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Amtrak America

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Amtrak America
Posted by oltmannd on Thursday, October 24, 2013 12:17 PM

from Amtrak's blog: "With the launch of our new single-level long distance equipment – the “Viewliner II”, Amtrak is also launching Amtrak America, a brand that will encompass all that is great about Amtrak’s long-haul trains, including those with sleeper class service. Amtrak’s route brands will continue, and this brand will make the conversation and overall service offerings clear to our customers and stakeholders.  

Amtrak America will utilize our Phase Three striping on the single-level long distance cars as a tribute to our heritage. The first cars released from production will also carry Amtrak’s heritage logo in honor of our past. Amtrak’s current logo will return on the standard production cars."  (bold added is mine)

Smart.  A good strategy that feeds Boardman's "You want'em, You pay for'em" message to Congress about LD trains.  If he can get close to getting the rest of the Amtrak running with little or no Federal operating subsidy, then he only has to go after capital, which is quite a bit easier.  The house just passed a huge, porky waterway bill with lots and lots of Tea Party types voting "Yea".

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Posted by Paul Milenkovic on Thursday, October 24, 2013 9:07 PM

A young David Brooks came to the attention of the editor of a certain opinion magazine when as a college student, he quipped that the "National Buckley" was merging with the "Buckley Review", and the new magazine would be called the "Buckley Buckley", being the only person in the country to understand that a certain magazine was more about an editor's ego than about a political point of view?

Amtrak America?  Is that like the Buckley Buckley?

If GM "killed the electric car", what am I doing standing next to an EV-1, a half a block from the WSOR tracks?

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Posted by Dakguy201 on Friday, October 25, 2013 5:32 AM

It seems to me that it is taking forever to put any new equipment into service.  Many routes appear to doing less than their potential due to equipment constraints, yet I don't sense any urgency at Amtrak regarding this order.  No public plan exists for additional Superliner compatible equipment.  It seems Amtrak is content just to manage the current situation.  

While I can accept that baggage cars and diners were most in need of replacement in the current fleet, these types will not expand the revenue capacity of the system.  At best, Amtrak is running in place.

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Posted by D.Carleton on Friday, October 25, 2013 7:37 AM

We've been down this road before during the Downs administration when the company was divided into three Strategic Business Units. David Gunn ended that.

One reason for the new "look" and branding: It distinguishes the equipment from similar equipment already in service thus proving to the public that "something" is being done... even though in reality the net gain is practically none.

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Posted by oltmannd on Friday, October 25, 2013 8:19 AM

D.Carleton

We've been down this road before during the Downs administration when the company was divided into three Strategic Business Units. David Gunn ended that.

One reason for the new "look" and branding: It distinguishes the equipment from similar equipment already in service thus proving to the public that "something" is being done... even though in reality the net gain is practically none.

I think this is being done more for political purposes than public perception.  If you parse the public statement out, you get "this brand will make the conversation ... clear to our ... stakeholders."  Where "stakeholders" is basically Congress and perhaps, local politicians along the route.

Amtrak is drawing a bright red, white and blue line around the LD trains.  Boardman is clearly walking away from Gunn's "National or nothing" Amtrak, to a "which Amtrak are you talking about?" Amtrak.

Amtrak America will have their own management that controls "soup to nuts", their own equipment and their own P&L statement (apparently).  So, when the Mica (or other) circus starts up with "Why does your food service lose money?" or "We could give airline tix for what it costs you to take a person from NOL to Chicago", or other hard to defend operation cost issues,   Boardman will actually be able to respond in a fashion that make clear what costs what.  

I don't think he's trying to walking away from the LD network.  Clearly, they just spend a boat load of money on baggage cars and crew space... But, having Amtrak operating two distinct major product lines makes it much easier to explain what kind of support each need, what that costs, and what you get.

It's about the sales pitch...and not taking a flogging every time you talk to Mica, et. al.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by oltmannd on Friday, October 25, 2013 8:30 AM

Paul Milenkovic

A young David Brooks came to the attention of the editor of a certain opinion magazine when as a college student, he quipped that the "National Buckley" was merging with the "Buckley Review", and the new magazine would be called the "Buckley Buckley", being the only person in the country to understand that a certain magazine was more about an editor's ego than about a political point of view?

Amtrak America?  Is that like the Buckley Buckley?

