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Air-Operated Locomotive Starters

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Posted by Shadow the Cats owner on Saturday, February 19, 2022 4:03 PM

If my boss gets back into the reefer business he's thinking about having the fleet of trailers run 2 starters 1 air as the primary and when they are hooked up to the trailer and then an electric one for when unhooked and sitting waiting to be picked up.  Why with the air one no dead battery issue and constant supply from the air system on the trailer just a couple lines needed.  For the stand-by system can run a smaller battery and solar panels to keep it charged.  He's done the math on weight and should be lighter by 50 to 100 pounds the way he wants to set it up.  It all adds up to extra cargo for revenue.  

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Posted by BaltACD on Friday, February 11, 2022 2:15 PM

blue streak 1
It appears that the Bright line Chargers are air starters.  Note this link of Brightline Blue2 at Orlando had to have the  CSX loco apparently going back and providing air to the Charger. 

Delivering Brightline's BrightBlue 2 Train to the Orlando Vehicle Maintenance Facility - YouTube

Unfortunately, the act of starting the locomotive on air was not shown in the video.

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Posted by blue streak 1 on Friday, February 11, 2022 11:52 AM

It appears that the Bright line Chargers are air starters.  Note this link of Brightline Blue2 at Orlando had to have the  CSX loco apparently going back and providing air to the Charger. 

Delivering Brightline's BrightBlue 2 Train to the Orlando Vehicle Maintenance Facility - YouTube

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Posted by Overmod on Thursday, February 10, 2022 6:00 PM

BMW was rightly famous for figuring out exactly how to handle this issue, after the functional boondoggle that was their hydrogen-powered V12 (I confess I loved that car immensely, but it was wildly impractical in too many ways)

What BMW did was an advanced and more thoughtful version of what Budd did with the SPV2000: they kept a liquid-fueled propulsion engine as the drivetrain, and used a 'reformer' to generate hydrogen from that fuel that could be used in a fuel cell of about 5kW size... which ran most of the normally-belt-driven stuff on the engine, like the water pump, power steering, and air-conditioning compressor, as well as all the lighting, fans, entertainment and so forth elsewhere on the car.  Note that this makes everything available 'all the time', whether the main motor is running or not, or the theft immobilizer active -- and it makes it possible to stay warm, cool, and entertained all night in relative silence.

In practice you could also use a smaller cell as an emergency starting device, feeding something like a supercapacitor to build up enough energy to pull in and start the engine with adequate voltage for the computer and injectors.  Might take a few minutes, like the bad old days of jump-starting GMs with side-terminal batteries where you actually had to charge the battery instead of bridging with external power in parallel... but it would be small and relatively inexpensive. 

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Posted by BEAUSABRE on Thursday, February 10, 2022 5:39 PM

Modelcar
Back in my {Uncle Sam}, days, we had a small engine with a generator to provide power to start the tanks large Continental V-12's...when they were still gasoline operated.  If I remember correctly, they {the V-12's}, were 2,900 cid.  Air cooled too. Add Quote to your

Back in my day, the APU's were known as "Little Joes" - one cylinder putt-putts.  The main engine was the Continental AVDS-1790 (Air-Cooled, V-Configuration, Diesel, Supercharged (actually turbocharged), 1790 cubic inch displacement). The M60 series and M1 series omitted the Little Joes, until combat experience in the Middle East created such a demand from the field that they were retrofitted to the M1 fleet. The primary reason for the APU was (and is) to keep the batteries charged when the main engine was shut down, but the radio and intercom had to be kept live - and running them down -, such as in a night defensive position (aka "laager")

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Posted by Overmod on Wednesday, February 9, 2022 2:24 PM

Some of the older units rather 'sensibly' did not have starters with Bendix drive at all; they motored the main generator which had "adequate" torque (as Rolls-Royce would say).  Once you have a traction alternator that was no longer possible for many years.  In theory, you could use an inverter to motor it now...

My opinion is that the locomotive should be equipped with an air starter and an electric compressor to build up pressure in an accumulator for it if the MR leaks down.  Put a side tap to this accumulator on each side of the unit, and take air from the Brandt unit or from a compressor on a service hi-rail truck.

Don Oltmann may remember the tail end of the awful Penn Central days when many units had batteries with inadequate voltage on account of bad cells, or no functioning battery at all, and despite the cost had to be kept idling.  In fact there were some that barely had enough functioning power assemblies to keep running at idle... or restart with any amount of jumping if they stalled.

