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FRA passenger Car Standards & Weight

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FRA passenger Car Standards & Weight
Posted by schlimm on Tuesday, December 1, 2009 10:20 PM

 The January Phillips column pointed this out in the PNRP:

"Going forward, PTC, in combination with other technologies and strategies, can offer levels of passenger protection that can be incorporated into new equipment design standards."  page 26, PNRP.

Phillips says this technology means the FRA will be able to drop the overly heavy construction standards for passenger cars and move toward the lighter Euro/Japanese designs standards.  

What, if anything real, does this really mean?  Could our passenger stock be lighter weight and thus perform at higher speeds more easily and cheaply?

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Posted by henry6 on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 7:32 AM

In effect, yes. In theory, yes. But will North America give up on its heavy guage is another question.  An Alstom VP several years ago told me several years ago there is a lot of technology being used around the world which cannot be used in the US because of how heavy and virtually overbuilt our equipment has to be.  The idea Phillips alludes is that in Europe they work toward preventing accidents while in North America they work at making accidents safer.  Could such thinking be overcome here?

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Posted by schlimm on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 9:32 AM

 Phillips tells a couple of stories in regard to this issue.  One was an unflattering nickname the French engineers had for the modified overweight test train that led to Acela.  The other was how a TGV derailed at speed, but because of very strong solid connections between cars, they all stayed upright and aligned and nobody was killed.

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Posted by jeaton on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 10:43 AM

A couple of stats to compare.

Spain's RENFE, the operator of its intercity service, latest model is a Seimans built train designated RENFE 103.  Rather than power cars on each end, it uses a distributed power system in the same concept that was employed by Amtrak's Metro Liner.  The 8800 HP train has seating capacity for 404 and a top speed of 217MPH.

The Acela motors generate 12,000 HP  (6,000 at each end) carries 304 passengers at a top speed of 150MPH.

I have no technical knowledge that would let me asses the difference in power usage and costs, but these numbers seem to say something.

 

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Posted by jeaton on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 11:19 AM

To add to the previous, here in the US we seem to be fairly obsessed withthe idea that our vehicles of all types should survive any crash.  If they weren't so pricey, some would probably own Abrams as a POV. 

That does not seem to be a view that is shared by people in other parts of the world.  On the other hand, in spite of the very large number of scooters I saw being used in Spain, I saw no riders without heavy duty head protection.  Go figure.

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Posted by schlimm on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 11:33 AM

I tried to find weight, etc., for comparisons.  Couldn't find the weight for an 8 car Acela set but the similar, unpowered LCE cars weigh 113 tons each, so the 8 car Acela (2 end units heavier) must weigh in at more than 900 tons.   By comparison, TGV's in France are 383 (empty) tons for an 8 car set with all cars powered.  The ICE 3 trainsets in Germany are very similar to the Velaro sets Siemens built for Spain, 409 vs. 425 tons, both have 8 cars, all powered.  No wonder it takes so much more horsepower to move that much mass.

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Posted by henry6 on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 11:35 AM

Europeans work at prevention solutions as suggested by Phillips.  They work at not having a crash rather than figuring out how to survive one.  So if you follow Phillis' logic that if you install safeguards you decrease accidents. Without accidents you can lighten equipment, save energy, go faster, and use proven technologies (which are also less costly than reinventing the wheel.

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Posted by schlimm on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 11:55 AM

Very true.  I wonder if we'll move forward?  I suspect there are many who would welcome a return to the real heavyweight coaches and pullmans of the 1940's.

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 1:35 PM

schlimm

 Phillips tells a couple of stories in regard to this issue.  One was an unflattering nickname the French engineers had for the modified overweight test train that led to Acela.  The other was how a TGV derailed at speed, but because of very strong solid connections between cars, they all stayed upright and aligned and nobody was killed.

I don't know if I would characterize the connections between cars as very strong and solid.  That seems to imply substantial structural strength.  I recall an account attributing the stability of the train after derailing at around 180 mph to the body motion dampers in conjunction with the articulation.  [The accident was caused by ground subsidence following an abandoned mine collapse.]

In any event, axle loads for VHST are kept under 17 tonnes (37,400 lbs), even for double-deckers. 

Frontal impact strength of 500,000 lbs was given for one VHST; but I don't know if this is representative of the UIC standard.

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 1:36 PM

 You don't have to be a rocket scientist to read between those lines.

