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Modeling Waterfalls

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Modeling Waterfalls
Posted by Track fiddler on Thursday, May 25, 2017 8:44 AM

I am considering adding waterfalls to my layout as I have not completed the foam risers to form the mountains in the back of my layout.          Any information, knowledge, experience, images, step-by-step procedures, links or whatever input you have would be greatly appreciated as I know there are many techniques.                          This is something I've never tried before and something I know very little about.  Thank you in advance for your replies.

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Posted by HO-Velo on Thursday, May 25, 2017 9:43 AM

This example is certainly small as waterfalls go, but guessing the same technique and medium could be used with larger ones.  Put a dollop of acrylic gloss gel onto a piece of wax paper and then spread it out into a thin layer in one direction with a semi-stiff brush using the bristles of the brush to create texture.  A toothpick can also be lightly used to accentuate the look of falling water.  The layer must be kept thin enough to be somewhat translucent.  

Once dry it can be carefully peeled up from the wax paper, then cut to size & shape and dry brushed with white paint,

The practicing to get a suitable piece was fun.  Other mediums can also be used for this technique.  I took inspiration from this Woodlandscenics video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ovNbnjRUNQ

Have fun & regards,  Peter

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Posted by RR_Mel on Thursday, May 25, 2017 10:51 AM

I’ve had problems with WS water products in the past turning brownish over time but I discovered the problem.  Bakersfield is at the far end of the San Joaquin Valley and we get tons of Bay Area SMOG that settles as brown gunk 24/7 and it’s the brown gunk that turns the WS water products brown.
 
Having said that I used Woodland Scenics Water Effects to make a 4” drop water fall with very good results, but I do keep it covered unless I’m running my layout to prevent the brown problem.
 
I used the same procedure with Water Effects as Peter did with Acrylic Gel.  Water Effects sometimes can take over 24 hours to totally dry, it depends on the ambient conditions and the thickness it’s applied.  It goes on white and turns clear when dry.  My current waterfall is three years old and still looking good.
 
Mel
 
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Posted by Medina1128 on Thursday, May 25, 2017 11:31 AM

I modeled water running from a drain pipe. I started by cutting some clear Scotch tape from the pipe and attaching it to the scenery below. I then brushed from glossy ModPodge to the tape. When that layer dried, I pulling some strands from pillow stuffing (the kind that looks like a huge cotton ball). When that dried, I built it up in layers, allowing the previous layer to completely dry. I also modeled some rapids using the same technique. It looks pretty good if I do say so.

 

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Posted by mbinsewi on Thursday, May 25, 2017 11:55 AM

I used a super clear caulk, it's not silicone, it's called Lexel.

http://www.sashco.com/products/lexel/

It's a bit more cost than silicone, but I think it's look better, clearer, and doesn't turn colors.

I spread a few small beads onto a mirror, used a knive or tooth pick to work it into streams of falling water, then let it set for a few days.

I then carfully pealed it off the mirror, cut it to fit the shape I needed, and then used the same Lexel caulk on the top, and the bottom, to hold it in place.

After that set for a day or two, I used the Lexel to add the waves, ripples and features to the pool that the falls lands in, and to simulate the rushing water, between the rocks, in the river that it comes from.

The pool itself is casting resin, the river that runs out of the pool, rushing among the rocks, is the Lexel.

After all had dried, I used just a bit of white gloss paint, lightly dabbing it on the waves and ripples, to simulate the white water effect, of water rushing between the rocks, and at the base of the falls.

The next time around, I'll be a little more carefull in the placement of the falls, and work with the caulk a little more for the falling water effect.

Mike.

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Posted by RR_Mel on Thursday, May 25, 2017 12:12 PM

Mike your waterfall looks great, I’m going to give your way a shot and redo mine.  
 
Mel
 
Modeling the early to mid 1950s SP in HO scale since 1951
 
My Model Railroad   
 
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Posted by tcwright973 on Thursday, May 25, 2017 12:15 PM

HI-Velo - That's one of the best drainage ditch scenes I have seen. And you guys with the water falls aren't slouches either. Nice work everybody.

