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Railroads Struggle to Deliver Coal to Utilities

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Posted by jeaton on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 1:04 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by idhull

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by jeaton
[br
I will add to my original point. Of all the track abandoned, what was the split of branch line and trunk line, and then just how much of the abandoned trunk line would now be useful.


But, branchlines are just not a capacity issue. The closing of a phosphate mine on some branch has little to do with discussions of capacity, which is a through route or mainline issue and even at that, the discussion is tempered by management of existing mainlines as much as broad discussions of mainline abandonment.


You are quite right with respect to lines that are served only by one or two significant customers. But there are many examples of where main routes whether sections of multiple track or whole complete lines have been abandoned or removed for short term gain. In the past the railroads have been guilty of making the capacity meet the traffic level rather than going out and marketing their services so that the traffic level meets the capacity. Obviously technology also plays a role in their decision to replace multi-track routes with signalled single track routes but in my opinion signals do not replace track. It is one thing to downgrade a triple track route to double track but to downgrade a double track route to single is part of the reason why we are where we are today.
Railroads have been guilty of abandoning routes that while not being high density routes do have enough volume to remain open but choose to re-route the traffic via alternate routes to save money. The problem is that they assume the traffic will follow their plan in spite of longer transit times due to indirect routings. This means the cost increases in the long term.
The other thing people forget about is the impact of passenger train service on rail density. Although gross ton miles may have increased on many routes the actual number of trains has declined due to the withdrawal of passenger service. If the government or somebody had supported more passenger service much of the infrastructure would have been maintained. It is not just tonnage that makes a rail line viable. Passenger train service tends to keep the trackage and signal system at a higher level which also benefits freight. The question has always been how much of the costs should be borne by the freight and passenger components.




And just how much success would any marketing or sales type have calling on the closed factory or a tipple serving a mined out facility? I was there, and let me tell you that railroad marketing were working as hard as they could to market their services.

Short term, long term or intermediate term, even if there is no direct expense to hold on to an idle asset (not true with rail lines), there is an oppurtunity cost. That is to say that the salvage or scrap value is converted to ca***o put in the bank to earn interest or invested into something makes money. Top do otherwise is the same as putting your money in a coffee can to bury in the back yard.

"We have met the enemy and he is us." Pogo Possum "We have met the anemone... and he is Russ." Bucky Katt "Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future." Niels Bohr, Nobel laureate in physics

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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 4:56 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by jeaton
Short term, long term or intermediate term, even if there is no direct expense to hold on to an idle asset (not true with rail lines), there is an oppurtunity cost. That is to say that the salvage or scrap value is converted to ca***o put in the bank to earn interest or invested into something makes money. Top do otherwise is the same as putting your money in a coffee can to bury in the back yard.

The cash in the Coffee Can does not appreciate. Real property usually does.

Railroads were not going to go broke sitting on valuable, appreciating real property assets. The Land Grant roads did just fine followng exactly that philosophy. Indeed, in general real estate over the time period being discussed typically appreciated faster than the ordinary rate of return. If there was an "opportunity cost" it was probably incurred by selling off the assets.

Discussing scrap value. If it generally cost about $1 million to get a line in shape from scratch, but $100,000 could be recovered in scrap, here's the opportunity cost. By maintaining the ROW, if the value of that ROW at the end of 20 years was a $1 million per mile to the railroad, the Present Value of that exceeds the Present Value of the opportunity cost gained by selling the scrap and reinvesting it, over that same 20 year period at 9%.

Which is the better investment? Well, that's where long range planning comes in and yet, the intrinsic appreciated value of the real property alone can equal or exceed the opportunity cost gained by scrapping and sale, let alone the value of the property to the railroad for railroad purposes.

Yes, there is an "opportunity cost" to anything. Simply saying it doesn't mean anything however unless you actually know what it is.
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Posted by n012944 on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 5:07 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by jeaton
Short term, long term or intermediate term, even if there is no direct expense to hold on to an idle asset (not true with rail lines), there is an oppurtunity cost. That is to say that the salvage or scrap value is converted to ca***o put in the bank to earn interest or invested into something makes money. Top do otherwise is the same as putting your money in a coffee can to bury in the back yard.

A touch of real world here.

Which is the better investment? Well, that's where long range planning comes in and yet, the intrinsic appreciated value of the real property alone can equal or exceed the opportunity cost gained by scrapping and sale, let alone the value of the property to the railroad for railroad purposes.



However when you are struggeling to pay you bills, sometimes one must take the short term gain over the long term to survivie. The railroads of the 70's/early 80's were facing exactly that.


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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 5:31 PM
Here's a reference, reprinted from another thread, from a friend of mine, a retired BN dispatcher, about track management on an existing mainline, which might show up on a "map" as a "route" without showing that it, too, had been constricted by policies aimed at reducing even capacity on existing routes.

