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How fast can trains using third-rail traction go?

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Posted by MidlandMike on Thursday, June 14, 2012 1:20 PM

While I consider myself a juice fan, apparently I'm not hard core.  Saying that people will just get used to the wires, is not much of a selling point to the general public, as is evident by Innorail and other hidden wire products coming on the market.  Like any emerging technology, time will tell if it is to become commercially viable.  It has the potential to bring traction to places never considered likely.

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Posted by HowieM on Thursday, June 14, 2012 7:05 AM

Your point is well taken. All the more reason why I don't understand the enthusiasm, in the face of higher capital costs, for systems like Innorail as in Bourdeaux.

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Posted by daveklepper on Thursday, June 14, 2012 4:52 AM

Properly designed and installed catenary need not be an eyesore by any means.  The beauty of much Swiss landscape is not marred by their railways, nearly all electrified with overhead wire,

There was much concern here in Jerusalem about the light rail next to the historic Old City walls.  Now that it is up and running, we don't hear complaints.   The parked cars and busses are a greater eyesore anyway.

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Posted by HowieM on Wednesday, June 13, 2012 1:10 PM

I think we can all remember "concerns" people have had over unsightly trolley poles and wiren when new lines have been comtemplated. The Euros don't have a problem with that. I just came back from Itlay and rode several HSR trains. You go so fast that the electrical gear goes by so fast you can't even see it.

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Posted by henry6 on Wednesday, June 13, 2012 12:23 PM

Maybe it's because I grew up alongside the Lackawanna and saw a lot of the PRR, even some Reading, I am not sure catenary is that much of a distraction from the scenery either as part of it or from a vantage point of looking at it.  How much more speed can be obtained south of Harmon is debatable enough and short enough distance as to not matter...north of Harmon I believe the Rhor Turbos could exceed 100 where permission was available...but how much faster is feasable for economy, timing, etc.  I have ridden Amtrak and MNRR below Poughkeepsie and the panorama is blocked more by foliage and buildings than by speed, too, in some sections, but still speed does not detract.

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Posted by MidlandMike on Wednesday, June 13, 2012 12:05 PM

daveklepper

100mph is probably not the limit, and I suspect they can push their present technology to 125mph by upgrading maintenance and sitll avoid problems.

However, every post-WWII study about electrification Croton-Harmon - Albany has assumed 12,500 or 25,000 volts 60 Hz overhead wire.

I generally favor electrification in it's most practical form for the situation.  However, many people consider the riverside line thru the Hudson Highlands to be the most scenic rail line in the east.  To preserve sight lines, I hope at least the initial section would be 3rd rail as far north as Beacon , or maybe to Poughkeepsie to simplify Metro-North operations.  The curving nature of that section puts in speed restrictions anyway.

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Posted by HowieM on Wednesday, June 13, 2012 7:02 AM

How ironic you should mention higher speed rail Croton to Albany this week because NY newspapers have been replete with stories concerning the scrapping of the Pataki- era turbo trains.

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Posted by daveklepper on Wednesday, June 13, 2012 5:09 AM

100mph is probably not the limit, and I suspect they can push their present technology to 125mph by upgrading maintenance and sitll avoid problems.

However, every post-WWII study about electrification Croton-Harmon - Albany has assumed 12,500 or 25,000 volts 60 Hz overhead wire.

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Posted by MidlandMike on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 9:38 PM

HowieM

Reliability is more important than speed for commuter rail. LIRR is/will be undertaking projects that will accomplish this including Jamaica station and interlocking improvements.

I realize the Nassau County trains are short haul (I used to live there), however beyond that, Suffolk County has 1.5 million people who might someday appreciate a fast one-seat ride to NY.

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Posted by henry6 on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 5:12 PM

HowieM

Reliability is more important than speed for commuter rail. LIRR is/will be undertaking projects that will accomplish this including Jamaica station and interlocking improvements.

