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Transcontinental passenger service - Chicago or St. Louis? A historical question

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Posted by Convicted One on Sunday, September 8, 2019 4:55 PM

charlie hebdo
So,  since it's published,  what year?  Source citation? 

Source listed  at my earler post Devil

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Posted by Convicted One on Sunday, September 8, 2019 4:53 PM

Regarding transcontinental sleepers on the B&O:  The Capitol Limited exchanged with the Santa Fe Chief  Washington-Los Angeles commencing in July 1946, which involved a "cumbersome" move between Chicago's Grand Central and Dearborn stations.   A sleeper began operating thru to San Diego on March 15, 1951 with the service transferred to the Shenandoah  on Jan 10, 1954, because it had better connections with the Superchief, which was by that time conveying the transcontinental sleepers interchanged. 

Santa Fe curtailed the operation to Los Angeles on April 24, 1954, and the exchange of all transcontinental sleepers between the two ended on  Jan 11, 1958 because of low patronage and high terminal expenses in Chicago.

ibid 

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Posted by charlie hebdo on Sunday, September 8, 2019 4:37 PM

Convicted One

 

 
charlie hebdo

Even by the 50s, a transcontinental trip would have been made by air, not spending ~60 hours cooped up on a train, by all but the few souls Overmod mentions above. 

 

 

 

200 (total) passengers per day, each way,  according to my published source.

 

So,  since it's published,  what year?  Source citation? 

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Posted by Convicted One on Sunday, September 8, 2019 4:28 PM

charlie hebdo

Even by the 50s, a transcontinental trip would have been made by air, not spending ~60 hours cooped up on a train, by all but the few souls Overmod mentions above. 

 

200 (total) passengers per day, each way,  according to my published source.

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Posted by Convicted One on Sunday, September 8, 2019 4:21 PM

JPS1

All interesting information. 

As to my question, would the through sleeping car passengers arriving at Union Station, Chicago, be allowed to stay on the car during the layover and/or while it was being transferred?

 

 

There were complaints about long layovers and transfers between Chicago terminals. One account that I read placed an elderly woman marooned alone in her room for several hours without either food nor heat.

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Posted by JPS1 on Sunday, September 8, 2019 3:52 PM

All interesting information. 

As to my question, would the through sleeping car passengers arriving at Union Station, Chicago, be allowed to stay on the car during the layover and/or while it was being transferred?

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Posted by charlie hebdo on Sunday, September 8, 2019 3:45 PM

Even by the 50s, a transcontinental trip would have been made by air, not spending ~60 hours cooped up on a train, by all but the few souls Overmod mentions above. 

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Posted by Convicted One on Sunday, September 8, 2019 3:32 PM

BLS53
I never understood why trains such as the 20th Century and Super Chief, didn't have a section of thru cars, one could board and travel NY-LA without changing trains in Chicago. Setting out and picking up the cars at junctions in Indiana and Illinois, and bypassing Chicago altogether. I realize in the time period we're discussing, LA wasn't much of a factor, but from the 1930's forward there was a significant number of high profile passengers traveling the route, that might have made such an operation worthwhile.

New York Central began participation in transcontinental sleeper service on  March 31, 1946. The Central participated in NY-LA thru service via 3 routes west of Chicago...Santa Fe (via Albuquerque).....the Golden State Route (Rock Island-Sou Pac via Phoenix)....and the Overland Route (CNW-UP via Omaha and Salt Lake City).  Cars also operated New York-Oakland (via the Overland route and via  the California Zephyr Burlington/D&RG/Western Pacific, via Denver).

The last transcontinental thru service sleepers,  interchanged between  the Super Chief and the Century,  as well as between  UPs City of Los Angeles and the Commodore Vanderbilt, ran in April 1958.

Competitor PRR also began transcontinental sleeper service in March 1946 with NY-LA service via the Overland Route (CNW/UP) as well as via Santa Fe. Thru sleepers between NY/Washington DC and Oakland routed via  the Overland route as above and then  SP handling the final leg to Oakland.

Also a NY-LA sleeper via the Golden State route began June 2 1946, operating every other day.