"Tearing out "redundant" trackage was one of the few things they were good at.

"The one that comes to mind immediately is Easton to Martin, 11 miles, on former NP . Of course just a couple years after that they shut the whole *** line down.

"They were looking long and hard at Seattle to Portland also- made several studies about single tracking it. About that time, along came Grinstein and the Frisco Reign of Terror was over.

"They loved to take out sidings too. One notable one I remember: On the CTC main line there was a siding near Everett WA extending westward from Lowell station past a crossover at next station called PA Jct, and then extending another half mile to the entrance to the Everett tunnel, where it re joined the main track. At PA Jct the line to Vancouver Canada branched off. Trains coming off the Vancouver line headed toward Everett tunnel and Seattle were on an upgrade at this junction and couldnt be stopped at the junction point (in the case of a more important train using the mainline) or they would stall, so instead of making them wait at the crossover at that point, we always headed them into the siding extension at PA Jct and once they passed that point they would be on level siding track and could pull their train to the west switch at the mouth of the tunnel, and from that point they could easily stop and start again if necessary. Saved a lot of delay.

"One day Pisser Bill Thompson and some dumb Frisco car toad who had recently been appointed Trainmaster although he was from (where else?) Sprang-field Mo, and knew nothing of the territory, were in their hy rail vehicle, and they wanted to use this siding extension but instead of calling it "The siding between PA Jct and Everett Jct" as they should have, they told the dispatcher they wanted to use the "Siding at Lowell." So the dispatcher blocked out the portion from Lowell to PA Jct and gave them a written permit betweeen those stations. They then proceeded to hyrail into the little short extension, even though it was outside their territory. The dispatcher then ran a train from Vancouver into this short siding to meet an eastbound train for SPokane coming thru the Everett Tunnel. Well guess what -- the Vancouver train barely got stopped in time before running into the hy rail. Of course the fur flew and the Frisco dinks were getting ready to fire a dispatcher, but then they discovered whose mistake it actually was and the whole thing got dropped. - Until the following month, that is, when a crane showed up and completely removed the siding extension. The Frisco dinks felt it needed to be removed because it was "too confusing" to have a siding divided between three stations. After that, all the Vancouver trains waited a mile away at the bottom of the hill if we couldnt take them onto the main track at PA Jct immediately.

"These are the same rocket scientists who closed up Minot Hump Yard, Wenatchee yard, Wishram yard, took out or discontinued the hump at Pasco, and were seriously considering closing the Flat/Hump yard at Interbay (Seattle). They closed Stampede Pass, sold the Milw Snoqualmie pass to the State, shut down Bayside Yard at Everett, etc. After they were gone some of these facilities were in part restored."

" I figure at their peak they cost us at least one fourth of our rail handling capacity due to their shutting down of facilities and other things that kept the railroad fluid."

"If you extrapolate this little bit of info I gave you re the NW Corner of the RR, into the whole BN you can maybe see why railroads like BN and UP are having problems taking care of business. Every time they have just the slightest downturn they went looking for track to tear up, and now it is costing them ."
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Posted by Murphy Siding on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 5:46 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol


The cash in the Coffee Can does not appreciate. Real property usually does.

Railroads were not going to go broke sitting on valuable, appreciating real property assets. The Land Grant roads did just fine followng exactly that philosophy. Indeed, in general real estate over the time period being discussed typically appreciated faster than the ordinary rate of return. If there was an "opportunity cost" it was probably incurred by selling off the assets.

Discussing scrap value. If it generally cost about $1 million to get a line in shape from scratch, but $100,000 could be recovered in scrap, here's the opportunity cost. By maintaining the ROW, if the value of that ROW at the end of 20 years was a $1 million per mile to the railroad, the Present Value of that exceeds the Present Value of the opportunity cost gained by selling the scrap and reinvesting it, over that same 20 year period at 9%.

Which is the better investment? Well, that's where long range planning comes in and yet, the intrinsic appreciated value of the real property alone can equal or exceed the opportunity cost gained by scrapping and sale, let alone the value of the property to the railroad for railroad purposes.

Yes, there is an "opportunity cost" to anything. Simply saying it doesn't mean anything however unless you actually know what it is.

But still, back to one of the basic question: These numbers sure look good in this hypothetical example, if the railroads knew 20 years beforehand, which lines were going to be of such value in the future. 20/20 hindsight is a pretty easy thing to have. When the lines were torn up, they were done so, with the reality of the time. Without a crystal ball, I'm not convinced the railroads could predict the future.