I actually saw the last high-hood Alco working near Kearny in the '70s, and it had that typical Alco worn-governor thing where the engine a-a-a-almost stalls and then at the last moment makes a burst of chugs.  That was the first time I saw the color of the flame from burning chunks of motor brush falling on the track... I still don't quite know how they got out under there, but I saw them go, and I was reminded of this seeing some of the pictures from Chernobyl.  

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Posted by Flintlock76 on Tuesday, February 8, 2022 12:29 PM

As an aside, the famous Russian T-34 tank of WW2 fame had an air-start system for its diesel engine.  Strictly intended as a back-up, the primary starting system was electric. 

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Posted by tree68 on Tuesday, February 8, 2022 7:05 AM

Back when Diesel fuel was a quarter a gallon, the railroads just left the locomotives running.  

Saw the end of what I think was a jump start of a locomotive on IC years ago - from a bank of batteries in the back of a pick up.

Fire truck have used rotary gear/vane pumps for priming for years, driven by an electric motor.  You can always hear the whine.  I've encountered air motor driven primers - add that noise to the whine of the pump and it's unique.  Our current engine has a venturi primer.  Still air driven, but it's just a hiss...

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Posted by BaltACD on Monday, February 7, 2022 8:08 PM

SD70Dude
I remember my first experience with air starters.  Walking between a SD70M-2 and cars in an adjacent track when it fired up.  Just about jumped out of my pants, sure wasn't expecting that sound!

Our operating instructions prohibit us from manually shutting down air start units, as the starting reservoir can leak off despite supposedly being isolated from the rest of the air system (there was an incident where this happened, causing severe train delay).

As was mentioned, the great thing about air starters is you can recharge a dead unit almost instantly simply by hooking it up to another unit, or any other vehicle with an air compressor.  Way easier than calling out shop staff and fooling around with jumper cables.   

Our SD70M-2s have gradually been fitted with backup electric starters, but the air starter is always tried first.  For redundancy this is the best configuration, it saves wear and tear on the Delco starter motors and batteries while still allowing for a second try if the air leaks off (we still aren't allowed to manually shut them down).  

I am surprised that both air and electric aren't standard on all locomotives.  Since both have their failure modes, it is less likely both will fail at the same time.

Cost, Cost, Cost - I know.  What do you think is the cost to the operation of a locomotive that won't start.  Big costs especially if that engine's power is actually REQUIRED to move the train.

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Posted by SD70Dude on Monday, February 7, 2022 6:05 PM

I remember my first experience with air starters.  Walking between a SD70M-2 and cars in an adjacent track when it fired up.  Just about jumped out of my pants, sure wasn't expecting that sound!

Our operating instructions prohibit us from manually shutting down air start units, as the starting reservoir can leak off despite supposedly being isolated from the rest of the air system (there was an incident where this happened, causing severe train delay).

As was mentioned, the great thing about air starters is you can recharge a dead unit almost instantly simply by hooking it up to another unit, or any other vehicle with an air compressor.  Way easier than calling out shop staff and fooling around with jumper cables.   

Our SD70M-2s have gradually been fitted with backup electric starters, but the air starter is always tried first.  For redundancy this is the best configuration, it saves wear and tear on the Delco starter motors and batteries while still allowing for a second try if the air leaks off (we still aren't allowed to manually shut them down).  

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Posted by mackb4 on Friday, February 4, 2022 6:17 AM

Then you havent seen a unit or units setting in a yard off air or not running for a few days.

They definatly will eventually loose enough air to not turn the starter over,been there done that .

I've had to on numerous occasions pull a running unit up beside a dead air powered starter unit and charge the tanks.

The problem is with all this fuel conservation the railroads have embrassed is slowly killing the batteries .

We even put ground air on some of the units to keep the air tanks full to help out when we know the unit has weak batteries but enough charge in them  .

 

 

 

Collin ,operator of the " Eastern Kentucky & Ohio R.R."