Maybe if they called it "Amtrak America plus Track"?  

I've called the current arrangement of LD trains "... a tribute to nostalgia".  Now they are getting a retro paint scheme!  Geez, I didn't want to be that right!

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Friday, October 25, 2013 9:19 AM

don:  at first though this poster said what the heck ?  But then on retrospection =========

oltmannd

I think this is being done more for political purposes than public perception.  If you parse the public statement out, you get "this brand will make the conversation ... clear to our ... stakeholders."  Where "stakeholders" is basically Congress and perhaps, local politicians along the route.

Amtrak is drawing a bright red, white and blue line around the LD trains.  Boardman is clearly walking away from Gunn's "National or nothing" Amtrak, to a "which Amtrak are you talking about?" Amtrak.

Amtrak America will have their own management that controls "soup to nuts", their own equipment and their own P&L statement (apparently).   

I don't think he's trying to walking away from the LD network.  Clearly, they just spend a boat load of money on baggage cars and crew space... But, having Amtrak operating two distinct major product lines makes it much easier to explain what kind of support each need, what that costs, and what you get.

 
Politics  ?  absolutely  now the hinterlands can no longer expect the NEC, CHI short haul, PNW, Capital corridor, and So Cal to support the LD routes.  It may be in the long run that LD will have  equipment & capital be separate line items in the budget ? That might  wake up the stakeholders ?  Now instead of Boardman on hot seat it may be the LD operations chief ____________ ?  But in the long run public perception is politics.
It may be that the delay in the new Viewliner - 2s delivery will allow an orderly use of the option to build more ? Subject to getting funds.  Does anyone have a reliable source for how the option is worded ?
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Posted by oltmannd on Friday, October 25, 2013 10:41 AM

blue streak 1

Politics  ?  absolutely  now the hinterlands can no longer expect the NEC, CHI short haul, PNW, Capital corridor, and So Cal to support the LD routes.  It may be in the long run that LD will have  equipment & capital be separate line items in the budget ? That might  wake up the stakeholders ?  Now instead of Boardman on hot seat it may be the LD operations chief ____________ ?  

The things that will improve the LD trains are not generally the same kinds of things that will improve corridor trains.  
We could make a list...but I think it's fair to say that frequency and speed improve corridors - that's typically track, signalling and equipment - capital.  For LD trains, it's mostly about operations given that speed and frequency are what they are and are hard to change.  So, the major point of attack is from the route managers trying to control costs and boost revenue with the existing assets.
If lengthening the LD trains can improve the bottom line, and the incremental net revenue can support the cost to acquire some equipment, this will be a much easier sale.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Friday, October 25, 2013 11:19 AM

oltmannd

The things that will improve the LD trains are not generally the same kinds of things that will improve corridor trains.  

 
We could make a list...but I think it's fair to say that frequency and speed improve corridors - that's typically track, signalling and equipment - capital.  For LD trains, it's mostly about operations given that speed and frequency are what they are and are hard to change.  So, the major point of attack is from the route managers trying to control costs and boost revenue with the existing assets.
 
If lengthening the LD trains can improve the bottom line, and the incremental net revenue can support the cost to acquire some equipment, this will be a much easier sale.
 

Readers:  ----  IMHO Don is very correct.  The only thing to add is taking care of slow areas.  Extra CPs is one example such as been done on BNSF and the delayed CSX work north of Selma , NC, 

But it is the first & last miles into terminals that delay all trains at many locations..  Mostly improvements would help short distance trains but for example once CHI terminal delays are reduced both types will benefit.  ( Englewood and grand crossing as 2 examples ). Other locations are WASH, BON, STL, PDX, Oakland, LAX (if the south approach is completed ).  

edit --  one example of speed ups is the CLT --  Greensboro  route that has helped both NC trains and the Crescent.  My trip on the Crescent made up ~ 30 minutes between the 2 stations.

o

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Posted by Paul Milenkovic on Friday, October 25, 2013 11:27 AM

oltmannd

Paul Milenkovic

A young David Brooks came to the attention of the editor of a certain opinion magazine when as a college student, he quipped that the "National Buckley" was merging with the "Buckley Review", and the new magazine would be called the "Buckley Buckley", being the only person in the country to understand that a certain magazine was more about an editor's ego than about a political point of view?