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Posted by oltmannd on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 1:39 PM
I kind of doubt we'll ever be able to take "off the shelf" European equipment as long as 8000 ton freight trains are roaming around in proximity to the passenger trains and there is some mixed use. But is sounds like the FRA is willing to consider trading the reduced risk of head and rear end collisions for some design that would allow the equipment to absorb a punch rather than just take a punch. Also, you'd be designing for sideswipes and derailments more than collisions.

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Posted by Railway Man on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 2:19 PM

You can think of the European/Asian approach as "preventing the accident" and the U.S. approach as "surviving the accident."  Given the differences in use of the rail system between Europe/Asia and the U.S. as mentioned above, this divergence in approach is logical.

There's been lots, and lots, and lots, of talk about the FRA potentially relaxing its crashworthiness standards for lines with PTC installed.  My own conversations with the FRA at a senior level about this matter have indicated only that the FRA has "heard" this talk, not that they have any intent to agree with all the people who think this is what the FRA ought to be doing.  Given the FRA's DNA, and how the public does things in this country, I'm a little dismayed that this talk about what the FRA ought to be doing is even happening because it is more likely to concrete people inside and outside the Beltway into their existing positions than to incentive people to change their positions.  I

t would be better if there was some actual science done before people leap to the conclusion that happens to be the answer they want to hear.  Show me the comprehensive study that proves that safety goes up when vehicle strength goes down, and then you might have something worth talking about.

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Posted by Deggesty on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 3:45 PM

schlimm

Very true.  I wonder if we'll move forward?  I suspect there are many who would welcome a return to the real heavyweight coaches and pullmans of the 1940's.

I never rode in a heavyweight sleeper, but have ridden in many heavyweight coaches. It has been said that the heavyweight cars "rode like Pullmans." If the equipment is lighter, is it easier to maintain the track properly?

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Posted by schlimm on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 4:43 PM

Railway Man

I

t would be better if there was some actual science done before people leap to the conclusion that happens to be the answer they want to hear.  Show me the comprehensive study that proves that safety goes up when vehicle strength goes down, and then you might have something worth talking about.

 

I don't think that is what they are saying.  I don't know how the Euro/Japanese systems work but the evidence is out there in actual mileage experience - safe and lighter.  I don't see the need to reinvent the wheel.  Perhaps if we can separate freight from most passenger, we could proceed with major passenger improvements at a much cheaper price. 

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Posted by schlimm on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 4:46 PM

Deggesty
If the equipment is lighter, is it easier to maintain the track properly?

 

One would think so, just as highways.  As the capacity of freight cars and trucks has multiplied, so has the damage to roadbed/roads.

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Posted by jeaton on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 4:58 PM

Railway Man

You can think of the European/Asian approach as "preventing the accident" and the U.S. approach as "surviving the accident."  Given the differences in use of the rail system between Europe/Asia and the U.S. as mentioned above, this divergence in approach is logical.

There's been lots, and lots, and lots, of talk about the FRA potentially relaxing its crashworthiness standards for lines with PTC installed.  My own conversations with the FRA at a senior level about this matter have indicated only that the FRA has "heard" this talk, not that they have any intent to agree with all the people who think this is what the FRA ought to be doing.  Given the FRA's DNA, and how the public does things in this country, I'm a little dismayed that this talk about what the FRA ought to be doing is even happening because it is more likely to concrete people inside and outside the Beltway into their existing positions than to incentive people to change their positions.  I

t would be better if there was some actual science done before people leap to the conclusion that happens to be the answer they want to hear.  Show me the comprehensive study that proves that safety goes up when vehicle strength goes down, and then you might have something worth talking about.

RWM

I certainly agree with all this.  Part of the European/Asian approach to "preventing" is generally to run the high speed passenger trains on lines not used by freight trains.  Although Phillip's describes one case where a high speed train derailed without loss of life, I wouldn't argue that their approach is the safest from the standpoint of the potential for injury or loss of life.  Thinking of the 1998 wreck of a German ICE high speed train maybe, and I repeat maybe, cars constructed to US standards might have resulted in less injury and loss of life.  The train was running at 120MPH and the greatest damage was to the rearward cars that piled up against a bridge that collapsed from the impact of the derailing train.  It is possible that simply because of the speed,  cars built to US standards may have not reduced injuries and fatalities.

So, without bringing in the crash dummies, who knows for sure.

It's obvious that running high speed passenger service on lines without freight trains takes away the possibility of a collision between the two types, I don't think it is necessarily a big factor in the design of the European high speed lines.  Rather the lines are purpose built just for the much lighter and faster passenger trains and no doubt are less expensive to build and maintain than for dual purpose lines.  I rode a high speed line in Spain running north of Madrid that will eventually extend to a connection with a French line.  The trip took us through a 17 mile long dual bore tunnel through a ridge of mountains north of Madrid.  I could be wrong, but I do not think the tunnel clearances would allow their freight cars through, let alone the freight cars we use on the North American railroads.