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Posted by n012944 on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 5:51 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

Here's a reference, reprinted from another thread, from a friend of mine, a retired BN dispatcher, about track management on an existing mainline, which might show up on a "map" as a "route" without showing that it, too, had been constricted by policies aimed at reducing even capacity on existing routes.

"Tearing out "redundant" trackage was one of the few things they were good at.

"The one that comes to mind immediately is Easton to Martin, 11 miles, on former NP . Of course just a couple years after that they shut the whole *** line down.

"They were looking long and hard at Seattle to Portland also- made several studies about single tracking it. About that time, along came Grinstein and the Frisco Reign of Terror was over.

"They loved to take out sidings too. One notable one I remember: On the CTC main line there was a siding near Everett WA extending westward from Lowell station past a crossover at next station called PA Jct, and then extending another half mile to the entrance to the Everett tunnel, where it re joined the main track. At PA Jct the line to Vancouver Canada branched off. Trains coming off the Vancouver line headed toward Everett tunnel and Seattle were on an upgrade at this junction and couldnt be stopped at the junction point (in the case of a more important train using the mainline) or they would stall, so instead of making them wait at the crossover at that point, we always headed them into the siding extension at PA Jct and once they passed that point they would be on level siding track and could pull their train to the west switch at the mouth of the tunnel, and from that point they could easily stop and start again if necessary. Saved a lot of delay.

"One day Pisser Bill Thompson and some dumb Frisco car toad who had recently been appointed Trainmaster although he was from (where else?) Sprang-field Mo, and knew nothing of the territory, were in their hy rail vehicle, and they wanted to use this siding extension but instead of calling it "The siding between PA Jct and Everett Jct" as they should have, they told the dispatcher they wanted to use the "Siding at Lowell." So the dispatcher blocked out the portion from Lowell to PA Jct and gave them a written permit betweeen those stations. They then proceeded to hyrail into the little short extension, even though it was outside their territory. The dispatcher then ran a train from Vancouver into this short siding to meet an eastbound train for SPokane coming thru the Everett Tunnel. Well guess what -- the Vancouver train barely got stopped in time before running into the hy rail. Of course the fur flew and the Frisco dinks were getting ready to fire a dispatcher, but then they discovered whose mistake it actually was and the whole thing got dropped. - Until the following month, that is, when a crane showed up and completely removed the siding extension. The Frisco dinks felt it needed to be removed because it was "too confusing" to have a siding divided between three stations. After that, all the Vancouver trains waited a mile away at the bottom of the hill if we couldnt take them onto the main track at PA Jct immediately.

"These are the same rocket scientists who closed up Minot Hump Yard, Wenatchee yard, Wishram yard, took out or discontinued the hump at Pasco, and were seriously considering closing the Flat/Hump yard at Interbay (Seattle). They closed Stampede Pass, sold the Milw Snoqualmie pass to the State, shut down Bayside Yard at Everett, etc. After they were gone some of these facilities were in part restored."

" I figure at their peak they cost us at least one fourth of our rail handling capacity due to their shutting down of facilities and other things that kept the railroad fluid."

"If you extrapolate this little bit of info I gave you re the NW Corner of the RR, into the whole BN you can maybe see why railroads like BN and UP are having problems taking care of business. Every time they have just the slightest downturn they went looking for track to tear up, and now it is costing them ."




Sounds like a guy who still thinks you need crew change points every two hundred miles. From my experience the rank and file do not alway see the big picture, they just see how it affects them.


Bert

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Posted by jeaton on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 6:01 PM
Your example works for 20 years, but $100,000 at 9% for 27 years goes over a $million. But let us not forget the risk. It does cut both ways, but if at the time of decision to bank or scrap the estimate is that the track will never have a productive purpose, then the decision to scrap would seem to be appropriate.

To be fair, I only suggested the existance the ongoing cost to keep the property which might be just the property tax and while it would likely be well below the $1 million per mile to rebuild, after a couple of decades sitting idle, there is going to be an expense to put the track back in shape. You might also remember that under the betterment accounting system, the track was not depreciated. Tearing it up converts the book value to a current expense, which can become a nice non-cash deduction from taxable income. All of the above goes into the decision making process to dispose of unneeded or unused assets. As I have said before, I don't know of very many business that will keep unused production assets that will have no use in the foreseeable future.

"We have met the enemy and he is us." Pogo Possum "We have met the anemone... and he is Russ." Bucky Katt "Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future." Niels Bohr, Nobel laureate in physics

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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 6:01 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by jeaton
Short term, long term or intermediate term, even if there is no direct expense to hold on to an idle asset (not true with rail lines), there is an oppurtunity cost. That is to say that the salvage or scrap value is converted to ca***o put in the bank to earn interest or invested into something makes money. Top do otherwise is the same as putting your money in a coffee can to bury in the back yard.

The cash in the Coffee Can does not appreciate. Real property usually does.

