photo - I can barely pick them out of the haze.  But no one has remarked on the early diesel (?) loco in this photo - which one do you think it is ?

wanswheel

 

It's ironic that the interloper PRR tunnelled under the NYC's yard . . .  

And yes, zugmann, the PRR did have similar containers !  From some very quick and limited research, here are a couple links to more information from a model manufacturer's website, including a reference to a 1985 PRR T&HS publication on the containers:

http://www.kohs.com/PRR%20G22b%20Pages/Container%20Prod%20Sample%20Photos/Container%20Prod%20Sample%20Photos.html

 http://www.kohs.com/PRR%20G22b%20Pages/G22b%20Reference.html 

If there's any of them left - and/ or the NYC's, too for that matter - they ought to be in a museum (if they aren't already, though I doubt that).  They represent important milestones in the development of containerization, and the PRR's role in that..  I don't know if there's a museum to containers yet, but if so that's where they belong.  If not, then there's a certain state-affiiated RR museum (as well as a notable short-line RR) not far from you that ought to be quite glad to get one or two of them.  i wonder if they even know they're still extant . . .  

Thanks again to both of you. 

- Paul North.

[zugmann]

Did PRR have similar devices/service?  There a few containers that look like the ones pictured above with PRR markings that are being used for sheds in some of our local yards.

[henry6]

Great pics!!!!

[wanswheel]

Paul_D_North_Jr

wanswheel:

  [snip]  http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-1.jpg

http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-2.jpg 

  It would be most interesting and worthwhile to know the dates of these 2 photos which show the square/ rectangular containers at a NYC yard of some kind . . .

Paul, it has to be 1930s because the High Line is up around the 30th St. Yard.   In case you haven't seen it lately....

http://railyardsblog.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/historic-image-large.jpg

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3414/3250575471_3cfd1b0f9c_b.jpg?rand=169772561

Looking east from 11th Ave.  The brakeman is not on the container car, he's on a boxcar on the next track. In the distance, exactly beyond where the brakeman is standing, I can see the Hotel Pennsylvania above the top of Penn Station above the top of New York Post Office.  PRR had tunneled directly under this New York Central & Hudson River yard.

 

[Paul_D_North_Jr]

samfp1943

[snip]  . . . which would put them some where between the 1910 to middle 1930's at the latest . . .

  Sam -

Thanks for the 'eagle-eye' sleuthing !    As best as I can now recall, Kneiling said the 1920's, which is right in the middle of your time estimate (above), and of course is consistent with henry6's reference to the 1920's (further above). 

I hadn't thought about these cars or containers since the last time I looked at a Lionel O Gauge trains catalog.  EDIT:  For example, see: http://www.davestrains.com/stock/6062rCans2.jpg  There's a big train show here in Allentown this coming weekend - might just go and see if I can pick up one of these for a reasonable price . . .  

- Paul North. 

P.S. - From a review of a book - The Lehigh Valley Railroad across New Jersey (Images of Rail) - at: http://www.amazon.com/Lehigh-Valley-Railroad-across-Jersey/dp/0738565768 

"I learn something new in every Images of Rails book. My "pleasant discovery" in The Lehigh Valley Railroad Across New Jersey is found on the page 28-29 spread, which shows an A-B-B lashup of F units hauling several of the Lehigh Valley's 95 unique gondolas which were equipped with pressurized air containers for moving dry bulk cement from eastern Pennsylvania to the New York Harbor.

The containers would be lifted by cranes and placed on barges, which brought them to construction sites in and around New York Harbor.

These gondolas and their pressurized air containers would make an excellent modeling project for the enterprising O-scale modeler--who could probably count on selling excess inventory to other modelers intrigued by the car's shape and distinctive outline."  - PDN. 

[samfp1943]

Paul_D_North_Jr

wanswheel:

  [snip]  http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-1.jpg

http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-2.jpg 

  It would be most interesting and worthwhile to know the dates of these 2 photos which show the square/ rectangular containers at a NYC yard of some kind . . .

Because what they show is the birth of the container and intermodal age !  There'd be not much point to having the 'lifting loops' on the top or runnning them to a yard with an overhead crane, if they weren't going to be lifted out of the car for some further use or service, even if just for unloading.  (The same is also true for the round cement containers that started this thread.)  I believe John Kneiling referred to these early NYC operations once or twice, and also David J. Deboer in his book Piggyback and Containers (Golden West Books, 1992). 

Thanks for finding and sharing, Mike/ wanswheel !

- Paul North. 

