Trains.com

Subscriber & Member Login

Login, or register today to interact in our online community, comment on articles, receive our newsletter, manage your account online and more!

Ballast question

9217 views
32 replies
1 rating 2 rating 3 rating 4 rating 5 rating
  • Member since
    November 2004
  • 75 posts
Posted by oldyardgoat on Tuesday, September 6, 2005 12:54 PM
Re: Darrell "Stickily"'s comment.
I did that on my first N-scale pike back in the early 1970s. I still have some ballasted track sections salvaged from that effort. I spread the ballast across the yard tracks, as well. When I went to dismantle the thing, it was like concrete! I would have needed a miniature jack hammer to salvage the yard track. I ended up junking the yard as one piece (I later wished I had kept it for inclusion on my next layout, but . . . )
ardenastationmaster
  • Member since
    July 2004
  • 2 posts
Posted by TheEdginator on Sunday, September 4, 2005 11:34 AM
ALWAYS ALWAYS use the alcohol, the first section of my layout, i layed the ballast, then used straight woodland senics stuff, it moved the ballast everywhere that i didnt want it. Then i did a small mod. layout for a school project, used the alcohol and glue, it was soooooo much cheaper than the wood. scenics stuff, ive heard that if you dont add a drop of dish washing liquid to 50/50 white glue water mix, you will have a semi floss appearance, but it also works well to secure ground foam.
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Saturday, September 3, 2005 4:07 PM
Ted,

White glue is 50/50 with water. The wetting agent is a few drops of detergent per pint of water Tap water has always worked well for me.....
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Saturday, September 3, 2005 3:55 PM
Hi Everybody,
I see the steps listed without being clear on some of the percentages. What specifically are the percentages for the wetting agent and the glue? 50/50 for both? Are you using distilled water or tap water? And...are you using white glue, such as Elmers are some similar product?
Thanks a bunch,
Ted = )
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Friday, September 2, 2005 5:18 PM
Matt medium, diluted white glue..I have used both and they both work well. Woodland scenics "scenic cement" is basically diluted matte medium.. You can buy WS or you can buy matte medium at the art store and dilute it down (lots cheaper). I can't recall the formula right now, perhaps some one else will chime in here.
  • Member since
    February 2005
  • From: Vancouver Island, BC
  • 23,325 posts
Posted by selector on Friday, September 2, 2005 3:58 PM
I have not heard about it being used to fasten ballast, although it could be...I suppose. Mostly, folks use it to ripple water surfaces, if I recall correctly. Joe (jfugate) and others have used that to good effect.

Nice to have you here, rzuidema!
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 1 posts
Posted by rzuidema on Friday, September 2, 2005 3:51 PM
Question: Does anyone remember using matte medium, an artist item, as ballast adhesive? I believe it was applied to the ballast by spraying. I am finally, after nearly 40 years of "amassing", 12 in the Army, and 5 kids, able to put up my collection of goodies. Remember matte medium, along with white glue, being used "back then" but haven't seen any current useages. Were there problems?
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Friday, September 2, 2005 1:21 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by jacon12

QUOTE: Originally posted by timl

One final trick I use to get the ballast to look more prototypical is after it dries I spray it with a diluted grimy black mixture. I use Polly Scale and alcohol in my air brush and set the spray to cover the tie widths and give it quick spray. You can use less or more to get the look that you want, but start out with a little and work your way up.

Do you then immediately wipe the stray paint off the rail tops? I was just looking at my ballast and it does look awfully clean.
Jarrell
It goes on pretty thin so I just to use a Bright Boy to remove after it dries.
  • Member since
    February 2005
  • From: Vancouver Island, BC
  • 23,325 posts
Posted by selector on Friday, September 2, 2005 12:26 PM
Jarrrell, the ballast is MEANT to be clean and well maintained. It provides drainage. Do, by all means use the correct colour (whatever that means) for you, or your modeled road, and then rust up the ties and rails close to each other. The centre of the track can be darkened with dilute india ink or a wash of flat acrylic to simulate the crud left by steamers. Otherwise, there is no real reason to darken the outlying ballast...on the shoulders and down to ground level. No doubt some ballast gets dirty, but it is/was replaced and cleaned as needed to keep the rails and ties in good condition.
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Friday, September 2, 2005 10:54 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by timl

One final trick I use to get the ballast to look more prototypical is after it dries I spray it with a diluted grimy black mixture. I use Polly Scale and alcohol in my air brush and set the spray to cover the tie widths and give it quick spray. You can use less or more to get the look that you want, but start out with a little and work your way up.

