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DCC Power Districts

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  • Member since
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Posted by jeffrey-wimberly on Thursday, October 12, 2006 6:22 PM
As far as breaking the layout into power districts goes, do it.

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Posted by Vail and Southwestern RR on Thursday, October 12, 2006 4:38 PM

 jfugate wrote:
Jeff:

The reason I'm suspecting it could be less is the light bulbs act as a dynamic variable resistor and as you add locos, they start to kick in by glowing slightly to the DCC AC-like signal, which makes the resistance of the bulb change and the current limiting effect starts to kick in, which then causes the bulb to vary yet again ... and so it goes creating a very dynamic flow of current.

I'm also not sure every bulb is completely identical, I've seen indications that there's some variance in manufacturing that affects how the bulbs behave for our purposes. All the manufacturers care about is that they burn bright on 12 volts DC and they last a decent length of time going "blink blink blink" over and over when you turn! Smile,Wink, & Grin [swg]

That's sort of what I was trying to say, they never really get to a full on state.  What made me not like this line of reasoning was that as one increases resistance, the other should get more current, casuing it to increase, etc., etc.  The DCC nature of things might have some impact, but it doesn't spend time at zero, and the transition is pretty fast, so I don't think it should cause what we are talking about.  I'm sure they are not "identical", like you said, they just need to light up and last a while.  And be produced as cheaply as possible.

Of course one could always try 3!  I'm not going to worry about it any more, since in N scale 2 A is going to be plenty!

Jeff But it's a dry heat!

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Posted by jfugate on Thursday, October 12, 2006 4:23 PM
Jeff:

The reason I'm suspecting it could be less is the light bulbs act as a dynamic variable resistor and as you add locos, they start to kick in by glowing slightly to the DCC AC-like signal, which makes the resistance of the bulb change and the current limiting effect starts to kick in, which then causes the bulb to vary yet again ... and so it goes creating a very dynamic flow of current.

I'm also not sure every bulb is completely identical, I've seen indications that there's some variance in manufacturing that affects how the bulbs behave for our purposes. All the manufacturers care about is that they burn bright on 12 volts DC and they last a decent length of time going "blink blink blink" over and over when you turn! Smile,Wink, & Grin [swg]

Joe Fugate Modeling the 1980s SP Siskiyou Line in southern Oregon

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Posted by Vail and Southwestern RR on Thursday, October 12, 2006 3:28 PM

 jfugate wrote:
Putting two bulbs in parallel does increase the current limit somewhat beyond two amps -- in theory it should double the current limit, but because of other factors I suspect it's somewhat less, 3 amps or so maybe.

I'd have to experiment with a DCC-savvy amp meter to be able to tell you for sure.

The results of that experiment would be interesting.  I guess the eperiment could just be done with DC to see the difference, though the actual values might not be so accurate.

I've been using a few brain cells to try to figure why it sould be less, so far I can't see it, but the dynamic nature as the transition from a wire to a light bulb might cause the pair to get into some kind of equilibrium other than both dead on.  Still can't make that work in my head, at least not with a dead short.  But that won't stop me thinking about it!  Or course, in N Scale, I am not going to have to worry about such a problem anyway!

Jeff But it's a dry heat!

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Posted by jfugate on Thursday, October 12, 2006 2:50 PM
Putting two bulbs in parallel does increase the current limit somewhat beyond two amps -- in theory it should double the current limit, but because of other factors I suspect it's somewhat less, 3 amps or so maybe.

I'd have to experiment with a DCC-savvy amp meter to be able to tell you for sure.

Here's a link to a video clip that shows the light bulbs in action on a DCC layout when you get a short.

Joe Fugate Modeling the 1980s SP Siskiyou Line in southern Oregon

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Posted by Vail and Southwestern RR on Thursday, October 12, 2006 2:28 PM
 MisterBeasley wrote:

Joe - so the way this 1156 bulb thing works is that for normal loads like a locomotive and maybe a few passenger cars with lights, the bulb doesn't get enough voltage <-current to heat up, and therefore acts like a DC wire?  And when you short the track, then the current goes up, the filament heats and glows, but now the voltage drop is across the lamp instead of the trains?

Do you get the 2-amp limit as a by-product of the bulb?  What happens if you're running a pair of sound-equipped engines, and they're pulling an amp apiece?  Or is the bulb still just a wire in this case?

Also, what special provisions do you have to make for reversers?  Or does the bulb go between the reverser and the track?

You've got the concept.  If you are really going to draw 2 amps into one train block you are going to have to do somthing else, either a breaker or maybe a couple of bulbs in parallel (I'd have to think a bit of how that would work if the bulbs didn't act exactly the same way).  I don't know the answer in the reverser question, since the reverser wants to see a short I guess the question would be does the reverser see it before the bulb eats it.  Or, if the bulb was before the reverser maybe it all would work out.  I think some reversers automatically protect as well, in which case it becomes a moot point.  Someone with the relevant experience needs to save me here!

 

Jeff But it's a dry heat!