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Posted by ARTHUR HAVILAND on Thursday, December 23, 2021 2:28 PM

In 1971 I was on a southbound freight that was stopped at CP 7 in Bogot, NJ. We had three Alco Century series locomotives with air starters. A cop came over and told the engineer to shut the enginea down because they were making too much noise. When we got the signal to go the engineer started the first engine while I started the second and the brakeman fired up the third. Those starters sounded like 50 caliber machine guns. All the lights came on in the nearby apartments and the cop car came down the street again but by that time we were on the move south on the main line. The engineer was Rheingold Pete Peterson and the brakeman was Lenny Thoma.

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Posted by Kootenay Central on Sunday, April 15, 2012 2:19 AM
Thank You.
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Posted by DwightBranch on Sunday, April 15, 2012 2:02 AM

Kootenay Central

The item shown in the previous post is the Diesel Engine Governor.

That makes sense as you can see the fuel rack behind it. Starters on semis are high maintenance item because of all the torque on a diesel, when you start a truck the whole cab rocks, and I would bet an air starter would be simpler and possibly more durable than an electric motor. But I would think that they wouldn't want to bury them in the main generator as they wear out fast on trucks at least and you would want to get to them easily.

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Posted by Kootenay Central on Sunday, April 15, 2012 1:11 AM
The item shown in the previous post is the Diesel Engine Governor which works in conjunction with electric signals from the throttle in the lead cab, ( Throttle 1 does not increase engine RPMs ) mechanical engine RPMs, and lubricating oil pressure to match Diesel engine speed with electric power demands on the connected Main Generator to 'move' locomotive and tonnage, thru the Traction Motors, in relation to permitted speed requirements and grade conditions. The top part of the instrument has to do with maximum and minimum field. The small vertical piston at the bottom moves the levers and cranks thru the shaft inside the coil spring down to actuate the fuel injection pumps under the Alco covers on the power assemblies along the block to cause the pumps to inject more or less fuel to the cylinders, as required. Others more versed in this technology can add further. ( On the road, back in the Sixties, depending on the locomotive type, we might have to 'jack' the Governor piston from below with the Yellow hose wrench from the cab to manually actuate the fuel racks if the Diesel would not start normally when cranking. ) I understand THIS PA was re-engined with a 251 from a former BCR locomotive. Most, if not all, CPR 3000/3600/4000HP locomotives from MLW in the 4500/4550/4700 series had air starters. They DID make a shrieking sound on starting. Benefits were, when in MU with on the road, or adjacent to on the shop, a running locomotive, there was lots of air to crank a Diesel if cold or stubborn without having to worry about the batteries if they were cold or tired, too. Probably a cost saving at the factory, as fewer batteries and their maintenance required, no starting switch, contactors or circuits. O.T. Some Mack trucks in the Fifties had air starters. Ditto noisy. Thank You.
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Posted by DwightBranch on Saturday, April 14, 2012 7:34 PM

I think this is an air starter from its position near where the flywheel would be on a semi (on Doyle McCormick's Alco PA):

http://nkp190.com/gallery.html?albumid=5637218834167272337&photoid=5666588343963321362

http://nkp190.com/gallery.html?albumid=5637218834167272337&photoid=5666588339992108130

When I drove a semi as a student to put myself through college I would occasionally get a Ford truck that my company had acquired second-hand, from Con-Way I believe, that had an air starter. When you started it it sounded like an air ratchet, like when they are changing tires on a race car, every bit as loud, not popular if you are parked in a residential neighborhood.

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Posted by Randy Stahl on Saturday, April 14, 2012 7:39 AM

I remember air starters on ALCos. We have a few SD90MAC-H2s here and we have to charge the air with another locomotive after 2-3 days.

 

Randy

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Posted by carnej1 on Wednesday, April 11, 2012 11:09 AM

I have read that some ALCO Century series locomotives used air starters.....I know that ICG's C636's had them....

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Posted by samfp1943 on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 10:07 PM

switch7frg

Smile  Sam do you remember the White 9000jt?? Those had air start .  In my more foolish days  at a stop light  , my hand would smack the startair button. Sure surprised some folk.

                                                                        Cannonball

Sure do!  Put a lot of miles on a snub nose White with one.

     Had a B-61 Quadraplex (w/672 Mack) that would happen to,

                       on occasion, also.Mischief   THAT truck was as hot in the Winter, as it was in the Summer!

But that's another story.Crying

 

 


 

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Posted by switch7frg on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 8:29 PM

Smile  Sam do you remember the White 9000jt?? Those had air start .  In my more foolish days  at a stop light  , my hand would smack the startair button. Sure surprised some folk.