Tom

Pittsburgh, PA

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Posted by mbinsewi on Thursday, May 25, 2017 12:39 PM

Thanks Mel, and Tom.  I found the caulk at my local hardware store, thought I'd give it a try.  Where a typical tube of silicone is around $5, the lexel was almost $10. 

A tube does a lot of water effects!

Lunch over, back to a tractor project.

Mike.

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Posted by Track fiddler on Thursday, May 25, 2017 4:00 PM

Short day at work today.  Just got home a while ago and took some time to look over the thread I posted this morning.  Thanks for all the replies everybody's work looks really great.  I was very pleased to learn that you can model waterfalls at the workbench on a flat piece of wax paper or glass.  That's really good news for me as it relates to the other post obstacles in scratch building.  I've been working on kitbashed and scratch built Bridges this last winter and I only have three of the eight I need complete with exception of paint.  And I would really like a break from Building Bridges.  That's why I'm excited about getting started crafting waterfalls that I can add to my layout later.  I am going to apply all the techniques that everyone shared with me.  

On a different note.  I had a brainstorm today.  I was working with a view of a lake.  I saw the water sparkling in the Sun.  And I got this idea.  Maybe someones thought of it already but I'll share it with you anyway.  Do you remember the old Hamm's beer lights that came out in 1958.  You would see them usually in a bar and grill when you went to ask your parents for more quarters to play Pinball.  That was a pretty good design for back then because the sparkling water almost looked real.  They didn't have the technology back then that we have today.  Now we have fiber optics LEDs digital relays etc.  It seems to me it wouldn't be too hard to come up with some kind of concoction to utilize these new Technologies and put them behind the waterfalls to create that moving simulated water illusion like the old Hamm's beer lights.  Any thoughts or ideas.  Maybe somebody has already done this. Please feel free to share on this new addition to the thread as well as more of  your work and techniques as it's always appreciated.  Thanks again

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Posted by tomikawaTT on Thursday, May 25, 2017 4:10 PM

Nice work, all.  Looks as though Lexel trumps shaped and slit cellophane as a main fall medium.

I considered using balls of white glass fiber for the foam churning at the base of the falls, but it's hard to find and dangerous to work with.  Cotton really isn't a suitable substitute, so the jury is still out.  That's more necessary on a free-fall of 100 feet or more, but I have two places where such would be appropriate.

There's also the possibility of arranging to pipe bright-white LED 'sun reflections' into the falling water to impart a false sense of motion.  Much more experimentation is in order for that one.

Chuck (Modeling Central Japan in September, 1964 - with waterfalls and white water)

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Posted by Mark R. on Thursday, May 25, 2017 4:38 PM

Here is an awesome waterfall animated using a stencil drum and LEDs under the waterfall. This was posted on Facebook (sorry) and I cannot find it on YouTube ....

https://www.facebook.com/bill.pontin/videos/1153838581321581/

Mark.

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Posted by SeeYou190 on Thursday, May 25, 2017 5:26 PM

The best waterfalls I have seen are small. If you want a big vertical drop I would suggest going from pond to pond in falls no taller than a couple of inches each.

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When I made a waterfall for the Scale Rails of Southwest Florida portable N scale layout I put clear silicone onto 0.010" clear plastix sheet and let it dry. Then I cut out the waterfall from this sheet and glued it into place. It looked very good. Not perfect, but with a little more care it would have been.

.

There will definitely bwe a waterfall on my new layout.

.

-Kevin

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Posted by G Paine on Thursday, May 25, 2017 10:49 PM

Woodland Scenics has a new group of water products, including waterfalls and water waves. Each item on this page has a video on how to use. I have just started experimenting with that stuff. I am still using Magic Water for the water base; the WS water has to be heated to use it, MW does not.

http://woodlandscenics.woodlandscenics.com/show/category/Water

Unreal Details Magic Water. I have been using Magic Water for a few years with no problems. 

http://www.unrealdetails.com/

 

George In Midcoast Maine, 'bout halfway up the Rockland branch 

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Posted by hon30critter on Thursday, May 25, 2017 11:54 PM

Mark!

Wow!! The flowing water looks fantastic! Thanks for the link.

I couldn't find where he posted his 'how to' video. Any idea where it is?

Thanks

Dave

I'm just a dude with a bad back having a lot of fun with model trains, and finally building a layout!