Railroads were not going to go broke sitting on valuable, appreciating real property assets. The Land Grant roads did just fine followng exactly that philosophy. Indeed, in general real estate over the time period being discussed typically appreciated faster than the ordinary rate of return. If there was an "opportunity cost" it was probably incurred by selling off the assets.

Discussing scrap value. If it generally cost about $1 million to get a line in shape from scratch, but $100,000 could be recovered in scrap, here's the opportunity cost. By maintaining the ROW, if the value of that ROW at the end of 20 years was a $1 million per mile to the railroad, the Present Value of that exceeds the Present Value of the opportunity cost gained by selling the scrap and reinvesting it, over that same 20 year period at 9%.

Which is the better investment? Well, that's where long range planning comes in and yet, the intrinsic appreciated value of the real property alone can equal or exceed the opportunity cost gained by scrapping and sale, let alone the value of the property to the railroad for railroad purposes.

Yes, there is an "opportunity cost" to anything. Simply saying it doesn't mean anything however unless you actually know what it is.


The opportunity can also be a liability depending on how good your crystal ball is. The question of which line(s) to save and which to scrap is the whole line of this section of the thread. Someone even asked Dave, the supposed bookkeeper, to predict which lines that are being considered for abandonment today should be saved for such a possible use 20 years from now. He couldn't, any more than the people making the decisions 20 or 30 years ago could make that prediction for today. The whole thing is a gamble, you take your best guess based on past trends, up and coming businesses, demands that may or may not grow to the point where you can make a profit transporting the products, and hope your "opportunity costs" from today doesn't become "money down the crapper" tomorrow.

Dave's choice to "Monday morning quarterback" the abandonments decided a couple decades ago doesn't mean a thing, especially in view of the fact that he can't do any better today for the trackage needed 20 years in the future.

Sort of makes you wonder where the screen name "Futuremodal" comes from.
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Posted by Anonymous on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 8:16 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by Murphy Siding

QUOTE: Originally posted by futuremodal

Murphy,

I think you will understand this:

The decommissioned power plants were replaced by newer power plants.

The abandoned rail lines were not replaced by newer rail lines.

Comprende muchacho?

Similar to how the traffic from unprofitable rail lines was replaced by traffic on other lines, and gasp! highways? I see the similarities, even if you don't.


So you're sure that traffic from so-called unprofitable rail lines (a debatable point in and of itself) went to other lines? Sure, some went to highways, but isn't that what we're trying to prevent? Not to mention manufacturing that has moved overseas, not to mention production facilities that just shut down, period?

What you are missing from the power plant analogy is that the power plants that were shut down tended to be smaller, e.g. lower economies of scale, and were replaced by larger power plants, most of the time by the same utility. The utilities didn't just "cash out" the asset to sex up the balance sheet like the railroads did ("Wow, look at our present cash flow! We railroad CEO's deserve a big fat bonus, isn't that right all you stockholders?").

Subsequently, if the railroads had acted like the utilities, they would have replaced the abandoned lines with newer more modern trackage. They didn't, ergo the comparison is not apt.

QUOTE:
QUOTE:
And I never said all abandoned rail lines should have been saved. We talked about that before, not to long ago. You have either a very poor memory, or a very disingenuous tact for trying to denegrate folks such as I. Which is it?

[(-D][(-D][(-D] It must be poor memory, or trying to hit a moving target. As far as the disingenuous tract,well, I don't think so. I did have chilie for dinner last night, though, so maybe that's part of the problem?[;)] I did go back and look. Sure enough, you did provide info on two current rail lines.
As you keep refering back to past abandonments that you think railroads made in error, I keep thinking that they did what made sense at the time. So what abandonded lines, (other than the Milwaukee Road, I'll give you that one, as we all know the feelings of everybody on that one)are you talking about?


It's not just about abandonments, it's about reduced trackage system wide, including the loss of double track portions, sidings, et al. It's also about lines that were bled dry (e.g. the profits from the line were not returned for the lines upkeep), then when the cost of getting the line back to decent standards became so extreme the railroads tried to hardball steep rate hikes ostensibly for the "true cost" of getting the line back into shape. (As if the revenues from the new steep rate hikes would also go to actually rehabbing the line and not sent back east for padding the CEO's bonus check!)

You mention the Milwaukee PCE. Well, portions of that line are actually under the auspices of a "second chance abandonment." After the Milwaukee pulled out, portions of the PCE were still kept by certain entities for operational usage. BN bought the Snoqualmie Pass portion with it's 0.7% west bound grade and 1.7% eastbound grade, but then decided that the ol' Stampede Pass line was *better* with it's 2.2% grades and reverse curves on both sides of the hill. I also believe BN originally bought the Lind to Ellensburg portion as well, and gave that up to the State for a rail trail.