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Posted by jeaton on Wednesday, December 2, 2009 5:24 PM

Also thinking about of the cost of purpose built lines, I believe that the signaling, wayside or PTC type, becomes less complicated and perhaps less expensive when not trying to deal with the differences in the train weight/stopping distance factors.

As for maintenance, in a previous thread Railway Man indicated that running one US freight train over tracks built to highest speed specs, Class 9? would likely knock the track out of tolerance. 

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Posted by CSSHEGEWISCH on Thursday, December 3, 2009 10:04 AM

I really hate to bring this up again but I think that one of the reasons for the heavier weight and crashworthiness of North American passenger equipment is the litigious nature of American society.

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Posted by henry6 on Thursday, December 3, 2009 10:21 AM

Which came first, the chicken or the egg?  This may be part, but only part, of the problem.  Heavy loading guage for heavy hauling led to heavier and heavier equipment for both carriage and protection.  Less has been spent on preventing accidents (except in rapid transit, which can also be argued) with more efficient and complete signalling and track maintenance here than elsewhere. 

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Posted by timz on Thursday, December 3, 2009 3:42 PM

schlimm
Couldn't find the weight for an 8 car Acela set but the similar, unpowered LCE cars weigh 113 tons each, so the 8 car Acela (2 end units heavier) must weigh in at more than 900 tons.

No idea what an LCE car is, but it probably doesn't weigh 113 tons?

Can't blame them for calling Acela a pig, but I don't think it's a 900-ton pig. Somewhere around 600, maybe?

http://www.trainweb.org/tgvpages/acela.html#trainset says 624 American tons.

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Posted by schlimm on Thursday, December 3, 2009 4:59 PM
timz

schlimm
Couldn't find the weight for an 8 car Acela set but the similar, unpowered LCE cars weigh 113 tons each, so the 8 car Acela (2 end units heavier) must weigh in at more than 900 tons.

No idea what an LCE car is, but it probably doesn't weigh 113 tons?

Can't blame them for calling Acela a pig, but I don't think it's a 900-ton pig. Somewhere around 600, maybe?

http://www.trainweb.org/tgvpages/acela.html#trainset says 624 American tons.


My error.  I meant the LRC cars, which were the basis for the cars on the Acela and I had gotten the power car weights in error.  From the Trainweb site, if you add up the individual car weights for an Acela as configured, it comes to 688 tons. Checking at the Bombardier corporate site, it says the Bombardier/Siemens ICE 3's (409 tons) also have 8 cars, all powered, and can carry 416 passengers at up to 330 kmh. maximum, compared to Acela's 304 passengers at 264 kmh. max.  The corporate site doesn't give weights, unfortunately.

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Posted by timz on Thursday, December 3, 2009 6:11 PM

schlimm
From the Trainweb site, if you add up the individual car weights for an Acela as configured, it comes to 688 tons.

I didn't add up their kilogram weights, but their pound weights total

2 x 204,000

4 x 139,000

1 x 137,000

1 x 142,000

total 1243000 lb.

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Posted by schlimm on Thursday, December 3, 2009 6:33 PM
You're right!  But it still ends up being quite heavy in comparison, 612 tons vs. 409!

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Posted by BaltACD on Thursday, December 3, 2009 6:57 PM

As long as passenger trains in the US share the tracks with freight the construction standards will not be eased...with or without PTC.

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Thursday, December 3, 2009 7:03 PM

I suspect, as much as the weight, the need to accelerate to 150 mph in less than 10 miles had something to do with the need for more power.  You're covering better than two miles a minute at the top end, so those ten miles are reeled of pretty quickly.

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Posted by schlimm on Thursday, December 3, 2009 8:11 PM

 Is that a prediction or an insider statement?

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Posted by HarveyK400 on Thursday, December 3, 2009 9:20 PM

BaltACD

As long as passenger trains in the US share the tracks with freight the construction standards will not be eased...with or without PTC.

I don't deny "Old School" thinking may prevail without any compelling evidence to support it; but what did the current strength standards do to prevent deaths at Chatsworth or at 47th St?  Would PTC, or even cab signals, more likely prevent such outcomes?