New York-Los Angeles and New York- Oakland sleepers averaged an occupancy rate of 70%....but the Washington sleepers averaged only 3.7 passengers per trip and were gone in under 3 years.

The  sleepers exchanged with the Golden State route ended July 10, 1951, and by October 27, 1957 the PRR was completely out of the transcontinental sleeper pool. 

Source

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Posted by Overmod on Sunday, September 8, 2019 3:11 PM

Deggesty
As I recall, both the Guide and the public timetables of all of the roads indicated what calendar days the cars originated on each road

Of course they did.  My point was that any normal person having a ticket to go to, say, LA had no way to predict how they were going without referring to some agent or to the OG ... and I bet it was neither easy nor straightforward to extract that information purely from the 'sailing date'.

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Posted by Deggesty on Sunday, September 8, 2019 3:06 PM

Overmod

You see plenty of these through cars in contemporary photographs, including some cars lettered 'Pennsylvania' in DECIDEDLY non-Tuscan colors.  Part of the 'fun' was schedules that rotated among the possible routes, sometimes if I recall correctly on a sort of three-day basis that didn't allow normal customers to predict which route they'd go by on a particular day -- this was said NOT to help its popularity.

Point is that there was seldom if ever enough 'clientele' to run even one full transcontinental train even if most of the space in the nominally run-through cars was dedicated to passengers running through; there just was never enough demand in the '50s regardless of the amenities featured.  I seem to recall a couple of Eastern-road cars built for the California Zephyr, but they don't seem to have made much of an impact either in profits or in the history of that train.

In other words, the 'occasional' run-through Pullman sufficed for all the effective transcontinental demand, at far less cost than a dedicated or through-scheduled full consist, and even that ceased to be of enough value to continue running it for very many years.

We might also remember a moment of silence for the 1958 Broadway as mentioned in one of the Lucius Beebe articles:  In that year the Century gave up its all-Pullman status, and Beebe famously jumped ship as the Broadway ramped up its customer service and 'experience' to what PRR considered Century levels.  Worked with the numbers, too ... for a couple of years.  Then the bottom continued falling out -- jets, you know, and cars on Interstates and the like.  Hard to say if the couple of years of 'doing it right' sustained much else on PRR, either.

 

As I recall, both the Guide and the public timetables of all of the roads indicated what calendar days the cars originated on each road (just as the days of origin of the three Chicago Miami streamliners were listed), so you would know which New York station to use for the beginning/end of your trip

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Posted by Deggesty on Sunday, September 8, 2019 2:55 PM

Yes, from the late forties into the fifties, there were several through New York and Washington Pullmans to/from the west coast. They did not always travel on the best-known trains east of Chicago, but the B&O, PRR, and NYC all participated in the coast ot coast service. There was even a New York-New Orleans-Los Angeles sleeper from the late sixties into the Amtrak era--which, for a time, originated in Boston. In the fall of 1971, I rode in this car from Houston to Tuscaloosa, Alabama The train ran late into New Orleans; I went to sleep somewhere well west of New Orleans, and woke in time to eat breakfast in the station (while I was eating breakfast, an IC conductor, whom I had last seen more that six years before, came up, and we had a good converstaion).. 

There was an interesting New York-Nw Orleans-Los Angeles service several years earlier--westbound, you arrived in New Orleans at the L&N station, detrained, and saw what you were able to see in the Crescent City, went to the old Union Station, and boarded another car--and found your baggage and such had been transferred to the corresponding space in the train that would take you out of New Orleans. Eastbound, you, of course, arrived at the Union Station, saw what you could, and boarded the northbound train at the L&N station. The cars did not run through, but you did not have to worry about transferring your belongings while you were in the city.

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Posted by Overmod on Sunday, September 8, 2019 2:45 PM

You see plenty of these through cars in contemporary photographs, including some cars lettered 'Pennsylvania' in DECIDEDLY non-Tuscan colors.  Part of the 'fun' was schedules that rotated among the possible routes, sometimes if I recall correctly on a sort of three-day basis that didn't allow normal customers to predict which route they'd go by on a particular day -- this was said NOT to help its popularity.