Amtrak America?  Is that like the Buckley Buckley?

Maybe if they called it "Amtrak America plus Track"?  

I've called the current arrangement of LD trains "... a tribute to nostalgia".  Now they are getting a retro paint scheme!  Geez, I didn't want to be that right!

My point exactly.  Merging the National Buckley with the Buckley Review magazine produced the Buckley Buckley magazine, a monument to an opinion magazine editor's vanity.

Amtrak America plus Track becomes . . . Amtrak Amtrak!

If GM "killed the electric car", what am I doing standing next to an EV-1, a half a block from the WSOR tracks?

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Posted by dakotafred on Friday, October 25, 2013 8:38 PM

You Democrats are demonstrating that politics of the correct stripe are just fine on the Forum.

Wm. F. Buckley Jr. is WAY beyond belittlement by you cretins.

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Posted by schlimm on Friday, October 25, 2013 8:51 PM

Fred, you are pretty far off the mark.  Your ideology blinds you to reality.  I am a progressive and proud of it, but I rather liked Bill Buckley and read many of his books and NR and even his fiction thrillers.  Paul M. has made some suggestions he is of a libertarian stripe, but doesn't care for Bill. The point is, don't judge everyone by their politics.  For example, you are apparently not a Democrat, yet you seem to favor federally subsidized LD passenger rail, while Paul does not, for the most part, as far as I can tell.  sam1 has voted Democratic, but would like to end all LD trains tomorrow. 

Calling fellow forum members "cretins" is really rude.  Name-calling is off-limits here.

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Posted by Phoebe Vet on Saturday, October 26, 2013 7:26 AM

dakotafred

You Democrats are demonstrating that politics of the correct stripe are just fine on the Forum.

Wm. F. Buckley Jr. is WAY beyond belittlement by you cretins.

 

 

While it is impossible to completely avoid politics in Amtrak discussions, your political insult goes WAY over the line.

Dave

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Posted by dakotafred on Saturday, October 26, 2013 10:07 AM

I do apologize. It was over the top, as charged. I violated my wait-until-the-morning rule.

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Posted by D.Carleton on Saturday, October 26, 2013 10:11 AM

oltmannd

D.Carleton

We've been down this road before during the Downs administration when the company was divided into three Strategic Business Units. David Gunn ended that.

One reason for the new "look" and branding: It distinguishes the equipment from similar equipment already in service thus proving to the public that "something" is being done... even though in reality the net gain is practically none.

I think this is being done more for political purposes than public perception.  If you parse the public statement out, you get "this brand will make the conversation ... clear to our ... stakeholders."  Where "stakeholders" is basically Congress and perhaps, local politicians along the route.

Amtrak is drawing a bright red, white and blue line around the LD trains.  Boardman is clearly walking away from Gunn's "National or nothing" Amtrak, to a "which Amtrak are you talking about?" Amtrak.

Amtrak America will have their own management that controls "soup to nuts", their own equipment and their own P&L statement (apparently).  So, when the Mica (or other) circus starts up with "Why does your food service lose money?" or "We could give airline tix for what it costs you to take a person from NOL to Chicago", or other hard to defend operation cost issues,   Boardman will actually be able to respond in a fashion that make clear what costs what.  

I don't think he's trying to walking away from the LD network.  Clearly, they just spend a boat load of money on baggage cars and crew space... But, having Amtrak operating two distinct major product lines makes it much easier to explain what kind of support each need, what that costs, and what you get.

It's about the sales pitch...and not taking a flogging every time you talk to Mica, et. al.

Yes, I think you've clarified the direction I was going.
 
The "which Amtrak are you talking about?" sectioning has already begun with PRIIA section 209 and the operational costs of state corridor trains now the responsibility of those states. That division will only grow wider as time goes on with Amtrak playing a smaller role or negated completely.
 
I do hope you are correct that this will ease the explanation of what each brand serves and needs. This could mean the end of decades of confusion.

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Posted by Deggesty on Saturday, October 26, 2013 11:05 AM

blue streak 1

oltmannd

The things that will improve the LD trains are not generally the same kinds of things that will improve corridor trains.  

 
We could make a list...but I think it's fair to say that frequency and speed improve corridors - that's typically track, signalling and equipment - capital.  For LD trains, it's mostly about operations given that speed and frequency are what they are and are hard to change.  So, the major point of attack is from the route managers trying to control costs and boost revenue with the existing assets.
 
