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3-Cylinder Steam Locomotives. Why?

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Posted by tomikawaTT on Wednesday, January 28, 2009 12:09 PM

As for three cylinder locomotives on display, isn't the UP 9000 at the LA County Fairgrounds?

Chuck

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Posted by Tulyar15 on Wednesday, January 28, 2009 7:08 AM

jeremygharrison

And to answer the original question on this thread - because four cyliders would be too many :-)

Hmm - not sure I agree with that. For my money, I think a Stanier "Coronation" Pacific could have beaten Mallard's record. Certainly the highest power output recorded by a British steam loco was from a Coronation.

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Posted by jeremygharrison on Tuesday, January 27, 2009 6:51 PM

The Dude With The Hair

Speaking of Tornado, has she been run since she was unveiled with her new Green livery? I've love to see that, Beautiful locomotive!

 

First public run is on Saturday (31 Jan)

And to answer the original question on this thread - because four cyliders would be too many :-)

 

 

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Posted by teen steam fan on Tuesday, January 27, 2009 4:47 PM

Sir Nigel Gresiley (sorry if I spelt his last name wrong) drew up multiple engines with 3 cylinders. His plans were used for many engines such as Peppercorn A1's A2's Gresiley A1/3 A4 and many others. Long story short, more power, more speed, and AND OTHERS

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Posted by paulsafety on Monday, January 26, 2009 7:45 PM

Besides the 4-10-2 that is on display in Philadelphia (Baldwin # 60000) are there other USA built three cylinder (side rod driven) locomotives in existence at other museums?

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Posted by Tulyar15 on Wednesday, January 21, 2009 7:02 AM

tomikawaTT

UPs 4-12-2s were built with Gresley valve gear.  Some of the earlier ones, with plain bearings in the third cylinder valve motion, had the conjugating levers replaced with a third set of Walschaerts valve gear.  The later ones were built with roller bearings in the Gresley motion,  A few of the early ones were  rebuilt with roller bearings in place of the original plain bearings.  Apparently the roller bearings solved the 'creeping cutoff' problem by eliminating the wear, and slack, at the bearings.

Chuck

I think they may have done something in the 1950's with the Gresley Pacifics, as their reliablity was improved at that time.

 Meanwhile Tornado has now completed her main line trials with flying colours and has now received her coat of LNER Apple green. I hope to have a ride behind her sometime this year - haven't yet made up my whether to go for a thrash along the East Coast Main Linee (her natural home) or see her do battle with the Settle & Carlisle line!

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Posted by The Dude With The Hair on Wednesday, January 21, 2009 1:16 AM

Tulyar15

All the 3 cylinders  locos in Britain designed by Nigel Gresley (designer of "Mallard" and "Flying Scotsman") used conjugated valve gear, but almost all others, such as the LMS "Royal Scot" 4-6-0's and "Duke of Gloucester", the final Pacific built in Britain had 3 sets of valve gear.

 During WW2  and after there were a lot of maintenance problems with the conjugated valve and some Gresley engines were rebuilt by his successor, Thompson with 2 cylinders or with 3 sets of valve gear. An example of the latter was Gresley's original prototype Pacifc "Great Northern" which Thompson rebuilt and became the prototype for the later A1 class of which class  the new loco "Tornado" belongs. This too has 3 sets of valve gear.

 

Speaking of Tornado, has she been run since she was unveiled with her new Green livery? I've love to see that, Beautiful locomotive!

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Posted by tomikawaTT on Tuesday, January 20, 2009 11:38 AM

Tulyar15

All the 3 cylinders  locos in Britain designed by Nigel Gresley (designer of "Mallard" and "Flying Scotsman") used conjugated valve gear, but almost all others, such as the LMS "Royal Scot" 4-6-0's and "Duke of Gloucester", the final Pacific built in Britain had 3 sets of valve gear.

 During WW2  and after there were a lot of maintenance problems with the conjugated valve and some Gresley engines were rebuilt by his successor, Thompson with 2 cylinders or with 3 sets of valve gear. An example of the latter was Gresley's original prototype Pacifc "Great Northern" which Thompson rebuilt and became the prototype for the later A1 class of which class  the new loco "Tornado" belongs. This too has 3 sets of valve gear.

UPs 4-12-2s were built with Gresley valve gear.  Some of the earlier ones, with plain bearings in the third cylinder valve motion, had the conjugating levers replaced with a third set of Walschaerts valve gear.  The later ones were built with roller bearings in the Gresley motion,  A few of the early ones were  rebuilt with roller bearings in place of the original plain bearings.  Apparently the roller bearings solved the 'creeping cutoff' problem by eliminating the wear, and slack, at the bearings.