Definitely speed beyond what is obtainable today is of no consequence to the LIRR because of stop and starts commuter patterns and high density of that traffic.  Elimination of more grade crossings would possibley help along with double tracking or lengthening of sidings in many places. 

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Posted by Stourbridge Lion on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 1:34 PM

PCDavid - Welcome to trains.com! Cowboy

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Posted by HowieM on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 1:26 PM

Reliability is more important than speed for commuter rail. LIRR is/will be undertaking projects that will accomplish this including Jamaica station and interlocking improvements.

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Posted by PCDavid on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 1:17 PM

Although the "official" world speed record for third-rail traction may be 108mph, I know of at least 2 authoritative records of British Class 442 units achieving 117mph, and I personally recorded 111mph with their predecessors as long ago as 1976.  However, with today's strict monitoring, speeds significantly above the 100mph limit are almost unheard of.

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Posted by MidlandMike on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 12:43 PM

HowieM

Really what is the point, high speed rail everywhere is doing just fine with catenary. All future plans for HSR or HrSR will be with catenary so who needs third rail at high speed? 

Long Island might want the option, as they push their existing 3rd rail further out onto the island.

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Posted by HowieM on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 8:44 AM

Really what is the point, high speed rail everywhere is doing just fine with catenary. All future plans for HSR or HrSR will be with catenary so who needs third rail at high speed? 

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Posted by daveklepper on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 3:52 AM

Again, I agree with you about pantograph at high voltage vs shoe at high current.    The shoe problem could be solved by a train power bus, with fat jumpers between cars.    But still, substations every few miles?   Not practical.

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Posted by Falcon48 on Tuesday, June 12, 2012 1:10 AM

beaulieu

The only caveat I have Dave is that it is better to have a pantograph under high voltage/Lower current break contact, rather than a Third-rail Shoe with Low Voltage/High Current, if say the vehicle bounced on its springs due to track irregularities.

According to the Hilton-Due book on interurbans railways, the Michigan Railway (an interurban) tried to operate its 1915 Grand Rapids -Battle Creek-Kalamazoo-Allegan (Michigan) extension with a 2,400 volt DC third rail.  It was not a sucess.  Among other problems, the current would arc between the third rail and the journal boxes. The danger was from the current was thought to be so great that waiting passengers had to be kept in locked loading pens, which the conductors unlocked when their trains arrived.  It was converted to 1,200 volts after about a year.

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Posted by MidlandMike on Monday, June 11, 2012 8:57 PM

CSSHEGEWISCH

In fairness, a pair of RS3's would be rated at 3200 HP, while the rebuilt P-motor had a continuous rating of 4243 HP.

What I was really trying to get at was the thousands of amps going thru 2 third rail shoes, or only 1 shoe at gaps.

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Posted by chrisjmiller on Monday, June 11, 2012 4:23 PM

The world speed record for third rail traction is held by a British 442 multiple unit at 108mph.  In normal operation, these units were limited to 100mph.  Much of the rail south of London is electrified with the third rail system (750V DC) and the majority of modern units are rated at 100mph.  This is not achieved all that often on most routes, however, as this is commuter territory and the distances between stations are not that great.

There used to be a side-contact 1200V DC third rail system linking Manchester to nearby Bury.  It is now part of a light rail system and uses overhead catenary.

The Eurostar locos that run through the channel tunnel are true high-speed trains running at up to 300kph (186mph).  When the London terminal was Waterloo, they used 3rd rail on the British side of the tunnel, where they were restricted to 100mph.  Now they have a dedicated (25kV AC overhead) line to the new terminal at London St Pancras and the 3rd rail equipment has been removed.

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Posted by henry6 on Monday, June 11, 2012 4:03 PM

As I indicated, my first (known) 100+mph experience was with LIRR in 1977 going west from Jamaica when the fan group pulled out stop watches and proclaimed to be going just over a100.  So 3rd rail 100mph is possible here in the states, the question is therfore, is it sustainable or useable?

