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Wheel Arrangement Terms for steam engines

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Posted by JT22CW on Sunday, July 25, 2010 7:03 PM

wjstix
It's important to emphasize that the Whyte system is generally accepted by everyone (except the French and a few places where I believe they count axles...2-3-1 instead of 4-6-2) whereas the nicknames applied to certain wheel arrangements were just that - unofficial nicknames

There's also the UIC classification (aka German classification), which assigns letters to the driving axles, similar to how it's done with electric and diesel locomotives, so a 4-6-2 would be a 2-C-1 and a 4-8-4 would be a 2-D-2 (increasing alphabetical order with increasing number of driving axles).  The AAR classification system for diesels and electrics is a simplified form of the UIC.

BTW, informal nicknames often became quite cosmopolitan.  They know what Atlantics and Pacifics are in Britain.

GainesvilleMidland209
Since you're in Georgia I should let you know that 'round these parts we refer to the 4-8-4's as either "Big Apples" or more commonly "Dixies."

I've also heard them called "Westerns," "Greenbriers," and "Wyomings," in other parts.

The name "Greenbrier" was specific to the C&O, IINM.
tomikawaTT
Say 'J' to a dozen assorted railfans.  Not more than two will mention the NYC, where J was the basic class designator for the Hudson
Where I come from, a "J" is an 0-6-0 tender locomotive with "high" driving wheels, used in dual service (both freight and passenger). Smile
challenger3980
4-8-0   not a common type, but I know that at least the N&W had them, IIRC refered to as 12 wheelers
I've heard of them being referred to as "Mastodons", a name that was often shared with the less common 4-10-0.

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Posted by Deggesty on Monday, July 12, 2010 3:40 PM

Wdlgln005
"Dixie" was the name given by the NC&StL to their 4-8-4's. They were also called "Yellow Jackets" or "Stripes," depending upon the width of the metal on the runing board.

If you have access to the book, The Trains We Rode, by Beebe and Clegg, you will find a picture of a "Stripe" on p. 203 and a picture of a "Yellow Jacket" on p. 202. The additional metal on the engine for the Yellowjacket added nothing to its performance, so the Federal board concerned with such decreed that none built after 12/7/41 would have metal wasted in such a manner.

Johnny

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Posted by daveklepper on Sunday, July 11, 2010 3:18 AM

Was that name Atlantic already in use for 4-4-2's?   Was the first order if 4-4-2's for the Atlatnic Coast Line?

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Posted by Big Wheel Driver on Saturday, July 10, 2010 9:23 PM

 

The name Pacific for the 4-6-2 wheel arrangemant may have come about as this was the name given by Baldwin to some 4-6-2s they built for the New Zealand Railways, because they crossed the Pacific to their delivery destination. The New Zealand engines went into service five months before the Missouri Pacific engines.

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Malcolm. 

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Posted by Wdlgln005 on Saturday, July 10, 2010 1:36 PM

http://ncstl.com/576/576.htm

 

The last remaining Yellow jacket or Stripe. You can see the difference in the yellow band along the side of the engine.

You can visit this engine in the park today. Sadly, time & neglect would prevent getting the engine back into operation. It's mostly a home for invading birds & other creatures.

Deggesty

"Dixie" was the name given by the NC&StL to their 4-8-4's. They were also called "Yellow Jackets" or "Stripes," depending upon the width of the metal on the runing board.

Soon after 12/7/41, the Central of Georgia began calling its Mikados "MacArthurs." This change did not last.

 
Glenn Woodle
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Posted by tomikawaTT on Saturday, June 19, 2010 10:22 PM

Deggesty

Soon after 12/7/41, the Central of Georgia began calling its Mikados "MacArthurs." This change did not last.

The UP also attempted to rename the 2-8-2 as "MacArthur," even though the general had never had any known connection with railroading.  Since most people had long since shortened "Mikado" to "Mike," the effort was regarded as useless propagandizing (For which we were castigating Herr Goebbels at the time.)

Chuck

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Posted by Deggesty on Saturday, June 19, 2010 6:33 PM

"Dixie" was the name given by the NC&StL to their 4-8-4's. They were also called "Yellow Jackets" or "Stripes," depending upon the width of the metal on the runing board.

Soon after 12/7/41, the Central of Georgia began calling its Mikados "MacArthurs." This change did not last.