I mentioned the Modoc line as an alternate for UP's OSL. How about the BNSF's Great Falls to Helena line, still intact except for a few washouts, but hasn't been used in a decade even though it is intregal as a part of the I-15 rail corridor from Edmonton to Los Angeles. Yes, there's lot's of NAFTA traffic between Alberta and SoCal, but it all goes via the I-5 corridor, which is at max capacity (e.g. the UP and BNSF are having to turn down business - where does that business go? Truck, overseas, or shut down.)

While we're in Montana, how about the original GN line between Havre and Great Falls? Now it's just two truncated branchlines, but it was a viable alternate to Marias Pass. Now, the BNSF is choked between Shelby and Sandpoint, while MRL still has capacity, but no High Line trains can make it onto MRL since the line was torn out and the GF to Helena line embargoed.

We've talked about the chokepoint through Spokane. Once there were three separate mainlines through town, now down to one. Yeah, we all know it was due to Expo 74, but the railroads at the time seemed almost happy to give it all away. They could have said no, they had the ROW first, probably could have forced the Expo folks to accomodate the UP line into the park theme (which would have been AWESOME!), maybe consolidate the GN and UP lines since the GN line was in the heart of the Expo park.

I've mention the local lines that were severed in response to the creation of the slack water ports on the Snake River. BN at first spent a good chunk of money upgrading the line from Marshall to Lewiston (once a viable secondary line), then changed their minds and embargoed the line from Moscow to Arrow (near Lewiston). Abracadabra, a viable regional line with new rails and ballast was reduced to a dead end branchline, and it's value subsequently went down to near zero. Predicably, BN sold the line to WATCO, who then conned the State of Washington into buying the remaining portion, then WATCO decides to give up service on the line anyway at BNSF's behest.

BN once had the NP line from Seattle to British Columbia as an alternative to the ex-GN line along the Puget Sound shoreline. Well, the shoreline is enough for that Canadian traffic, we'll tear out chunks of the NP line. Now BNSF is stuck with only the shoreline for Vancouver to Seattle traffic. When will that line be at capacity (if it isn't already?)

How about the Cowboy Line? I am not sure if it is still all there or not, I only know that DM&E runs the portion near Chadron. Yet how much would that line be worth as an alternative coal hauling line to the east?

Okay, so you say how about those "unprofitable" branch lines that hauled grain? Well, I know of a dozen or so such lines within a 100 miles of my abode, wherein folks actually made a bid for such lines, usually at or above the ostensible scrap value stated by the railroad, but the railroad would always turn down the potential buyers. Gee, free money, and keeping a client base to boot! No go, go figure.

Other lines did mangage to obtain "permission" for someone else to buy it, then the buyers would end up not getting car orders in a timely manner, and subsequently would give up on the line altogether.

Or it would be a local government entity that would either unsuccessfully bid for a line, or they'd manage to buy it with all the restrictive caveats, then still wouldn't get even the minimally expected level of service.

Who wants to buy a line if the Class I connection won't even provide rudimentary service?

That's just a partial list from the PNW and the Northern Tier that I know of. It should be enough for you to rescind your view that all such lines were unprofitable and thus deserving of abandonment.
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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 8:49 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by jeaton

Your example works for 20 years, but $100,000 at 9% for 27 years goes over a $million. But let us not forget the risk. It does cut both ways, but if at the time of decision to bank or scrap the estimate is that the track will never have a productive purpose, then the decision to scrap would seem to be appropriate.

To be fair, I only suggested the existance the ongoing cost to keep the property which might be just the property tax and while it would likely be well below the $1 million per mile to rebuild, after a couple of decades sitting idle, there is going to be an expense to put the track back in shape. You might also remember that under the betterment accounting system, the track was not depreciated. Tearing it up converts the book value to a current expense, which can become a nice non-cash deduction from taxable income. All of the above goes into the decision making process to dispose of unneeded or unused assets. As I have said before, I don't know of very many business that will keep unused production assets that will have no use in the foreseeable future.

Railroads attacked their own capacity to carry freight. Had they simply looked at growth, 1960-1980, and assumed that was a minimum, then they knew -- they had to know -- they were going to have a capacity crisis on mainlines. Most "production assets" don't appreciate over time. Again, this confuses a manufacturing model with a real estate model, where such assumptions are just about the opposite. Even with a manufacturing model, Boeing is designing planes that they hope will begin to pay off eight, ten, twelve years from now. Everything up till then is sunk investment. Yet, they do it because 1) they believe in the enterprise, and 2) they have the courage to take the risk. Railroads have an even longer event horizon than aircraft builders. Railbanking is low risk compared to building new facilities -- because of appreciation, it can even be seen as an investment.
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Posted by Murphy Siding on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 8:50 PM
OK kudos to Dave for finally making a list ! I'll have to mull this over for a bit.....[:P]

Thanks to Chris / CopCarSS for my avatar.