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Posted by jeremygharrison on Monday, June 11, 2012 3:57 PM

In the UK speeds of up to 100mph are allowed (and reached) on the third rail (BR Southern as was).

The class 92 electric locos (for Channel Tunnel traffic) are rated at 5360hp on 3rd rail (750v dc) (more on 25kv ac overhead) - they are Co-Co's with twelve shoes (six each side).

The French had one line (in the Alps) which for many years had 1500v dc third rail.

 

 

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Posted by oltmannd on Monday, June 11, 2012 2:06 PM

aegrotatio

How fast can trains using third-rail traction go?

Some people say 90 MPH on the LIRR.  Others say less.  Does over- and under-running make any difference?

 

The number I always heard floating around the old PC guys, who should know this stuff, early in my career was 100 mph.  Beyond that, there were problems keeping the shoes in solid contact with the rail.  The shoe would start bouncing.

I suppose you could design a more complicated shoe spring system with some damping to keep the shoe nicely in contact, but there was (is?) no demand for it.

I don't find it hard to believe that the LIRR ran close to 100 mph.  I recall riding a south shore line train of M1s the early 1980s that was easily over 90 mph.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by CSSHEGEWISCH on Monday, June 11, 2012 12:08 PM

In fairness, a pair of RS3's would be rated at 3200 HP, while the rebuilt P-motor had a continuous rating of 4243 HP.

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Posted by MidlandMike on Monday, June 11, 2012 10:40 AM

Those figures give me a new appreciation for the NYC electrification.  In the 60s I sometimes rode the Harlem line starting out in diesel territory.  Commuter trains might have had a dozen heavyweight cars pulled by a couple of RS-3's.  At North White Plains (then the north end of 3rd rail) the Alcos came off, and a P-motor with a couple more coaches would couple on, to haul the whole thing to GCT, with all power conducting thru 1 or 2 third rail shoes (though it was not what you would call high speed operation).

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Posted by erikem on Monday, June 11, 2012 8:25 AM

Minor correction, CCT's 1200V was the highest voltage successfully used on third rail, the Michigan Railways had a problematic time with 2400V third rail operation and gave up after a short time.

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Posted by daveklepper on Monday, June 11, 2012 4:29 AM

YOu are correct that high speed with third rail would definitely require mu operation, because of the limite on sintgle shoe current pick-up.   1200V CCT was definitely the highest volage ever used on third rail. That would allow spacing substations abouit every four miles,, some improvement but not enouigh.   Mx for AC would be 840V     That would give about 1200 peak to ground which is what the insulaton must be rated for.

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Posted by erikem on Sunday, June 10, 2012 10:32 PM

Might be worthwhile crunching a few numbers.

Short term power draw for an AEM-7 would be ~7 MW, which would be close to 12,000A at 600V or a bit more reasonable 6,000A at 1200V (Central California Traction used 1200V third rail for many years). With that, the third rail shoes would have to be fairly stout to handle the current, which would entail a higher contact pressure to maintain contact at high speeds. Using MU cars would allow current collection to be spread over more shoes, but there would still be a limit on how much current the rails an conduct - recall a limit of 14,000A for the NYC Grand Central electrification and about the same for the NY subways.

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Posted by daveklepper on Sunday, June 10, 2012 3:01 PM

Both problems can be handled by bussing the power as the Reading did.  However, that may make problems at section breaks, requiring a neutral non-powered floating section.   The real problem is the high power with third rail and low voltage means huge current and thus a substation every half mile or mile or wads of expensive copper feeder cable paralleling the third rail and the ground return of the running rails, both very expensive.  11000 volt electrification means a substation eveyr ten to twenty-fiv emiles, and at 25,000 volts it can be 25  to 60 miles.  Lots of savings there.

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Posted by beaulieu on Friday, June 8, 2012 9:44 AM

The only caveat I have Dave is that it is better to have a pantograph under high voltage/Lower current break contact, rather than a Third-rail Shoe with Low Voltage/High Current, if say the vehicle bounced on its springs due to track irregularities.

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