Point is that there was seldom if ever enough 'clientele' to run even one full transcontinental train even if most of the space in the nominally run-through cars was dedicated to passengers running through; there just was never enough demand in the '50s regardless of the amenities featured.  I seem to recall a couple of Eastern-road cars built for the California Zephyr, but they don't seem to have made much of an impact either in profits or in the history of that train.

In other words, the 'occasional' run-through Pullman sufficed for all the effective transcontinental demand, at far less cost than a dedicated or through-scheduled full consist, and even that ceased to be of enough value to continue running it for very many years.

We might also remember a moment of silence for the 1958 Broadway as mentioned in one of the Lucius Beebe articles:  In that year the Century gave up its all-Pullman status, and Beebe famously jumped ship as the Broadway ramped up its customer service and 'experience' to what PRR considered Century levels.  Worked with the numbers, too ... for a couple of years.  Then the bottom continued falling out -- jets, you know, and cars on Interstates and the like.  Hard to say if the couple of years of 'doing it right' sustained much else on PRR, either.

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Posted by JPS1 on Sunday, September 8, 2019 1:35 PM

BLS53
I never understood why trains such as the 20th Century and Super Chief, didn't have a section of thru cars, one could board and travel NY-LA without changing trains in Chicago. 

As late as 1957, if not later, according to the September 8, 1957 PRR System Timetable, The Broadway Limited had through sleeping car service from New York City to Los Angeles and San Francisco. 

The sleepers were transferred to or from the Super Chief, City of San Francisco, City of Los Angeles or California Zephyr.  Eastbound the car coming off the California Zephyr was transferred to The General.

For the period covered by the September 1957 timetable, the through cars were transferred daily to or from the Super Chief.  The transfers to or from the other trains were on alternate dates. 

The Broadway was scheduled to arrive at Union Station, Chicago at 9:00 am. CDT or 8:00 am. CST.  The Super Chief was scheduled to depart from Dearborn Station at 7 pm.  I don't know whether through passengers could stay on the cars in Chicago while they were being transferred or whether they had to get off of them. 

Transfer coach service was offered to PRR passengers who desired to transfer from Union Station to another Chicago station.  The transfer was free of charge for passengers traveling more than 85 miles beyond Chicago.  For those traveling less than 85 miles, the charge was $1.20 or less depending on destination. 

The PRR also had through sleeping cars from New York to San Antonio via the Penn Texas and Texas Special or Texas Eagle. 

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Posted by BLS53 on Sunday, September 8, 2019 11:05 AM

Gramp

 

 
mudchicken

 

 

(1) Charlie: Cincinnati is considered to be in the "midwest" (now part of flyover country), largely the false conception of generations of east coast thinking where many or most never travelled over 20 miles in a lifetime.

 

(2) the population centers of the east could not go straight west, mountain valleys or not. There was this large natural barrier called the Great Lakes and Canada if you went north. All that commerce and travelling populace got funneled to Chicago. Out in the midwest, PRR and NYC were just another of about half a dozen capable railroad lines. Their strength was to the east.

(3) Back to the original post, look what USRA was trying to do during the first world war in moving people and material (look at the logic),

(4) also look what was going on just prior to the St Louis World's Fair. NYC finally realized their cobbled together route just plain sucked (Chicago to StL or Indianapolis to StL), compared to just about everybody else in Illinois. (Pana to E StL happened as a result...UPRR has most of it now ) ... The Big4 and Vandalia stories have been poorly covered up til now - hope that changes. The west end of the eastern railways has always been the red-headed stepchild of the histories of NYC,PRR and Erie. (No more books on the stuff east of the Alleghenies for a while please...until the documentation catches up.)

 

 

 

MC,

The NYC had a line that was an almost straight shot from its mainline at Porter, In to Joliet with connection to the Santa Fe and Rock Island (as well as Alton) mainlines.  It’s now mostly abandoned. Was there something about the line that precluded it’s use for run-through trains?  It seems it would have been a natural. 

 

I never understood why trains such as the 20th Century and Super Chief, didn't have a section of thru cars, one could board and travel NY-LA without changing trains in Chicago. Setting out and picking up the cars at junctions in Indiana and Illinois, and bypassing Chicago altogether.