Johnny

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Posted by erikem on Friday, May 21, 2010 12:27 AM

wjstix

The railroad who introduced a new wheel arrangement had first shot at giving it a nickname, which often became widely accepted - like Northern Pacific naming the 2-8-8-4 "Yellowstones" and 4-8-4 "Northerns" after an area they served (Yellowstone Natl Park) and themselves (Northern Pacific).

 

The Yellowstones were named since they were intended for use on the NP in Montana and North Dakota. The line is located along the Yellowstone river between Glendive and Livingston Montana.

- Erik

P.S. The Milwaukee also followed the Yellowstone river between Terry and Forsythe.

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Posted by wjstix on Thursday, May 20, 2010 6:48 PM

 It's important to emphasize that the Whyte system is generally accepted by everyone (except the French and a few places where I believe they count axles...2-3-1 instead of 4-6-2) whereas the nicknames applied to certain wheel arrangements were just that - unofficial nicknames. 

The railroad who introduced a new wheel arrangement had first shot at giving it a nickname, which often became widely accepted - like Northern Pacific naming the 2-8-8-4 "Yellowstones" and 4-8-4 "Northerns" after an area they served (Yellowstone Natl Park) and themselves (Northern Pacific). Sometimes the name just sort of developed...supposedly the first 4-6-2 passenger engines went to Missouri Pacific, and were called "Pacifics" because of that. "Big Boy" was a generic term for a large engine (in the 1930 film "Danger Lights" an railroader refers to a Milwaukee 2-8-2 as a "big boy") until some worker wrote the name on the front of one of UP's new 4-8-8-4's they were building.

But if a railroad chose to use nicknames in their advertising or internal use (although working railroaders generally used the class which was indicated by a letter - and was different from railroad to railroad - or more commonly, by the number series, like a "forty four hundred" for their say 4-8-2's that were numbered starting with 4400), they could do what they wanted. If New York Central wants to name their engines after rivers in their area (Niagara, Mohawk, Hudson) nobody could stop them.

Stix
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Posted by tomikawaTT on Thursday, May 20, 2010 1:59 AM

challenger3980

Boxcar_Melvin

Interesting. I was wondering about that. So is "Mikado" a reference to certain 8 drive wheel arrangements or all 8 wheel driver arrangements?

  Mikado, is a common term for the 2-8-2 wheel  arrangement, it was derived from the first orders of this type being for the Japan National Railway, IIRC.

Doug 

Do beg pardon, but the first 2-8-2 locomotives were ordered by (and delivered to) the Imperial Government Railways.  JNR was a post-WWII renaming.

'Mikado' was applied by some unknown Baldwin employee, probably influenced by the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta of the same name.  It was certainly never used in Japan, where locomotives were (and are) identified by class.  I can't recall what numeric class the original 2-8-2s were given.  Classes that existed after WWII were identified as D50, D51 and D52 - the D50 class having been redesignated from numeric class 9900 when the numeric class system was abandoned.

Chuck

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Posted by MJChittick on Sunday, May 16, 2010 2:40 PM

Boxcar_Melvin

So is "Mikado" a reference to certain 8 drive wheel arrangements or all 8 wheel driver arrangements?

The term "Mikado" is in reference to the 2-8-2 wheel arrangement only.

Mike

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Posted by challenger3980 on Sunday, May 16, 2010 2:33 PM

Boxcar_Melvin

Interesting. I was wondering about that. So is "Mikado" a reference to certain 8 drive wheel arrangements or all 8 wheel driver arrangements?

  Mikado, is a common term for the 2-8-2 wheel  arrangement, it was derived from the first orders of this type being for the Japan National Railway, IIRC.

Other x-8-x types include:

0-8-0    8 wheeled switcher

2-8-0    Consolidation

2-8-2    Mikado

2-8-4    Berkshire

4-8-0   not a common type, but I know that at least the N&W had them, IIRC refered to as 12 wheelers

4-8-2    Usually termed "Mountain" but called "Mohawk" on the NYC, probably other names as well

4-8-4   Generally "Northern" but as noted in above posts, also known by many other terms.

 

Doug 

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Posted by Boxcar_Melvin on Sunday, May 16, 2010 1:52 PM

Interesting. I was wondering about that. So is "Mikado" a reference to certain 8 drive wheel arrangements or all 8 wheel driver arrangements?