If lengthening the LD trains can improve the bottom line, and the incremental net revenue can support the cost to acquire some equipment, this will be a much easier sale.
 

Readers:  ----  IMHO Don is very correct.  The only thing to add is taking care of slow areas.  Extra CPs is one example such as been done on BNSF and the delayed CSX work north of Selma , NC, 

But it is the first & last miles into terminals that delay all trains at many locations..  Mostly improvements would help short distance trains but for example once CHI terminal delays are reduced both types will benefit.  ( Englewood and grand crossing as 2 examples ). Other locations are WASH, BON, STL, PDX, Oakland, LAX (if the south approach is completed ).  

edit --  one example of speed ups is the CLT --  Greensboro  route that has helped both NC trains and the Crescent.  My trip on the Crescent made up ~ 30 minutes between the 2 stations.

o

You could add Denver to the list: incoming trains back into the station--and the switches are lined by hand. There is also slow running coming into Salt Lake City.

Johnny

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Posted by Phoebe Vet on Saturday, October 26, 2013 11:51 AM

Apology accepted.  And now back to our regularly scheduled programing.

Dave

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Posted by Paul Milenkovic on Wednesday, October 30, 2013 10:06 AM

I guess I was criticized for getting too political.

So . . . how bout them Packers!

If GM "killed the electric car", what am I doing standing next to an EV-1, a half a block from the WSOR tracks?

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Posted by daveklepper on Wednesday, October 30, 2013 10:10 AM

The CZ always backed into DUS, because that is the way the tracks are arranged.   But with all the money going into the "New" DUS, any chance of power switches?

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Posted by D.Carleton on Thursday, November 7, 2013 4:26 PM

I was re-reviewing Bob Johnston's pictures from the CAF USA open house when this photo caught my eye: http://trn.trains.com/~/media/Images/Railroad%20News/News%20Wire/2013/11/IMG_7006.jpg?mw=980

The truck has the General Steel Castings mark. I was under the impression that these castings were now made by Columbus Castings, f.k.a. Buckeye Steel Castings. Are they recycling trucks from older equipment (Metroliners, 1500 series MHCs)?

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Posted by oltmannd on Friday, November 8, 2013 11:38 AM

D.Carleton

I was re-reviewing Bob Johnston's pictures from the CAF USA open house when this photo caught my eye: http://trn.trains.com/~/media/Images/Railroad%20News/News%20Wire/2013/11/IMG_7006.jpg?mw=980

The truck has the General Steel Castings mark. I was under the impression that these castings were now made by Columbus Castings, f.k.a. Buckeye Steel Castings. Are they recycling trucks from older equipment (Metroliners, 1500 series MHCs)?

Recycling truck castings is a common occurrence in the locomotive purchasing world.  They are truly made "good as new" by building up worn areas with weld, machining and then soaking in an oven to normalize/relieve any residual stress from fatigue or welding.  Not one iota of difference in performance or life from new for doing this.  

It's a smart, cost saving move.

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Posted by oltmannd on Friday, November 8, 2013 11:41 AM

D.Carleton

I was re-reviewing Bob Johnston's pictures from the CAF USA open house when this photo caught my eye: http://trn.trains.com/~/media/Images/Railroad%20News/News%20Wire/2013/11/IMG_7006.jpg?mw=980

The truck has the General Steel Castings mark. I was under the impression that these castings were now made by Columbus Castings, f.k.a. Buckeye Steel Castings. Are they recycling trucks from older equipment (Metroliners, 1500 series MHCs)?

Did you notice the baggage end of the bag-dorms has stiffer springs (painted red)?  That would be the predominant difference between a baggage car and a non-baggage car's structure.

-Don (Random stuff, mostly about trains - what else? http://blerfblog.blogspot.com/

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Posted by D.Carleton on Friday, November 8, 2013 1:21 PM

oltmannd

D.Carleton

I was re-reviewing Bob Johnston's pictures from the CAF USA open house when this photo caught my eye: http://trn.trains.com/~/media/Images/Railroad%20News/News%20Wire/2013/11/IMG_7006.jpg?mw=980

The truck has the General Steel Castings mark. I was under the impression that these castings were now made by Columbus Castings, f.k.a. Buckeye Steel Castings. Are they recycling trucks from older equipment (Metroliners, 1500 series MHCs)?