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Posted by MisterBeasley on Thursday, October 12, 2006 12:15 PM

Joe - so the way this 1156 bulb thing works is that for normal loads like a locomotive and maybe a few passenger cars with lights, the bulb doesn't get enough voltage to heat up, and therefore acts like a DC wire?  And when you short the track, then the current goes up, the filament heats and glows, but now the voltage drop is across the lamp instead of the trains?

Do you get the 2-amp limit as a by-product of the bulb?  What happens if you're running a pair of sound-equipped engines, and they're pulling an amp apiece?  Or is the bulb still just a wire in this case?

Also, what special provisions do you have to make for reversers?  Or does the bulb go between the reverser and the track?

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Posted by jfugate on Thursday, October 12, 2006 11:20 AM
MB:

Yes, you got it -- one booster per power district. At the power district boundaries, I gap both rails directly across from each other so all the loco wheels cross the boundary at the same time.

I also cut sub-block gaps in both rails to create multiple blocks within a power district, and I call those "train blocks". The gap locations for these train blocks works just like the old cab control blocking, and I insert an 1156 bulb in series to one of main buss feeders to that train block.

The result is a DCC layout that is practically "short proof". A train can short the track and it kicks in the 1156 light bulb as the new load, limiting the max current flow to 2 amps and not registering as a short back at the booster. The end result is you've isolated the short to just that one train and all the other trains, even in the same booster district, keep running because the 1156 bulb is taking the hit with the short, not the booster.

I cut gaps for train blocks and added the 1156 bulbs as short management protection on my layout in the summer of 2000 and it is *wonderful*. It used to be everyone was painfully aware of where all the booster power district boundaries were cuz someone would short the track and people would start hollering "okay, WHO shorted the layout?"

Now, if somebody shorts the track their feet will light up (from the 1156 bulb) and everyone else's trains keep blissfully running along and nobody even notices. It's *great*! Smile,Wink, & Grin [swg]

Joe Fugate Modeling the 1980s SP Siskiyou Line in southern Oregon

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Posted by MisterBeasley on Wednesday, October 11, 2006 7:13 AM

I suppose this is more a question of teminology than anything else:

What defines a "power district?"  I had thought that each power district, by definition, had its own power booster.  Subdividing things further than that, with a circuit breaker or reverser, for example, would not create a separate power district, but it would actually be more like an old Block.

By this definition, my layout has only one power district, because I've got only one booster.  The turntable and yard areas, isolated electrically and run through reversers, are not separate "districts."

Even on my relatively small 5x12 foot layout, I do find having the breakers valuable when tracing shorts, by the way.

It takes an iron man to play with a toy iron horse. 

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Posted by larak on Tuesday, October 10, 2006 11:49 PM
 Alan_B wrote:

The "easy" way to protect power districts is to use a 1156 tail light bulb for each district.  The bulb will light up on a short and show which district has the problem.  It will limit the current flowing to about 2 amps to "protect" your wiring and also will allow other power districts to continue to operate.



Sign - Ditto [#ditto] The taillight technique is great! I use it on my DC (eventually to become DCC) layout and it has twice allowed me to quickly find shorts while continuing to run most of the layout. One short was caused when I installed a three way TO and a cut rail gap slid closed. The other was when one set of points in a double crossover was accidentally left in the wrong position during operations. The engine came along and stopped short. Underneath was a lit bulb. No damage and easy troubleshooting at very low cost.

Remember more districts equals better isolation of problems. Do it any way you can.

Karl


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Posted by jbinkley60 on Tuesday, October 10, 2006 9:08 PM

I have a 10'x12' layout with 10 blocks being powered by two 5A and one 8A booster.  Joe essentially hits the reasons why.  I plan to add more sound locomotives and wanted smaller fault domains.  I use Tony's power shields and reverse shields with no problems.  Another advantage of having 10 blocks is that, if needed, I can always go to one booster per block.  I highly recommend blocking and districts (if needed) at dedsign and wiring time.  If you don't need them all day one, wire them in parallel until you do.  Then split them out as needed.  it is much easier this way than going back into a finished layout, cutting rails, fishing wire, soldering etc...

Here's the block breakouts for my layout.  The thick red lines indicate gapped rails between blocks.

http://www.thebinks.com/trains/images/plan1v3_rev10_with_blocks.jpg

 

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Posted by dadret on Tuesday, October 10, 2006 3:10 PM
Thanks everybody - got some good ideas.
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Posted by jfugate on Tuesday, October 10, 2006 1:59 PM
Okay, here's a quickie guide on DCC power districts.

First, you need to know how many trains you want to run at one time and then determine their amperage draw. With the advent of sound locos, the amperage draw could be more than you think.

It also depends on how many locos you will have per train. On my 19880s HO Siskiyou Line we typically run three diesels on the front and two more units 2/3rds back as mid-train helpers. That's 5 locos per typical train.

Now if the average HO loco draws 0.2 amps each, then that's one amp per train. Now if we're running three such trains per power district then I will need to supply 3 amps per district.

