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yes, all locomotives carry sand on them (when they are properly serviced). the sand is carried in built in hoppers in the front and rear of each unit. there is a valve that controls the flow of sand so that they are not sanding all the time, but only when the engineer has the sanders on or in the case of newer units, when the computer senses wheel slip. the sand is carried via piping and flexible hoses to a location immediately ahead of the lead wheels and over the rail head (some engines have sander hoses at additional locations). I have never seen them refered to as sand ports, but I assume you mean the sander hatches where sand is added to the engine. on most engines there are 2 hatches in the front and either 1 or 2 hatches at the rear of the engine. And yes, when you have a heavy train or it's raining/snowing (and several other situations as well) you definately hope that your engines (at least the lead one, hopefully the rest also) have some sand in 'em.
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