Recycling truck castings is a common occurrence in the locomotive purchasing world.  They are truly made "good as new" by building up worn areas with weld, machining and then soaking in an oven to normalize/relieve any residual stress from fatigue or welding.  Not one iota of difference in performance or life from new for doing this.  

It's a smart, cost saving move.

I may be able to answer my own question. Here is a comparative sample of Superliner trucks: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Superliner_trucks.jpg
 
The lower example is obviously a GSC truck but was made by Buckeye Steel Castings. Notice the "Circle B" cast next to the GSC shield. On the new Viewliner there is a underlined "C" next to the shield presumably for Columbus Castings. I find it interesting that decades after GSC disappeared the shield still appears.

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Posted by Anonymous on Friday, November 8, 2013 2:18 PM
 
Which of the two truck designs is the superior?  Why?  Which is the latest?  Please refer to the pictures as one and two from top to bottom for this non-tech rail fan.
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Posted by Paul Milenkovic on Friday, November 8, 2013 3:49 PM

The top truck is for the Superliner I and is the earlier design.

The bottom truck is for the Superliner II and is the later design.

The top, earlier design was influenced by European and especially British research into higher speed passenger trains.  This effort to place the design of train cars that can safely and comfortably operate at high speeds on a scientific-theoretical basis rather than simple trial and error, emphasized the need for the "bogie" (truck in American usage) to precisely control the resistance offered to the wheelset.  This resistance needs to counteract the tendency of the pair of wheels connected by a solid axle to oversteer, resulting in dangerous levels of "hunting" or "nosing" at speed.  Mild levels of such hunting are experienced by the passengers as side-to-side sway.

What makes this earlier Superliner truck different is that it connects the axle box to the truck frame through an articulated link as seen in the picture.  This type of design is characteristic of automotive practice -- the rear suspension in my Ford Taurus has similar links that stabilize the pointing direction of the back wheels.  It is believed that such a suspension design can better control the amount of resistance of change in direction of the axle relative to the truck frame.  It is meant to have that resistance not degrade with wear of the truck over time.

The bottom design from the Superliner II is more characteristic of U.S. passenger train practice.  It is sometimes called a "pedestal" truck as the axle boxes are guided by being allowed to slide in "pedestal" guides in the main truck frame.  You can also see this in the second picture.

This type of truck design is preferred by Amtrak and its maintenance shops for some reason.  Maybe they are more accustomed to knowing how to repair and maintain it.  This design is generally not used in higher-speed trains and certainly not in HSR.  It is more difficult to control the amount of resistance to wheelset self steer with this design, and this design is regarded as being particularly bad as the axle box guides wear, lowering the critical speed and making the train car run much more roughly.

I have asked people who ride Amtrak a lot and have encountered 'bad track" whether it is really the track or it is the fault of the wheelsets and trucks.  On a number of occasions I have asked whether the bad riding is encountered in Amfleet (the resistance of the wheelset to turning is controlled by a synthetic rubber slab in the Budd "Pioneer III" truck design according to Don Oltmann -- Pioneer I was the Pioneer Zephyr whereas Pioneer III was an experimental lighweight train car of more conventional design that first had the Amfleet truck), by the automotive-style links as in Superliner I, or the pedestal-style truck in Superliner II.

One thing Don Oltmann mentioned is something called "Franklin wedges."  These are gadgets used in late-era steam to counteract the wear of axles sliding in pedestal guides as do the drivers on a steam locomotive.  If such appliances can be used in a passenger car truck, this may explain why latter-day pedestal truck designs are indeed qualified for 125 MPH operation whereas older pedestal-truck baggage cars are not.

The superior truck is the one that can offer the proper level of resistance between the wheelset and the truck frame to operate at the speeds required, do so without unduly degrading over time, and be something the Amtrak shops are able to work with.  A yet better truck design may be a forced-steer radial truck where, similar to the Talgo guided axles, the wheelsets are guided into the "radial" direction in relation to the curve by the pivoting of the truck but still have resistance from deviating from this direction.  Such a truck may reduce wheel wear, especially on sharper curves while allowing for smooth, safe high-speed operation.  This advantage has to be weighed against initial cost as well as more parts to maintain.