I realize in the time period we're discussing, LA wasn't much of a factor, but from the 1930's forward there was a significant number of high profile passengers traveling the route, that might have made such an operation worthwhile.

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Posted by MidlandMike on Saturday, September 7, 2019 9:18 PM

The first rail line across Missouri was the Hannibal & St. Joseph.  Construction of the lines out of St. Louis was held up by the Civil War.

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Posted by Deggesty on Saturday, September 7, 2019 9:09 PM

JPS1

 

 
Erik_Mag

In the mid 40's, my mom was attending medical school in eastern Pennsylvania and one of her profs thought that the Pony Express was still providing mail service in Ohio... 

 

Your mother was true pioneer.  Not many women went to med school in the 40s or even the 50s or 60s or 70s. 

 

I do not know what year a cousin of my mother went to medical school (I think she was younger than my mother, who was born in 1895), but at least one daughter of my mother's doctor uncle was a doctor.

 

Back to transcontinental routes.

 

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Posted by Gramp on Saturday, September 7, 2019 8:08 PM

mudchicken

 

 

(1) Charlie: Cincinnati is considered to be in the "midwest" (now part of flyover country), largely the false conception of generations of east coast thinking where many or most never travelled over 20 miles in a lifetime.

 

(2) the population centers of the east could not go straight west, mountain valleys or not. There was this large natural barrier called the Great Lakes and Canada if you went north. All that commerce and travelling populace got funneled to Chicago. Out in the midwest, PRR and NYC were just another of about half a dozen capable railroad lines. Their strength was to the east.

(3) Back to the original post, look what USRA was trying to do during the first world war in moving people and material (look at the logic),

(4) also look what was going on just prior to the St Louis World's Fair. NYC finally realized their cobbled together route just plain sucked (Chicago to StL or Indianapolis to StL), compared to just about everybody else in Illinois. (Pana to E StL happened as a result...UPRR has most of it now ) ... The Big4 and Vandalia stories have been poorly covered up til now - hope that changes. The west end of the eastern railways has always been the red-headed stepchild of the histories of NYC,PRR and Erie. (No more books on the stuff east of the Alleghenies for a while please...until the documentation catches up.)

 

MC,

The NYC had a line that was an almost straight shot from its mainline at Porter, In to Joliet with connection to the Santa Fe and Rock Island (as well as Alton) mainlines.  It’s now mostly abandoned. Was there something about the line that precluded it’s use for run-through trains?  It seems it would have been a natural. 

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Posted by Convicted One on Saturday, September 7, 2019 7:58 PM

charlie hebdo
The same is true in all the states of the old Northwest Territory,  for obvious historical reasons.  It's true in many/most other state

Still, the  ~unsubstantiated~ claim that I made was merely an illustration of Firerlock's observation  "perceptions being everything"...it's not like it was thrown into an otherwise contentious debate.  I'm still curious why doubting that was at all a priority?

You need look no further than a literal translation of the name of the state capital.Clown

 

(FWIW I think those sophisticated east coasters were equally surprised to see we had indoor plumbing)

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Posted by mudchicken on Saturday, September 7, 2019 7:15 PM

BaltACD

 

 
charlie hebdo
I doubt if many people on the East Coast seriously thought Indiana was largely populated by Native Americans in 1960. Let's see some evidence for that assertion. 

 

Moving to Indiana in the late 50's - I was impressed by all the communities that were sporting names that had been created by Native Americans.

 

(1) Charlie: Cincinnati is considered to be in the "midwest" (now part of flyover country), largely the false conception of generations of east coast thinking where many or most never travelled over 20 miles in a lifetime.

(2) the population centers of the east could not go straight west, mountain valleys or not. There was this large natural barrier called the Great Lakes and Canada if you went north. All that commerce and travelling populace got funneled to Chicago. Out in the midwest, PRR and NYC were just another of about half a dozen capable railroad lines. Their strength was to the east.