Paul;:

A couple of things:  If you pt your cursor in the photos on the links provided by Mike/Wanswheel you can get a degree of magnification that does bring out some details in the picture. More details on the containers and if you'll notice in the photos there are a couple of 'Bilboard Reeferes: A  Swifr (Premium) Car and a BORDEN'S  Co reefer Advertises Butter and Eggs and other products as well to the left of the Borden's car is an ARMOUR Meats (Cloverbloom) car; they appear to be (a guess) probably 36' reefers which would put them some where between the 1910 to middle 1930's at the latest ( when the ICC 'outlawed' Billboard style cars in interchange service.

[henry6]

Looking at the square containers I don't believe they were pressurized like the round one's used for cement.  And even in the 1920's I believe container hauling was not new at all....it was just not for general loadings.  No, these NYC cars had a specific purpose, specific comodity...just unravel have to unravel the mystery.

[samfp1943]

A little more thrashing about revealed the following link to another Forum (ATlas);

   There are a couple of excelent photos of DL&WRR  gondolas loaded with large pressurized containers (posted by Chris333) ; scrolling down a little further there is some excelent commentary by Steve Wagner and others there referencing areas of operation and loading locations.

http://forum.atlasrr.com/forum/topic.asp?ARCHIVE=true&TOPIC_ID=55643&whichpage=2

[Paul_D_North_Jr]

wanswheel

  [snip]  http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-1.jpg

http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-2.jpg 

  It would be most interesting and worthwhile to know the dates of these 2 photos which show the square/ rectangular containers at a NYC yard of some kind . . .

Because what they show is the birth of the container and intermodal age !  There'd be not much point to having the 'lifting loops' on the top or runnning them to a yard with an overhead crane, if they weren't going to be lifted out of the car for some further use or service, even if just for unloading.  (The same is also true for the round cement containers that started this thread.)  I believe John Kneiling referred to these early NYC operations once or twice, and also David J. Deboer in his book Piggyback and Containers (Golden West Books, 1992). 

Thanks for finding and sharing, Mike/ wanswheel !

- Paul North. 

[NittanyLion]

I know there were square containers they used to transport lime in.  There's a book I have that talks extensively about a lime plant in Central PA and it specifically says that they shipped lime out in covered hoppers for large industrial clients, bagged lime in boxcars as a consumer good, and in containers in gondolas to smaller industrial customers.  There's a picture later in the book of a series of rectangular containers in an NYC gon.

[henry6]

Great catch, Sam!   Pics of cement canisters are indeed round...I don't believe square would handle the pressure, so I don't know what those NYC containers were for, perhaps coke as someone indicated.   Also on this site, Sam, was a list of names, one of whom I knew years later when he moved up to Binghamton for the EL...Ted Gurka then Freight Agent at 25th St.!

[samfp1943]

While looking for a photo of this Bulk Transfer operation, I stumbled into this website:@:

http://members.trainweb.com/bedt/indloco/dlw25.html

"INDUSTRIAL & OFFLINE TERMINAL RAILROADS
OF BROOKLYN, QUEENS, STATEN ISLAND, BRONX & MANHATTAN":

TWENTY FIFTH STREET / SOUTH BROOKLYN TERMINAL
Sunset Park, Brooklyn"

"DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN RAILROAD /  
ERIE LACKAWANNA RAILROAD"

Scroll down to the section :"..Post Reconstruction - circa 1930 through circa 1964..."

then scroll down: to a picture of a pneumatic unload of the bulk cement containers in a gondola to a truck for final delivery.

This is an extremely interesting web site:a thorough discussion of the New York area, and many should enjoy surfing through it. The pictures of DL&W equipment, with employees shown is a seldom seen perspective. 

I did not mean to hi-jack a Thread, but The photo on the website of the Container to delivery truck was one I had never seen and shows and early 20th Century operation and technology.

Hope some will enjoy it.

[henry6]

Yes, the round containers were cement as I described above and as indicated in the picture of the toy train.  The square containers shown by Wanswheel are something elses again I think...earlier than the cement bottles above.

[wanswheel]

NYC crane at 11th Ave. and W. 30th St.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3005/3250575619_428a823578_b.jpg

http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-1.jpg

http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/images/ny-2.jpg

[CShaveRR]

Yes, coke can be fine (and transported in covered hoppers these days), but most of the time (from the 1920s until CSX's "Coke Express" hoppers still in existence) it could be transported in open-top cars--usually with increased height, since it's much less dense than coal.

As for the photo above, the background sky must be somewhere in the Twilight Zone--particularly since we're in a time warp in which that GN box car and those containers exist at the same time!

American Flyer offered a D&H gon with five round containers in S scale (I have one).