Bringing sound locos into the picture changes things ... the typical Soundtraxx loco draws 0.4 amps and a QSI loco draws 0.6 amps. Now if we're using all sound locos, we're looking at 2 amps per train for Soundtraxx decoders or 3 amps per train for QSI locos. For 3 trains at a time that's 6 to 9 amps! Time for more power districts, since I don't recommend going over 5 amps per district unless you like to get some real damage to your equipment when something derails and you get a short.

Second, you need to break up the layout electrically to help isolate shorts and to make debugging wiring issues easier. The most common cause of shorts on a layout is derailments -- and the most common place you see derailments is at turnouts.

So, any place on your layout where you have a lot of turnouts together should be their own power district -- like at a yard for instance. Any major yard or industrial switching area should be its own power district in order to keep any derailment-related shorts isolated from the rest of the layout.

These are the key considerations when determining if how many boosters and power districts you will need on your layout.

Joe Fugate Modeling the 1980s SP Siskiyou Line in southern Oregon

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Posted by Anonymous on Monday, October 9, 2006 6:20 PM

 dadret wrote:
I'm building my second layout and first DCC and have been doing a lot of homework on setting up the DCC but I am really wondering if I need to divide my relatively small layout into power districts. I probably won't run more than three locos at one time and my layout is approx 18' x 12'. I've purchased an MRC Prodigy Advance (which is probably more than I need but I got it for a great price). Do I really need additional power boosters, and , if so, do I have to use one by MRC or will any brand work. (I plan to control my switches with the DCC also as soon as I figure out how. I know I will need one or more stationary decoders).

I have a Prodigy Advance and can tell you that it will run at least four sound equipped engines with power left over for other use. You will not need any boosters.

You do need to divide your layout into several power districts.  If you have a problem (derailment or short) in one district; the others will continue to operate.  The other advantage of several districts is that you will know "about" where the problem is and not have to troubleshoot the entire layout.

The "easy" way to protect power districts is to use a 1156 tail light bulb for each district.  The bulb will light up on a short and show which district has the problem.  It will limit the current flowing to about 2 amps to "protect" your wiring and also will allow other power districts to continue to operate.

I am using eight power districts on a 75" x 178" room sized layout that has 300' of track.  I make each yard a district and have three climbing loops on one and a continuous run loop on another.  I have had derailments in one district and enjoyed normal operation in all of the others.

I use Atlas snap switches and do not control them from the throttle.  If you are running two or more engines; trying to access the switches from the throttle can get confusing (it may work well for you though).

 

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Posted by Anonymous on Monday, October 9, 2006 5:33 PM
First, yes, I'd strongly agree that multiple power districts can save headaches. Both in helping find problems and in not disturbing trains running in the rest of the layout when one district has a problem.

Second, you don't necessarily need multiple boosters to have multiple power districts. You can use specialized circuit breakers. The ones from Tony's (http://tonystrains.com/) are the best, as they're all electronic. There's a PS/1, PS/2, and PS/4, with one, two, or 4 circuits on one board. There's also a PS/Rev for automatic handling of reverse loops or turntables.

They may also prevent damage to your DCC controller if there's a "hard" short (like somebody setting a screwdriver on the rails!).

There's no hard and fast rules about how to divide your layout, but if you'll have a large yard, industrial switching area, and/or engine service area, those would be good candidates for separate districts.
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Posted by ARTHILL on Monday, October 9, 2006 5:25 PM
I only have one power district and I have had no problems, which is why I probably am of no help. When I start having problems, I will probably wish I had more separation.
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Posted by Vail and Southwestern RR on Monday, October 9, 2006 5:24 PM
You should most likely not need another booster, but you might want to break things up.  After you read this http://www.trains.com/trccs/forums/467624/ShowPost.aspx  Evil [}:)] come back with your questions!

Jeff But it's a dry heat!

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Posted by Gary UK on Monday, October 9, 2006 5:18 PM

Have a look at the post i started a little way down the page ref' DCC control of switch's.

On my old layout i skimped on any power boosters or indeed power districts but alot of lessons have been learnt since then. My old layout was 11'6x9'6 and if i got a short, it was a nightmare to find. I wouldnt go down that route again and plan to divide my new layout into seperate power districts. I did find that i didnt need any extra power boosters though and had no problems with loco's losing DCC signals or shooting off out of control. This may or may not be to do with the fact that i use the NCE Power Pro which gives a few more amps than some systems.

The mains transformer i use is a Lenz unit with the mandatory 14 volt output.

Hope that helps abit.

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DCC Power Districts
Posted by dadret on Monday, October 9, 2006 5:01 PM
I'm building my second layout and first DCC and have been doing a lot of homework on setting up the DCC but I am really wondering if I need to divide my relatively small layout into power districts. I probably won't run more than three locos at one time and my layout is approx 18' x 12'. I've purchased an MRC Prodigy Advance (which is probably more than I need but I got it for a great price). Do I really need additional power boosters, and , if so, do I have to use one by MRC or will any brand work. (I plan to control my switches with the DCC also as soon as I figure out how. I know I will need one or more stationary decoders).

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