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Posted by daveklepper on Sunday, May 16, 2010 10:00 AM

Sorry about the 611-610 confusion, and yes I am certainly a Pennsy fan as well as one of the N&W.   In "The Old Country" (Great Britain, our former occupying power), a Pacific was created from scratch to relive the past.   If this is ever done in the USA, I predict it will be a New York Central J3A Hudson.

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Posted by GainesvilleMidland209 on Saturday, May 15, 2010 8:18 PM

Since you're in Georgia I should let you know that 'round these parts we refer to the 4-8-4's as either "Big Apples" or more commonly "Dixies."

I've also heard them called "Westerns," "Greenbriers," and "Wyomings," in other parts.

 

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Posted by Boxcar_Melvin on Monday, May 10, 2010 5:40 PM

That's really sad that NYC did that. Luckily for me, I live near Kennesaw, GA. - home of the civil war engine; The General and a little further south, Grant's Park/Atlanta Zoo where its opponent The Texan resides. There's nothing like seeing a real civil war era locomotive, even if it isn't in use anymore. However, I did get to see the Chattanooga Choo Choo in operation.

 I actually still have my HO scale General engine I got for Christmas at the age of six (29 years ago) and it still runs. Never could find an HO scale Texan.

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Posted by CSSHEGEWISCH on Monday, May 10, 2010 2:00 PM

Other Class J's:  2-8-2/2-8-4 on C&NW, 2-10-4 on PRR.

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Posted by feltonhill on Monday, May 10, 2010 9:14 AM

The only surviving N&W Class J is 611, not 610.  No. 610 was the J that was tested on PRR in 1944-45.

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Posted by daveklepper on Monday, May 10, 2010 8:53 AM

The reason for that is simply that 610, an N&W J 4-8-4, still exists at the museum in Roanoke, because the N&W had a heart and a respect for history.   The NYC destroyed all its Hudsons to get the cash for the scrap metal, so today's younger fans can see and touch a N&W J but see a Central J only in pictures.   Remember that 610 pulled railfan specials long after steam was gone from both NYC and N&W regular operations.

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Posted by tomikawaTT on Monday, May 10, 2010 5:09 AM

While there are many 'common' names for the various wheel arrangements, ranging from the supremely mundane (8-wheeler, more commonly 'American,' 4-4-0; 10-wheeler, which was widely accepted for the 4-6-0; 12-wheeler for the 4-8-0...) to the fanciful (Jubilee...) the nomenclature applied to specific examples of the breed by their home roads were frequently at variance with the common.  Many railroads simply used a class designation, either letter or number.  If you didn't happen to know that a 2900 was Santa-Fe-speak for a very heavy 4-8-4 the referent would be meaningless.  Also, since different railroads used the same letter for different wheel arrangements...

Say 'J' to a dozen assorted railfans.  Not more than two will mention the NYC, where J was the basic class designator for the Hudson.  Most will immediately fixate on what was arguably the best 4-8-4.  N&W had just over a dozen Js.  NYC had Hudsons by the hundreds...

Chuck

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Posted by daveklepper on Monday, May 10, 2010 3:37 AM

Greenbrier was the term on the C&O and Pocono on Delaware Lackawanna and Western

Texas types were called Selkirks on the Candian Pacific

But Hudsons were called Hudsons on the Candian Pacific, but Baltics on the Milwaukee.

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Posted by Boxcar_Melvin on Sunday, May 9, 2010 8:20 PM

That was very helpful. I guess I just didn't know where to look. Fascinating about the Northern and Niagara thing.

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Posted by pajrr on Sunday, May 9, 2010 7:52 PM

Hi, You need to look up the Whyte Classification System. You can find it through Google or any search engine. Another good resource is  www.steamlocomotive.com  which lists the COMMON names for different wheel arrangements. Some railroads had different names for certain types of locomotives, usually based on geographic locale or "political" reasons.(i.e. a 4-8-4 on the New York Central System was a "Niagara" (common name for a 4-8-4 was "Northern")  As for "political",one would be hard pressed to find a  railroad south of the Mason-Dixon line that would call any locomotive a "Northern")

 

 

 

 

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Wheel Arrangement Terms for steam engines
Posted by Boxcar_Melvin on Sunday, May 9, 2010 6:37 PM

I was wondering if someone could help me learn the terms for the different wheel arrangements of engines. I understand that the Mikado is an engine with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement, but what do you call the others, such as an engine with six driver wheels, or just four?

 I am really just getting into trains again, for real this time and these are things I never learned when I was a kid. Smile

Train, train, take me right out of this town.

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