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Posted by yankee flyer on Friday, May 26, 2017 7:21 AM

Hey

This is not criticism, just food for thought. Most modeled  water falls I see, the water flow is smooth all the way across. On a rock face this is unlikely and would probbly only happen on a concrete face.

Any thoughts?

Good day all.

Lee

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Posted by Track fiddler on Friday, May 26, 2017 8:41 AM

Mark that falls is exactly what I was trying to imagine.  My media player on my computer was glitching last night but I got to see it this morning.  It would be good to know how to do that.  Thanks for the link.

Edit.  I'm definitely going to do some research with All Electronics

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Posted by Heartland Division CB&Q on Friday, May 26, 2017 8:46 AM

Here is a picture of my water falls. It is made using Woodland Scenics products.The falls have tapered strips of wax paper which I put in place before pouring WS "water" over it. 

GARRY

HEARTLAND DIVISION, CB&Q RR

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Posted by Track fiddler on Friday, May 26, 2017 12:16 PM

HO-Velo

 

 

 

Peter.       Nice job.

Your run off culvert  looks so real it's like I can almost smell it.

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Posted by Track fiddler on Friday, May 26, 2017 12:26 PM

Heartland Division CB&Q

 

 

Garry.       I like it.  What kind of techniques did you use to get the green color effects in the water to look like algae or dirty water.

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Posted by Heartland Division CB&Q on Friday, May 26, 2017 12:40 PM

Track Fiddler ... Thanks.... I blended in a small quantity of acrylic paint (browns, greens, and blues) to the WS "water" before applying it. 

GARRY

HEARTLAND DIVISION, CB&Q RR

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Posted by Carnegie Falls on Friday, May 26, 2017 1:27 PM

Great looking water effects everyone! I chose a method I saw on YouTube here 

 

It's based on using angel hair fiberglass, casting resin, and aquarium filter wool (I used pillow stuffing). He has lots of videos explaining the process but this is the crux of the installation. 

I agree with Lee that big wide straight waterfalls don't look as nice/real as a series of cascades (even though I made a couple because I wanted to go for a big dramatic effect).

Here is the first stage. Fiber coated with resin. Still needs the pillow foam/stuffing at the base.

A different cascade

This is one of my two giant waterfalls. This one has the pillow stuffing at the base to look like spray/rough water. I now know you don't need that much foam and I'm working to remove some and/or add more water to make it look better, but you get the idea. Still needs some white paint for effect, and foam/bubbles at the base that continue downstream. I also sprinkle some glitter on the falls while the resin is sticky. It's not as dramatic as the led effect but it gives a little glint as you walk by it which is a nice touch.

 

 

 

Modeling the fictional western Pennsylvania town of Carnegie Falls in freelance HO.
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Posted by RR_Mel on Friday, May 26, 2017 2:21 PM

Great looking waterfalls guy’s!  Yours put mine to shame so it was gone before lunch today.  I’m starting over with the tips from this topic.
 
Thanks for the YouTube post Carnegie Falls, the Angles hair looks pretty good to me.  I put some on my wife’s shopping list.  I’ve had very good luck using Park’s Super Glaze for water, works as good as Magic Water at a much lower cost.  It’s available from most Big Box stores for $25 per quart.
 
I redid my swimming pool several times until I went with Magic Water and Super Glaze also works great.
 
 
 
Mel
 
Modeling the early to mid 1950s SP in HO scale since 1951
 
My Model Railroad   
 
Bakersfield, California
 
I'm beginning to realize that aging is not for wimps.
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Posted by Track fiddler on Friday, May 26, 2017 6:29 PM

I'm definitely out of the house more than I'm in.  So if I haven't acknowledged complimented or thanked anyone personally don't take offense to it as I have a read and looked over every post,   It's all valuable information to me and I really liked everyone's individual water effects.  

Carnegie Falls        Really great stuff, no pun intended.  Who'd ever even think about using pillow stuffing to make white water at the bottom of waterfalls.  That's pretty creative, looks real too.  Tell me did you take a pinch out of your wife's pillow or a little out of your own,  ha ha.  