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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 9:22 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by jeaton

Your example works for 20 years, but $100,000 at 9% for 27 years goes over a $million. But let us not forget the risk. It does cut both ways, but if at the time of decision to bank or scrap the estimate is that the track will never have a productive purpose, then the decision to scrap would seem to be appropriate.

To be fair, I only suggested the existance the ongoing cost to keep the property which might be just the property tax and while it would likely be well below the $1 million per mile to rebuild, after a couple of decades sitting idle, there is going to be an expense to put the track back in shape. You might also remember that under the betterment accounting system, the track was not depreciated. Tearing it up converts the book value to a current expense, which can become a nice non-cash deduction from taxable income. All of the above goes into the decision making process to dispose of unneeded or unused assets. As I have said before, I don't know of very many business that will keep unused production assets that will have no use in the foreseeable future.

Railroads attacked their own capacity to carry freight. Had they simply looked at growth, 1960-1980, and assumed that was a minimum, then they knew -- they had to know -- they were going to have a capacity crisis on mainlines. Most "production assets" don't appreciate over time. Again, this confuses a manufacturing model with a real estate model, where such assumptions are just about the opposite. Even with a manufacturing model, Boeing is designing planes that they hope will begin to pay off eight, ten, twelve years from now. Everything up till then is sunk investment. Yet, they do it because 1) they believe in the enterprise, and 2) they have the courage to take the risk. Railroads have an even longer event horizon than aircraft builders. Railbanking is low risk compared to building new facilities -- because of appreciation, it can even be seen as an investment.


This goes back to the point of using todays facts to judge decisions made 20 to 45 years ago. How many times, in all facets of life, have we heard the statements that start with "If I knew then what I know now?" Your second sentence even says this. Looking at growth and assuming ANYTHING about it is just that, "assuming." Even as far as assuming that the "growth" won't turn to "shrinkage" or "disappear" in the future.

You're correct in the point of "Again, this confuses a manufacturing model with a real estate model," but then go on to compare R&D costs of an aircraft manufacturer to a railroad's decision to hold on to, or dispose of, miles of track that aren't performing well in the time period when the decision is made. You would have to know the financial condition of the railroad(s) (not good, at least here in the northeast), did they HAVE money to railbank those miles or did they need the quick "fix" of immediate cash from the scrapping just to survive, were they in bankruptcy and the decision was being made by a court appointed trustee, just to name the most obvious questions still in the air.
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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 9:53 PM
The Boeing example is not an R&D cost. Aircraft such as the A-380 require 250 sales to break even, before the company begins to make money (Airbus). The plane was designed in 2003 and 2004. That will probably be in 2013-2014, if at all. The planning is extraordinarily long term. Production capacity is planned out 10, 15, 20 years in advance with the idea that profit might occur in the 12, 14th year, maybe later.

The idea that you can't assume "anything" about the future pretty much puts planning departments out of business. In fact, businesses survive or fail based on their long range planning. Executive are hired and fired based on successful strategic planning.

Railroads, of course, are insulated to some degree from failure by captive shipper income, and so success and failure in the industry to make appropriate investment decisions for the long term are more difficult to ascertain. So, the industry plods along its same old path -- mistakes don't need to be fixed because its all "hindsight" and the captive shippers will pay for any mistakes anyway.

The financial accountabilty is lost. The capacity issue is a good example of that.
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Posted by rrandb on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 9:58 PM
In NY state the taxes alone will skew your numbers far away from a no brainer to decide to hold non-revenue producing assets of a real estate nature. They do not care if its making money or not.
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Posted by MP173 on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:09 PM
Railbanked lines, of course would be considered an investment. The lines would be an "asset" on the balance sheet.

The problem would be it would be a non income producing asset. That is a tough sell to investors and bankers. Really tough. Plus to the local governments which would require taxation on the "investment".

Railroads already have a problem with asset turnover.

Now, if something could be done to shield those from taxation and take the investment off of the books...then it might work.

One other minor point. The "investment" would not appreciate in value. Once entered on the balance sheet, it stays at that amount, less accumulated depreciation.

So...as an investment, it would not work in the world of finance.

ed
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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:20 PM
In the world of finance, all investments are carried at book for accounting purposes, and valued at market for economic analysis purposes.

At sale or exchange, the appreciation is declared for accounting purposes irregardless.

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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:21 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

The Boeing example is not an R&D cost. Aircraft such as the A-380 require 250 sales to break even, before the company begins to make money (Airbus). The plane was designed in 2003 and 2004. That will probably be in 2013-2014, if at all. The planning is extraordinarily long term. Production capacity is planned out 10, 15, 20 years in advance with the idea that profit might occur in the 12, 14th year, maybe later.