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Posted by cx500 on Friday, December 4, 2009 2:44 AM

HarveyK400

BaltACD

As long as passenger trains in the US share the tracks with freight the construction standards will not be eased...with or without PTC.

I don't deny "Old School" thinking may prevail without any compelling evidence to support it; but what did the current strength standards do to prevent deaths at Chatsworth or at 47th St?  Would PTC, or even cab signals, more likely prevent such outcomes?

 

Nothing is guaranteed to prevent deaths.  Very likely the toll would have been far higher with less robust construction  The reality is that we tend to forget, or never hear about, the other train accidents where no passengers were killed.

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Posted by schlimm on Friday, December 4, 2009 8:19 AM

 These accounts (from the dreaded Wikipedia) of accidents on the HSR's in France give some sense of how their coaches allow for good survivability and that they have had accidents at level crossings and are eliminating them.


On LGVs

  • 14 December 1992: TGV 920 from Annecy to Paris, operated by set 56, derailed at 270 km/h (168 mph) at Mâcon-Loché TGV station (Saône-et-Loire). A previous emergency stop had caused a wheel flat; the bogie concerned derailed while crossing the points at the entrance to the station. No one on the train was injured, but 25 passengers waiting on the platform for another TGV were slightly injured by ballast that was thrown up from the trackbed.
  • 21 December 1993: TGV 7150 from Valenciennes to Paris, operated by set 511, derailed at 300 km/h (186 mph) at the site of Haute Picardie TGV station, before it was built. Rain had caused a hole to open up under the track; the hole dated from the First World War but had not been detected during construction. The front power car and four carriages derailed but remained aligned with the track. Of the 200 passengers, one was slightly injured.
  • 5 June 2000: Eurostar 9073 from Paris to London, operated by sets 3101/2 owned by NMBS/SNCB, derailed at 250 km/h (155 mph) in the Nord-Pas de Calais region near Croisilles.[49] The transmission assembly on the rear bogie of the front power car failed, with parts falling onto the track. Four bogies out of 24 derailed. Out of 501 passengers, seven were bruised[50] and others treated for shock.[51]

On lignes classiques

  • 31 December 1983: A bomb allegedly planted by the terrorist organisation of Carlos the Jackal exploded on board a TGV from Marseille to Paris; two people were killed.
  • 28 September 1988: TGV 736, operated by set 70 "Melun", collided with a lorry carrying an electric transformer weighing 100 tonnes that had become stuck on a level crossing in Voiron, Isère. The vehicle had not been permitted to cross by the French Direction départementale de l'équipement. The weight of the lorry caused a very violent collision; the train driver and a passenger died, and 25 passengers were slightly injured.
  • 4 January 1991: after a brake failure, TGV 360 ran away from Châtillon depot. The train was directed onto an unoccupied track and collided with the car loading ramp at Paris-Vaugirard station at 60 km/h (37 mph). No one was injured. The leading power car and the first two carriages were severely damaged, and were rebuilt.
  • 25 September 1997: TGV 7119 from Paris to Dunkerque, operated by set 502, collided at 130 km/h (81 mph) with a 70 tonne (77 short ton; 69 long ton) asphalt paving machine on a level crossing at Bierne, near Dunkerque. The power car spun round and fell down an embankment. The front two carriages left the track and came to a stop in woods beside the track. Seven people were injured.
  • 31 October 2001: TGV 8515 from Paris to Irun derailed at 130 km/h (81 mph) near Dax in southwest France. All ten carriages derailed and the rear power unit fell over. The cause was a broken rail.
  • 30 January 2003: a TGV from Dunkerque to Paris collided at 106 km/h (66 mph) with a heavy goods vehicle stuck on the level crossing at Esquelbecq in northern France. The front power car was severely damaged, but only one bogie derailed. Only the driver was slightly injured.
  • 19 December 2007: a TGV train from Paris to Geneva collided at about 100 km/h (62 mph) with a truck on a level crossing near Tossiat in eastern France, near the Swiss border. The driver of the truck died; on the train, one was seriously injured and 24 were slightly injured.[52]

Following the number of accidents at level crossings, an effort has been made to remove all level crossings on lignes classiques used by TGVs. The ligne classique from Tours to Bordeaux at the end of the LGV Atlantique has no level crossings as a result.

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Posted by aegrotatio on Friday, December 4, 2009 12:36 PM

 What about the Talgo equipment on Amtrak Cascades, the lightweight Turboliner and Turbotrain sets, and others?  I thought they were more lightweight.  Even more lightweight trains were used before Amtrak/Conrail and were considered failures partially due to "ride quality" among other things.

 

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