Do you then immediately wipe the stray paint off the rail tops? I was just looking at my ballast and it does look awfully clean.
Jarrell
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Friday, September 2, 2005 10:53 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by rtesta

All, good advice, what i have found is that i often "paint" straight while glue or yellow wood glue to the roadbed sides. its not hard to keep it away from the tie ends, just hit the slope.
i find this helps keep the ballast from rolling off and i like the slightly steeper slope i get as a result. i find that as i apply ballast on the sides i get enough between the ties (where its still dry!) so i dont even add much more, i just use a brush and work it out to its FINAL position.
This is key, and has been mentioned above, but until you spend a 1/2 hour chipping stray ballast from a 3 foot length of track you dont know the meaning of the word monotonous. These little micro rocks really stick and chipping them off the rails sucks!
Anyway, once i like the looks of things i proceed with wetting and gluing as mentioned by others above soaking between the ties as well as the sides and slopes to really nail it all down for all eternity.

final, note, ever have to give a big dog the oral worm medications?, i save the big syringes (no - no needle attached!), they hold ALOT of diluted glue and still provide as much control as an eyedropper as long as you ease on the plunger. makes this part of the job fly...


.

I need to write all these tips down and put them into a book, sell it.. become a millionaire....
I've got to find a larger syringe, and I have a friend that is a vetrenarian. What a need idea, sure sounds better than my little eye dropper.
Thanks,
Jarrell
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Friday, September 2, 2005 10:49 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by dgwinup

Here is a method I have used for 35+ years and it has worked for me on every surface,

I use DAP Weldwood Plastic Resin glue available at many home centers. It is a powder, originally formulated for glueing wood surfaces. I mix the powder with my ballast and stir it well. Apply the ballast with whatever procedure you prefer, ballast applicator, spoons, paper troughs. Use small paint brushes 1/2" or smaller to groom the ballast into position. You can use artist's brushes if you prefer. Make sure to get the ballast into it's FINAL position between the ties and away from the points of your turnout. Remember, the glue is ALREADY in the ballast, so don't leave ballast anywhere you don't want it to be! Vacuum up any out-of-place ballast.

Use a fine mist spray bottle (hair spray pumps work really well, but takes a LOT of pumping!). Fill the bottle with water/detergent (couple of drops) or water/alcohol mix (up to 50/50 mix). Spray a fine mist over the ballast and continue spraying until the ballast is thoroughly soaked. I like to give all the ballast a light, fine misting to keep the ballast from blowing around, then get closer to give it a good soaking. And you're done!

The amount of glue you use will be determined by your preferences. Experiment with different mix ratios until you find one that works consistently well for you. I use about 15-20% glue by volume (the powder is really fine and dense). I find I also have to re-mix the ballast/glue mixture as I work because the powder is so fine it tends to settle.

The advantages to this method is that you have a LONG working time to groom your ballast and you will be spraying mostly water over the track, eliminating the need for a major track clean-up when you are done.

The disadvantages are the glue is expensive to buy, although I think highly economical to use, the glue is anhydrous (it will absord moisture from the air, possibly hardening when and where you don't want it to - but we're talking DAYS here, not minutes or hours!), and too heavy a mix of glue will result in 'hard-shell' ballast, where the top layer dries hard, but underneath the shell is still loose powder and ballast. Adding more water can't correct the problem as the hard-shell won't allow water to penetrate to the lower areas!

If your unused supply of glue hardens, you can break it up and use it. If you wanted to go through the trouble of collecting ballast removed from the tracks when you are making changes, you can re-use the ballast, usually with a simple application of water.

I have several short pieces of ballasted track in my junk box that were removed from a layout over 25 years ago. The ballast is still glued in place around the ties and is difficult to remove.

If you can get past the initial expense of the glue, I think you will find this is a great system for applying ballast. Experiment on scrap pieces of track using different mixtures of glue/ballast and water/alcohol/detergent until you're happy with the result.