Actually, that is an R&D cost. Boeing, in this example, has to develop a new type aircraft for what they think the airlines will want to buy when they're ready to put it into production. They have to research whether new materials will work for the new design, for example, or if changes in the aerodynamics will pay off in better fuel economy (not as major a factor in the 60's as it is today). That's the simple definition of research and development.
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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:28 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol
The idea that you can't assume "anything" about the future pretty much puts planning departments out of business. In fact, businesses survive or fail based on their long range planning. Executive are hired and fired based on successful strategic planning.



"Assume" is exactly what planning departments do, just as I said in the post quoted here: "Looking at growth and assuming ANYTHING about it is just that, "assuming." Even as far as assuming that the "growth" won't turn to "shrinkage" or "disappear" in the future." I never said they couldn't do it. My quote says the same thing as your second sentence. With those executives you mention, at least the company doing the hiring has a track record to go by, and they have to hope the record isn't just dumb luck.
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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:28 PM
When Boeing built its giant Everett plant in the mid-60s to build the 747 -- didn't look like R&D.It still took about 9 years to begin making a profit. R&D is peanuts compared to the production costs -- and those all come ahead, years ahead, of actually making a profit.
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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:30 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by TomDiehl

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol
The idea that you can't assume "anything" about the future pretty much puts planning departments out of business. In fact, businesses survive or fail based on their long range planning. Executive are hired and fired based on successful strategic planning.



"Assume" is exactly what planning departments do, just as I said in the post quoted here: "Looking at growth and assuming ANYTHING about it is just that, "assuming." Even as far as assuming that the "growth" won't turn to "shrinkage" or "disappear" in the future." I never said they couldn't do it. My quote says the same thing as your second sentence. With those executives you mention, at least the company doing the hiring has a track record to go by, and they have to hope the record isn't just dumb luck.

If you have done a planning function, you will know that the first thing you do is identify "assumptions". This is the mystery in the current capacity issue, because two reasonable assumptions existed: 1) that the rate of traffic growth 1960-1980 was steady, but low; 2) That Staggers would "unleash" railroads to grow at a more robust rate. The minimun assumption, then would have to be that the 1960-1980 growth rate would represent a minimum assumption of growth. Yet, the rate of growth 1980-2005, was slightly less than the rate of growth 1960-1980. Capacity needs, in a rational planning process, "should" have been no surprise. Yet, they seem to be.
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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:32 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol
Railroads, of course, are insulated to some degree from failure by captive shipper income, and so success and failure in the industry to make appropriate investment decisions for the long term are more difficult to ascertain. So, the industry plods along its same old path -- mistakes don't need to be fixed because its all "hindsight" and the captive shippers will pay for any mistakes anyway.

The financial accountabilty is lost. The capacity issue is a good example of that.


Income from ANY class of shippers can only go so far to cover the bad decisions. As I tried to point out to Dave, looking back at these decisions is a good exercise in "lessons learned" but to try to use this to show evil intent or conspiricy theories is more than just a bit out in left field.
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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:36 PM
But if it goes far enough, that skews the investment decision making process regardless because the bottom line is not accountable to the decisions made.
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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:41 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

When Boeing built its giant Everett plant in the mid-60s to build the 747 -- didn't look like R&D.It still took about 9 years to begin making a profit. R&D is peanuts compared to the production costs -- and those all come ahead, years ahead, of actually making a profit.


Building a plant isn't R&D, I never said it was. Plus, although the Everett plant was built to build the 747 models, it was also designed to build other aircraft after the 747's completed production. Boeing knew they weren't going to make this model forever.
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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:45 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

But if it goes far enough, that skews the investment decision making process regardless because the bottom line is not accountable to the decisions made.


In a publically held company, as all railroads are in this country, the bottom line is always accountable to, if noone else, the stockholders. Decisions made by the company executives can always be questioned by them.
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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:54 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by TomDiehl

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

When Boeing built its giant Everett plant in the mid-60s to build the 747 -- didn't look like R&D.It still took about 9 years to begin making a profit. R&D is peanuts compared to the production costs -- and those all come ahead, years ahead, of actually making a profit.


Building a plant isn't R&D, I never said it was. Plus, although the Everett plant was built to build the 747 models, it was also designed to build other aircraft after the 747's completed production. Boeing knew they weren't going to make this model forever.

What I said was this:
QUOTE: Even with a manufacturing model, Boeing is designing planes that they hope will begin to pay off eight, ten, twelve years from now. Everything up till then is sunk investment. Yet, they do it because 1) they believe in the enterprise, and 2) they have the courage to take the risk.