                                                                        Cannonball

Y6bs evergreen in my mind

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Posted by edblysard on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 8:23 PM

The EMD  autostart has sensors in the batteries, the main air reservoir, the radiator and the engine block...if temps drop below a set temperature, the autostart kicks the diesel on to warm the block and water, if the batteries discharge below a set point, it also starts the prime to charge the batteries.

If the air pressure in the main reservoir and or the train line drops below a set pressure, it will start to run the compressor and recharge the main and keep the brakes charged.

The air start equipped SD90 and Mac has a reserve or secondary reservoir for the starter, located just behind the rear cab door inside the first compartment, it is automatically charged from the main reservoir and replenished by the compressor..,

Once the prime is cranked, the starter reservoir is recharged same as the main air by the compressor, it has its own cut off switch.

On our locomotives, MP1500Ds, if the isolate/run switch is in the isolate position, and no control surface is moved, (brakes set or released, throttle advanced, reverser moved) the system will shut the prime off in 10 minutes...if any of the pre-determined "faults"  occur, it will restart the prime, although ours are electric start.

On the SD90/90Macs, you can, in a pinch, recharge the main, and hence the starter reservoir from ground air or another locomotive, but if you have to do this, then the locomotive needs to be checked over for a problem, the system should never let it shut off if there is a issue.

Now, if you shut the locomotive off on purpose, yes the main can leak down, but the starter reservoir will not.

 

Originally, quite a few first generation locomotives, and a lot of diesel engines used air starters.

Only in the last decade has EMD gone back to them, simply because even if there is an electrical failure, battery fail or other problem, you can most likely start the diesel with this system.

Keep in mind the SD90 and SD90Macs have lots and lots of on board electrical components, computers, radios and such, using air start eliminates one potential and major problem.

Even if the main computer craps out, you can start the locomotive.

23 17 46 11

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Posted by samfp1943 on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 6:45 PM

       Air Starters have been used for years in the Trucking industry. I would not say they were real popular, but quite a few were around. Roadway Express was one carrier that used them on a major portion of their equipment. They had a dedicated resivoir for the air start system, that was charged off the service air system. They seemed to be popular with carriers operating in colder climes, dump truckers seemed to favor them, although some used them to surprise by standers ( a practice generally frowned upon).

   heavier diesel in the Construction industry seemed to favor a donkey engine to start the main power plant, and some of the donkey motors had air starter systems.  

  Don't  ever recall seeing or hearing a Diesel Locomotive with an air start system. They probably had then somewhere...Any one know of any?

 

 

 


 

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Posted by David K. Wheeler on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 5:20 PM

The autostart system periodically - ELECTRICALLY - starts the locomotive which in turn charges the battery which starts the locomotive the next time restart it is required.

Is there some system which uses the AIR RESERVOIR contents to start the locomotive when the battery is low or discharged?

 

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Posted by Modelcar on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 5:03 PM

.....Ed....Is there a small "slave" engine to automatically keep the air pressure up as the engine remains idle...?

Back in my {Uncle Sam}, days, we had a small engine with a generator to provide power to start the tanks large Continental V-12's...when they were still gasoline operated.  If I remember correctly, they {the V-12's}, were 2,900 cid.  Air cooled too.

Quentin

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Posted by edbenton on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 5:01 PM

Plus if you need more air to Start just grab another Locomotive and recharge the Tanks and LET HER RIP.  Reminds me of the time a DOT boy got under this Cabover that had one and was sitting under the Exhaust for the Air Starter and told the Driver to Start the Engine.  Driver asked him to move as he was in an danger area DOT officer said DO AS I SAY.  So the driver Obeyed the DOT officer and next thing the DOT man felt was a 120LB PSI blast right on his chest.  He was not a happy guy. 

Always at war with those that think OTR trucking is EASY.
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Posted by edblysard on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 4:31 PM

Common on SD90, SD90Macs.

Bleed down is not an issue, same system (autostart) that keeps the batteries charged keeps the aip up, and there is a seperate system for the starter.

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Air-Operated Locomotive Starters
Posted by David K. Wheeler on Tuesday, April 10, 2012 3:54 PM

Do they exist?  How do they work?  How common are they? 

Doesn't the bleed down of the reservoir render them useless?

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