Darrell, stickily quiet...for now


Thats another fine idea. I had said earlier that on this forum you'll get 10 ways to do a job and all 10 will probably work. You just have to use the one that is right for you.
Thanks
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Friday, September 2, 2005 10:44 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by Medina1128

Keep track of your wife's hairspray. The kind that comes in a pump bottle. When she's done with it, snag it. It sprays a finer mist than commercial pump bottles. Just make sure you get it good and clean. One trip through the dishwasher should do it. Make sure you do this when she's NOT at home. Wives take a dim view of anything other than dirty dishes going in there. In a previous life (drag racing), I found that the dishwasher was a good way to clean carburetor parts and valve covers, but a sure way to spend a couple of days arguing. But, that's a different story.

Marlon, you're a trip! carburetors in the dishwasher!
Thanks for the hair spray bottle idea. You know, I've seen the stuff in the store, full of hair spray, that was only a little more than the price of some empty spray bottles. You're right, they do spray a fine mist.
I'll 'commandeer' one.
Jarrell
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Friday, September 2, 2005 10:41 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by selector

If you are uninterrupted, you can ballast 30 feet in about four hours (it speeds up as you get better).

After you're sure the ballast is dry, run a car through the area and clear the flange-way. If the car bucks and rises under your hand, you are feeling what your loco will have to go over, too. Run the car back and forth until it is smooth. Then vacuum.

Great tip!
Thanks,
Jarrell
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Friday, September 2, 2005 10:40 AM
QUOTE: Originally posted by Trainnut1250

Jarrell,

I take a sharp no.11 blade and flick off the unwanted ballast. Then I vacuum the heck out of it. The pieces that look like they didn't get glue maybe glued down but you cant tell until it is all dry...If not they will be vacuumed up. If the coverage is bad you can always re-apply more ballast. It took me a couple of weeks working late at night pretty steady to do my 16X4 layout.

One not so funny side note. The old layoyut was Marklin three rail. The track has studs in the center for power pick up. The ballast glue effectively insulated everyone of those studs. The track looked great but not a thing would run. It was the biggest mistake I made on the railroad. I had to go back and scrape each stud by hand (probably more than a thousand total). Markiln guys (all two of you) pay attention. Don't do this!!!!

Lol... I know it's not funny, it's just that it is exactly something I would likely do. So you Marklin users "both of you", take heed...[:D]
Jarrell
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Friday, September 2, 2005 10:07 AM
One final trick I use to get the ballast to look more prototypical is after it dries I spray it with a diluted grimy black mixture. I use Polly Scale and alcohol in my air brush and set the spray to cover the tie widths and give it quick spray. You can use less or more to get the look that you want, but start out with a little and work your way up.
  • Member since
    November 2004
  • 38 posts
Posted by rtesta on Friday, September 2, 2005 8:31 AM
All, good advice, what i have found is that i often "paint" straight while glue or yellow wood glue to the roadbed sides. its not hard to keep it away from the tie ends, just hit the slope.
i find this helps keep the ballast from rolling off and i like the slightly steeper slope i get as a result. i find that as i apply ballast on the sides i get enough between the ties (where its still dry!) so i dont even add much more, i just use a brush and work it out to its FINAL position.
This is key, and has been mentioned above, but until you spend a 1/2 hour chipping stray ballast from a 3 foot length of track you dont know the meaning of the word monotonous. These little micro rocks really stick and chipping them off the rails sucks!
Anyway, once i like the looks of things i proceed with wetting and gluing as mentioned by others above soaking between the ties as well as the sides and slopes to really nail it all down for all eternity.

final, note, ever have to give a big dog the oral worm medications?, i save the big syringes (no - no needle attached!), they hold ALOT of diluted glue and still provide as much control as an eyedropper as long as you ease on the plunger. makes this part of the job fly...


.
  • Member since
    May 2005
  • 1,168 posts
Posted by dgwinup on Thursday, September 1, 2005 3:55 PM
Here is a method I have used for 35+ years and it has worked for me on every surface,

I use DAP Weldwood Plastic Resin glue available at many home centers. It is a powder, originally formulated for glueing wood surfaces. I mix the powder with my ballast and stir it well. Apply the ballast with whatever procedure you prefer, ballast applicator, spoons, paper troughs. Use small paint brushes 1/2" or smaller to groom the ballast into position. You can use artist's brushes if you prefer. Make sure to get the ballast into it's FINAL position between the ties and away from the points of your turnout. Remember, the glue is ALREADY in the ballast, so don't leave ballast anywhere you don't want it to be! Vacuum up any out-of-place ballast.