Chuck

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Posted by Tulyar15 on Tuesday, January 20, 2009 1:56 AM

All the 3 cylinders  locos in Britain designed by Nigel Gresley (designer of "Mallard" and "Flying Scotsman") used conjugated valve gear, but almost all others, such as the LMS "Royal Scot" 4-6-0's and "Duke of Gloucester", the final Pacific built in Britain had 3 sets of valve gear.

 During WW2  and after there were a lot of maintenance problems with the conjugated valve and some Gresley engines were rebuilt by his successor, Thompson with 2 cylinders or with 3 sets of valve gear. An example of the latter was Gresley's original prototype Pacifc "Great Northern" which Thompson rebuilt and became the prototype for the later A1 class of which class  the new loco "Tornado" belongs. This too has 3 sets of valve gear.

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Posted by tomikawaTT on Friday, January 16, 2009 9:28 PM

blue streak 1

one other advantage i suspect is if any cylinder failed a mechanic could isolate it and the engine limp in to a repair roundhouse.

Two cylinder locos could get home on one cylinder as long as care was taken not to dead-center the one active cylinder.  A N&W Class J 4-8-4 that threw an eccentric rod 'limped' back to Roanoke at a reported 85mph!

As for Mallard, the problem bearing was the main bearing on the cranked driver axle, which couldn't be properly lubricated.  There was actually a stink bomb attached to it, which would let the cab crew know when it was overheating.  Fairly early on in the record run, the stink bomb went off.  The driver* thought that the record was more important than the integrity of the bearing and maintained full power.  Once it had a chance to cool, the bearing seized.

*I know that the locomotive operator is called an engineer in the US - but Mallard was operating east of the Atlantic.

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Friday, January 16, 2009 7:19 PM

one other advantage i suspect is if any cylinder failed a mechanic could isolate it and the engine limp in to a repair roundhouse.

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Posted by jchnhtfd on Friday, January 16, 2009 8:11 AM

The problem referred to with Mallard -- and some other types of 3 cylinder steam engines -- does have to do with the valve gear on the middle cylinder, but it's not a design flaw. Some 3 cylinder types used what is termed 'conjugated' valve gear for the middle cylinder -- that is, the middle cylinder valves were controlled by a rather complex linkage from the two regular valve gears (which could be anything -- Walschaert's, Baker, what have you). Worked fine and got around the problem of where do you put the third valve gear. However... if it got worn, it was quite possible that it would begin to overtravel and the middle cylinder would take much more of the load than the outer pair. This could give trouble with the big end (the bearing where centre main rod joins the driven axle). Other 3 cylinder designs used three separate valve gears, and didn't have that problem.
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Posted by The Dude With The Hair on Thursday, January 15, 2009 11:01 PM

 I remember reading that Mallard, after setting its speed record, had to be pulled off the train due to damage to the middle cylinder...IIRC there was a design flaw that caused the middle cylinder to do too much of the work at high speed and this caused the big end (whatever that is) to fail or overheat.

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Posted by Deggesty on Thursday, January 15, 2009 9:11 PM

blue streak 1

ie a power stroke every 60 degrees of axel turn vs 90 degrees for a two cylinder engine. Also not as much pounding on the rails

Yes, a great advantage--until the valve gear on the middle cylinder fails. I believe that some engines built with three cylinders were rebuilt with only two because of the difficulty of maintaining the middle cylinder.

Johnny

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Wednesday, January 14, 2009 3:01 PM

ie a power stroke every 60 degrees of axel turn vs 90 degrees for a two cylinder engine. Also not as much pounding on the rails

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Posted by tomikawaTT on Monday, January 12, 2009 6:54 PM

Three cylinder simple expansion steam locomotives were built for two complementary reasons:

  1. Smoother torque - think automotive engines, 4 vs 6 cylinders.
  2. The ability to fully utilize the output of a large, efficient boiler without huge cylinders and over-heavy reciprocating parts.

The IP's list didn't include the most numerous and widespread 3-cylinder steam locos - Shays.

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Posted by spokyone on Saturday, January 10, 2009 7:24 PM

CSSHEGEWISCH

I've long been intrigued by 3-cylinder simple steam locomotives, such as IHB U-4a's, SP 4-10-2's, UP 4-12-2's, etc.  What was the theory behind their design and why were they built?

Interesting. Perhaps some one has this book?

  • Boynton, James E (1973). The 4-10-2: Three Barrels of Steam. Glenwood: Felton. ISBN 911760-13-X. 
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    Posted by richg1998 on Saturday, January 10, 2009 5:17 PM

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    3-Cylinder Steam Locomotives. Why?
    Posted by CSSHEGEWISCH on Saturday, January 10, 2009 2:03 PM

    I've long been intrigued by 3-cylinder simple steam locomotives, such as IHB U-4a's, SP 4-10-2's, UP 4-12-2's, etc.  What was the theory behind their design and why were they built?

    The daily commute is part of everyday life but I get two rides a day out of it. Paul

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