The "standard" is that an engine will move forward with positive voltage on the right hand rail when facing forward.
That's not to say you might have things wired in reverse. Your simplest approach would be to wire up a single headlight and see if it works as expected - if not, reverse the leads. Wire the other end the opposite as the first. That probably would have taken less time than posting your question in the first place !
NOW - write it down so you don't forget ! ;)
Mark.
¡ uʍop ǝpısdn sı ǝɹnʇɐuƃıs ʎɯ 'dlǝɥ
Your theory is correct but you will be burning out a lot of LEDs without additional components to limit the current and maintain the proper polarity in both directions.
That sounds right and as long as your track feeders put the +DC on the left wheels running forward and you use the proper value resistor it will work, for DC track power. If you are running with DCC both LED's will light regardless of the loco's direction.