If GM "killed the electric car", what am I doing standing next to an EV-1, a half a block from the WSOR tracks?

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Posted by CMStPnP on Friday, November 8, 2013 7:25 PM

^^^ Which brings me to another point I neglected to mention from my recent experience on the Capitol Limited, one of the sleepers had wheels with flat spots on it..................leading to the notorious sound of whop-whop-whop-whop-whop, at night when I was drifting off to sleep.   Happily I was in a neighboring car.  

I wonder though now that they are shifting to high speed if they will prioritize fixing flat spots or just reduce the speed of the train in HSR trackage areas............or if it even matters with HSR?

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Posted by daveklepper on Saturday, November 9, 2013 1:04 PM

Paul, thanks for your explanation, it goest a long way to answering some long-held questions.

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Posted by D.Carleton on Monday, November 11, 2013 8:16 PM

oltmannd

Did you notice the baggage end of the bag-dorms has stiffer springs (painted red)?  That would be the predominant difference between a baggage car and a non-baggage car's structure.

Well, having consulted with one of my peers (who has been doing this a lot longer than I) the differences between baggage cars and everything else was made plain. The center sill is not the issue. Aside from the thicker floors and heavier springs it is the side sills which need reinforcement especially around the doors. Otherwise, yes, they are the same. This has been an educational exercise, thank you. I still agree with the original premise, the Viewliner platform did not need to be utilized for baggage cars. Maybe an updated version of this: http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/pictures/44584/aSP%20x6772-1971b%20baggage%20car.jpg

At least we'll have some pretty baggage cars for a while.

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Posted by CJtrainguy on Tuesday, November 12, 2013 8:03 PM

D.Carleton

I still agree with the original premise, the Viewliner platform did not need to be utilized for baggage cars. Maybe an updated version of this: http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/pictures/44584/aSP%20x6772-1971b%20baggage%20car.jpg

At least we'll have some pretty baggage cars for a while.

Since new baggage cars are a given — what platform should they be built on?

The Viewliner is in production. Using that platform allows for sharing many components, with just some additional expense for modifications needed for a baggage car, as detailed elsewhere in this thread. Seems a cost effective way to do it.

Or as you suggest, dust off some old plans from a bygone era, update them for today's standards and produce what amounts to a limited run series, no larger than the number of baggage cars in this order. I am guessing the per each price would be correspondingly higher.

I think I see why the new baggage cars are Viewliner style.

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Posted by D.Carleton on Tuesday, November 12, 2013 9:53 PM

CJtrainguy

D.Carleton

I still agree with the original premise, the Viewliner platform did not need to be utilized for baggage cars. Maybe an updated version of this: http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/pictures/44584/aSP%20x6772-1971b%20baggage%20car.jpg

At least we'll have some pretty baggage cars for a while.

Since new baggage cars are a given — what platform should they be built on?

The Viewliner is in production. Using that platform allows for sharing many components, with just some additional expense for modifications needed for a baggage car, as detailed elsewhere in this thread. Seems a cost effective way to do it.

Or as you suggest, dust off some old plans from a bygone era, update them for today's standards and produce what amounts to a limited run series, no larger than the number of baggage cars in this order. I am guessing the per each price would be correspondingly higher.

I think I see why the new baggage cars are Viewliner style.

In another thread I had suggested rebuilding 50 of the 1500 series MHCs into baggage cars by removing and plating over the plug doors, installing two sets of conventional baggage doors and diaphragmed end doors for in-train access. In essence these would be a modern-day economy baggage car. These cars were built new in the 1980s on new GSC trucks. I believe they were cleared for 125 mph operation (unlike the 1400 series MHCs which rode on rebuilt express boxcars trucks) but will have to check my files when I catch up with them. They had comm lines but not MU lines so they too would have to be added. These and all of Amtrak's Mail & Express boxcars became "persona non grata" on the railroads when that program imploded so it's probably a moot point. Imagine if they had been able to repurpose existing vehicles into baggage cars. Add the cost of the conversion plus the price difference between a new baggage and a new sleeper minus the cost of 50 new baggage cars. Instead of 50 new baggage cars we could have had a smaller amount, maybe 35 or 40, of revenue cars added to what's already being delivered.

Editor Emeritus, This Week at Amtrak

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