Use a fine mist spray bottle (hair spray pumps work really well, but takes a LOT of pumping!). Fill the bottle with water/detergent (couple of drops) or water/alcohol mix (up to 50/50 mix). Spray a fine mist over the ballast and continue spraying until the ballast is thoroughly soaked. I like to give all the ballast a light, fine misting to keep the ballast from blowing around, then get closer to give it a good soaking. And you're done!

The amount of glue you use will be determined by your preferences. Experiment with different mix ratios until you find one that works consistently well for you. I use about 15-20% glue by volume (the powder is really fine and dense). I find I also have to re-mix the ballast/glue mixture as I work because the powder is so fine it tends to settle.

The advantages to this method is that you have a LONG working time to groom your ballast and you will be spraying mostly water over the track, eliminating the need for a major track clean-up when you are done.

The disadvantages are the glue is expensive to buy, although I think highly economical to use, the glue is anhydrous (it will absord moisture from the air, possibly hardening when and where you don't want it to - but we're talking DAYS here, not minutes or hours!), and too heavy a mix of glue will result in 'hard-shell' ballast, where the top layer dries hard, but underneath the shell is still loose powder and ballast. Adding more water can't correct the problem as the hard-shell won't allow water to penetrate to the lower areas!

If your unused supply of glue hardens, you can break it up and use it. If you wanted to go through the trouble of collecting ballast removed from the tracks when you are making changes, you can re-use the ballast, usually with a simple application of water.

I have several short pieces of ballasted track in my junk box that were removed from a layout over 25 years ago. The ballast is still glued in place around the ties and is difficult to remove.

If you can get past the initial expense of the glue, I think you will find this is a great system for applying ballast. Experiment on scrap pieces of track using different mixtures of glue/ballast and water/alcohol/detergent until you're happy with the result.

Darrell, stickily quiet...for now
Darrell, quiet...for now
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • From: Clinton, MO, US
  • 4,261 posts
Posted by Medina1128 on Thursday, September 1, 2005 2:47 AM
Keep track of your wife's hairspray. The kind that comes in a pump bottle. When she's done with it, snag it. It sprays a finer mist than commercial pump bottles. Just make sure you get it good and clean. One trip through the dishwasher should do it. Make sure you do this when she's NOT at home. Wives take a dim view of anything other than dirty dishes going in there. In a previous life (drag racing), I found that the dishwasher was a good way to clean carburetor parts and valve covers, but a sure way to spend a couple of days arguing. But, that's a different story.
  • Member since
    February 2005
  • From: Vancouver Island, BC
  • 23,325 posts
Posted by selector on Thursday, September 1, 2005 12:40 AM
If you are uninterrupted, you can ballast 30 feet in about four hours (it speeds up as you get better).

After you're sure the ballast is dry, run a car through the area and clear the flange-way. If the car bucks and rises under your hand, you are feeling what your loco will have to go over, too. Run the car back and forth until it is smooth. Then vacuum.
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Thursday, September 1, 2005 12:35 AM
Jarrell,

I take a sharp no.11 blade and flick off the unwanted ballast. Then I vacuum the heck out of it. The pieces that look like they didn't get glue maybe glued down but you cant tell until it is all dry...If not they will be vacuumed up. If the coverage is bad you can always re-apply more ballast. It took me a couple of weeks working late at night pretty steady to do my 16X4 layout.

One not so funny side note. The old layoyut was Marklin three rail. The track has studs in the center for power pick up. The ballast glue effectively insulated everyone of those studs. The track looked great but not a thing would run. It was the biggest mistake I made on the railroad. I had to go back and scrape each stud by hand (probably more than a thousand total). Markiln guys (all two of you) pay attention. Don't do this!!!!
  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 9:28 PM
Well, I got the little two foot test section done and I can tell you now....... ballasting is NOT going to be my most favorite part of model railroading... It went ok, I guess.. for a rank amature I mean. When it dries some I'll take a photo of it and post it.
I have another question though. What is the best method to pick up those stray pieces of ballast that somehow landed where they weren't supposed to after it dries?
I think it looks pretty good for someone that doesn't know what he's doing. It's supposed to be a not used very much spur and thats what it reminds me of... a little..[^]
JaRRell
P.S. How long did it take you just to ballast your empire?
Also, not every single piece got glued down. Is that ok?
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.
  • Member since
    July 2005
  • From: CSXT/B&O Flora IL
  • 1,937 posts
Posted by waltersrails on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 8:58 PM
When i do my ballest I've tried lots methods and today of all days i found a way that works for me it may not work for you but I lay the ballest 50/50 water glue mix with a paint brush and barely tap it on the ballest untill all is soaked. it seems to work best for me. Like I said before it may not work for you.
I like NS but CSX has the B&O.
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 5:50 PM
Bruce,