Mike.    Your water effects images look as good as the last time I seen them.  On top of the big compliment I gave you a week ago when we were talking fishing in that other thread.  I just wanted to let you know when I looked at the images of your waterfalls on your website that's where I got the inspiration to model waterfalls.   Thanks

God Bless our Veterans and great appreciation for your service!

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Posted by Mark R. on Friday, May 26, 2017 9:11 PM

hon30critter

Mark!

Wow!! The flowing water looks fantastic! Thanks for the link.

I couldn't find where he posted his 'how to' video. Any idea where it is?

Thanks

Dave

 

Dave - Here is a link to the construction pictures of the illuminated waterfall. Again - sorry, they are linked to facebook ....

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1188758161162956&set=pcb.1339137712763731&type=3&theater

If you click through the pictures, there is a description on the right of what each is. Let me know if the link works ok.

Mark.

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Posted by HO-Velo on Saturday, May 27, 2017 10:30 AM

Thanks Tom & Track Fiddler.  Fun thread, lots to see and learn!

Bicycling thru neighboring marshlands helped inspire and reference my canal scene.  Oh yeah Track Fiddler, lowtide rides near the peatland can be quite odoriferous, hah! 

Regards,  Peter

 

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Posted by SeeYou190 on Saturday, May 27, 2017 1:25 PM

If you have access to the all time archives, or just a bunch of back issues...

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The December, 2000 Model Railroader has a great article on modeling waterfalls. I must have liked the article, because it is the technique I used, but I do not remember reading it! I guess I am getting old.

.

-Kevin

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Posted by NYBW-John on Sunday, May 28, 2017 8:40 AM

Dave Frary put out a number of scenery how-to videos and I think many if not all are now available free on YouTube. I followed his method for making water falls and got very good results. He starts with a clear plastic bag like the kind bread comes in. Find one with a large enough clear section for what you want. I've also used a piece of a translucent drop cloth which worked well. Cut the piece to shape and spread Mod Podge or similar material across the top and then use a comb to work it down the falls. This creates individual streams. It dries clear so if you want to add some whitewater to it you can do that with a little gloss acyrllic white paint.

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Posted by Track fiddler on Sunday, May 28, 2017 10:43 AM

Peter.      That word sure was a new one for me.  I had to look up the definition and it sure does fit.   

I like riding my bike only on the flats.  This old steamer doesn't like grades anymore.  I have to be careful not to over strain my surgical knee or I'll really pay for it later.

Kevin.     As luck may have it I found 2000 December issue of Model Railroader.  Back a couple years or so I got a whole box of old issues from the Twin Cities Model Railroad Museum.  They were preparing to move their huge O gauge Model Railroad to a different location so they were trying to lighten their load.  I dug through the box and there it was almost like a little Christmas present.  It has a Wabasha railroad F7 on the front cover and modeling waterfalls page 74 by Jeoff Nott.  Sweet.

Well we're off to Taylor Falls today to take a Paddle Wheel river boat ride on the st. Croix.  My wife said if we're not going out of town this year we're going to find things to do.  

Have a good day all

 

 

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Posted by tomikawaTT on Sunday, May 28, 2017 12:45 PM

Carnegie Falls

 

I agree with Lee that big wide straight waterfalls don't look as nice/real as a series of cascades (even though I made a couple because I wanted to go for a big dramatic effect).

 

This is one of my two giant waterfalls. This one has the pillow stuffing at the base to look like spray/rough water. I now know you don't need that much foam and I'm working to remove some and/or add more water to make it look better, but you get the idea. Still needs some white paint for effect, and foam/bubbles at the base that continue downstream. I also sprinkle some glitter on the falls while the resin is sticky. It's not as dramatic as the led effect but it gives a little glint as you walk by it which is a nice touch.

 

Given the rocky nature of the ledge, the foamup is accurate if the cliffside water finds a place to hit the stone about half-way down.  Looks good to me.

Sometimes the height of a waterfall is a matter of following a prototype (Yosemite Falls wouldn't look very real as a 1200-foot series of cascades) and sometimes it's a matter of scenic necessity (50mm to drop 400mm from above a triple-track hidden main to the water level under a high bridge at the same track level.)  The challenge is still having it look real - and it WILL come under close scrutiny.

Chuck (Modeling wet, mountainous Central Japan in September, 1964)

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