"Everything up 'till then" in the statement -- up until the point the begin making a profit -- includes the entire cost of the production facility, long, long before a profit can be declared, if ever, on the investment.

It's all or nothing.

Railroads have the advantage of incremental investment not available to an aircraft manufacturer, yet Boeing has been held out as an example of "Built to Last" as a business philosophy ["Successful Habits of Visionary Companies" by Jim Collins and Jerry Porras] notwithstanding Boeing's risk is much higher, and its payout much farther down the road, on investment in facilities. Railbanking is pocket change by comparison.
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Posted by TomDiehl on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 10:58 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by TomDiehl

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

When Boeing built its giant Everett plant in the mid-60s to build the 747 -- didn't look like R&D.It still took about 9 years to begin making a profit. R&D is peanuts compared to the production costs -- and those all come ahead, years ahead, of actually making a profit.


Building a plant isn't R&D, I never said it was. Plus, although the Everett plant was built to build the 747 models, it was also designed to build other aircraft after the 747's completed production. Boeing knew they weren't going to make this model forever.

What I said was this:
QUOTE: Even with a manufacturing model, Boeing is designing planes that they hope will begin to pay off eight, ten, twelve years from now. Everything up till then is sunk investment. Yet, they do it because 1) they believe in the enterprise, and 2) they have the courage to take the risk.

"Everything up 'till then" in the statement -- up until the point the begin making a profit -- includes the entire cost of the production facility, long, long before a profit can be declared, if ever, on the investment.

It's all or nothing.

Railroads have the advantage of incremental investment not available to an aircraft manufacturer, yet Boeing has been held out as an example of "Built to Last" as a business philosophy ["Successful Habits of Visionary Companies" by Jim Collins and Jerry Porras] notwithstanding Boeing's risk is much higher, and its payout much farther down the road, on investment in facilities. Railbanking is pocket change by comparison.


It still sounds like we're saying the same thing.

And arguing about it.

As I said WAAAYY back, Dave tossed out this bait and some people took it.
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Posted by n012944 on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 11:01 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

QUOTE: Originally posted by TomDiehl

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

When Boeing built its giant Everett plant in the mid-60s to build the 747 -- didn't look like R&D.It still took about 9 years to begin making a profit. R&D is peanuts compared to the production costs -- and those all come ahead, years ahead, of actually making a profit.


Building a plant isn't R&D, I never said it was. Plus, although the Everett plant was built to build the 747 models, it was also designed to build other aircraft after the 747's completed production. Boeing knew they weren't going to make this model forever.

What I said was this:
QUOTE: Even with a manufacturing model, Boeing is designing planes that they hope will begin to pay off eight, ten, twelve years from now. Everything up till then is sunk investment. Yet, they do it because 1) they believe in the enterprise, and 2) they have the courage to take the risk.

"Everything up 'till then" in the statement -- up until the point the begin making a profit -- includes the entire cost of the production facility, long, long before a profit can be declared, if ever, on the investment.

It's all or nothing.

Railroads have the advantage of incremental investment not available to an aircraft manufacturer, yet Boeing has been held out as an example of "Built to Last" as a business philosophy ["Successful Habits of Visionary Companies" by Jim Collins and Jerry Porras] notwithstanding Boeing's risk is much higher, and its payout much farther down the road, on investment in facilities. Railbanking is pocket change by comparison.


Boeing can live off its military contracts alone, which allows it to take more risks in the commercial jet market. When the railroads were abandoning track at a breakneck pace in the 70's/early80's, many were either on the verge of, or already in bankruptcy. When you are at that point you can not afford to wait, and pay for, something that MIGHT appear 20 years down the road.


Bert

An "expensive model collector"

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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 11:02 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by TomDiehl

QUOTE: Originally posted by MichaelSol

But if it goes far enough, that skews the investment decision making process regardless because the bottom line is not accountable to the decisions made.


In a publically held company, as all railroads are in this country, the bottom line is always accountable to, if noone else, the stockholders. Decisions made by the company executives can always be questioned by them.

The larger the corporation, the more diluted the stockholder interests, and the less likely this is to occur. This is why managements are generally in favor of mergers. The process of loss of influence of investors on corporate governance was first examined in The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Commerce Clearing House Publishing Co., 1932), by Adolph Berle, and Gardiner Means. It was first documented in detail in the rail industry in The Investor Pays (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1933) by Max Lowenthal.

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Posted by MichaelSol on Wednesday, June 21, 2006 11:04 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by TomDiehl
It still sounds like we're saying the same thing.

Well, maybe we are, I can't tell.
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Posted by Mookie on Thursday, June 22, 2006 7:10 AM
I think my coal car got dumped!

She who has no signature! cinscocom-tmw

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