The idea of the wetting agent is to break the surface tension of the glue so that it won't bead up on the ballast when applied. So when things look wetted down, I apply glue. If it beads, back to the wetting agent.
  • Member since
    September 2003
  • From: Omaha, NE
  • 10,617 posts
Posted by dehusman on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 5:06 PM
If you are handlaying you can ballast at the same time you glue down the ties. Spread the glue, put down the ties and sprinkle ballast over it. Guarantees you won't have ballast in the flangeways.

Dave H.

Dave H. Painted side goes up. My website : wnbranch.com

  • Member since
    February 2005
  • From: Vancouver Island, BC
  • 23,325 posts
Posted by selector on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 4:47 PM
Jarrell, when laying your ballast, try a paint brush like the kind you would use for water colours at school. Sprinkle on the ballast with a spoon or something, and let if fall as it wants. The 'shoulders' of the ballast, at the ends of the ties, should be somewhat naturally formed for the height of your road. If you want, use the bru***o gently sweep some of the stuff at the foot of the ballast back into line or closer to the track. But, the biggest job, by far, is getting what falls betwen the rails out of the way of the wheel flanges, hose connectors, and turnout points (I stayed away from the area point-side of the frogs...period). So, you will spend lots of time with the bristles sweeping longitudinally (along the axis) of your tracks to clear the ties, inside and out of your rails.

When you are happy with a section, do the wetting technicque that seems intuitively correct to you. I used detergent and spraying, and hated to wipe the rails afterwards because of the high risk of the cloth or finger gouging the wet ballast...it happened. I would definitely try the dropper next time. As for detergent over alcohol, ...whatever. Try both...they're cheap.
  • Member since
    April 2003
  • 305,205 posts
Posted by Anonymous on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 4:17 PM
I'm a little different in applying the wetting agent, i DON'T. Instead, I dilute the glue greatly with water al alcohol, with a couple of drops of glue. That way, whatever's wet, is glued. If it's dry, it's not glued. Use an eye dropper.

25% glue
50% water
25% alcohol
a few drops detergent

Mix well, apply liberally, don't drink.

Mark in Utah
  • Member since
    January 2005
  • From: Winnipeg Canada
  • 1,637 posts
Posted by Blind Bruce on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 3:58 PM
QUOTE: Originally posted by Trainnut1250

Jarrell,


3. I use wet water (detergent in water) or alcohol as a wetting agent. Spray the agent up in the air and let it FALL on the ballast and roadbed like light fog or very gentle rain.. You don't want to disturb the beautiful job you did laying it out. If you spray direcly at it, the ballast will go flying everywhere. When things are wet, I go back in with the glue and soak the heck out of things (with the exception of turnouts). It will take days for the glue to dry. This is normal.


What do you mean when you say "when things get wet" You lost me there.
BB

73

Bruce in the Peg

  • Member since
    November 2002
  • From: US
  • 4,641 posts
Posted by jacon12 on Wednesday, August 31, 2005 3:06 PM
Guys, what I'm working on right now is a little practice, 2 foot 'scene'. By practice I mean I took a 2 foot piece of 2 inch foam and glued down a piece of cork roadbed, then I dug ditches, painted it a light tan color and then added some grasses and bushes, painted the rails a rust color.. etc. First time doing it so it's all a learning process for me. Now I'm ready to practice with the ballast. So, since its not a big area I think I'll do the eyedropper method of placing the 'wetting agent'.
1- get the ballast in place, brush it off ties and rails, get the shape of it right
2- apply the wetting agent, either 'wet' water or alcohol
3- apply the thinned glue with an eyedropper
JaRRell
 HO Scale DCC Modeler of 1950, give or take 30 years.

Subscriber & Member Login

Login, or register today to interact in our online community, comment on articles, receive our newsletter, manage your account online and more!

Users Online

There are no community member online

Search the Community

ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
Model Railroader Newsletter See all
Sign up for our FREE e-newsletter and get model railroad news in your inbox!