(3) Back to the original post, look what USRA was trying to do during the first world war in moving people and material (look at the logic),

(4) also look what was going on just prior to the St Louis World's Fair. NYC finally realized their cobbled together route just plain sucked (Chicago to StL or Indianapolis to StL), compared to just about everybody else in Illinois. (Pana to E StL happened as a result...UPRR has most of it now ) ... The Big4 and Vandalia stories have been poorly covered up til now - hope that changes. The west end of the eastern railways has always been the red-headed stepchild of the histories of NYC,PRR and Erie. (No more books on the stuff east of the Alleghenies for a while please...until the documentation catches up.)

Mudchicken Nothing is worth taking the risk of losing a life over. Come home tonight in the same condition that you left home this morning in. Safety begins with ME.... cinscocom-west
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Posted by JPS1 on Saturday, September 7, 2019 6:50 PM

Erik_Mag

In the mid 40's, my mom was attending medical school in eastern Pennsylvania and one of her profs thought that the Pony Express was still providing mail service in Ohio... 

Your mother was true pioneer.  Not many women went to med school in the 40s or even the 50s or 60s or 70s. 

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Posted by tree68 on Saturday, September 7, 2019 6:44 PM

charlie hebdo

I doubt if many people on the East Coast seriously thought Indiana was largely populated by Native Americans in 1960. Let's see some evidence for that assertion. 

Why not?  A lot of people from the west would be surprised to learn there's a six million acre forest/park in New York - many would probably opine that they didn't think Central Park was that big.

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Posted by charlie hebdo on Saturday, September 7, 2019 6:44 PM

The same is true in all the states of the old Northwest Territory,  for obvious historical reasons.  It's true in many/most other states. 

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Posted by BaltACD on Saturday, September 7, 2019 6:09 PM

charlie hebdo
I doubt if many people on the East Coast seriously thought Indiana was largely populated by Native Americans in 1960. Let's see some evidence for that assertion. 

Moving to Indiana in the late 50's - I was impressed by all the communities that were sporting names that had been created by Native Americans.

Never too old to have a happy childhood!

              

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Posted by Erik_Mag on Saturday, September 7, 2019 3:53 PM

In the mid 40's, my mom was attending medical school in eastern Pennsylvania and one of her profs thought that the Pony Express was still providing mail service in Ohio...

OTOH, Pancho Villa did cross the border into the US, stopped a train and massacred many of the passengers just prior to WW1. Having said that, one big reason for not taking the SP or AT&SF would have been dealing with the high temps of a desert crossing. In addition, LA did not become the major city in California until after the 1906 earthquake.

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Posted by Convicted One on Saturday, September 7, 2019 3:36 PM

Sorry Charlie, you'll either have to accept my anecdotal accounts, or not. I don't think they believed that Native Americans constituted the predominant population, but I recall the requests of visitors to see the "first nations" 

Why is doubting that  at all important to you?

 

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Posted by charlie hebdo on Saturday, September 7, 2019 2:03 PM

I doubt if many people on the East Coast seriously thought Indiana was largely populated by Native Americans in 1960. Let's see some evidence for that assertion. 

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Posted by charlie hebdo on Saturday, September 7, 2019 2:02 PM

Duplicate 

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Posted by Convicted One on Saturday, September 7, 2019 1:16 PM

Flintlock76
Still, perceptions being everything

Back in the early 1960s it wasn't uncommon for lifelong easterners who were visiting indiana for the first time to suspect there must be a large Native American population....often wanting to go see their culture. I guess they just expected that reality must closely parallel what they had accepted in the books they had read. 

I think there is a vanity aspect as well. We are all perhaps just a little too willing to annoint ourselves as 'more civilized....educated...sophisticated..etc' than those around us. On the internet it's often convenient to dismiss those we disagree with as "trolls" (same aspect IMO)

So it's not hard for such a mentality to assume the worst out of the unknown.

If I were traveling from NYC to LA back then, and had my valuables and loved ones in my care and company, I doubt I would want to risk either, unnecessarily  if safer alternatives were available. 

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Posted by MP173 on Saturday, September 7, 2019 11:23 AM

Vance's book "The North American Railroad" is an excellent look at geography and railroads.

There are (were) reasons specific railroad lines were built and were successful.  Many of the reasons were based on geography and economics of the era...such as rivers, Great Lakes, mountains and passes, natural resources (coal, ore, etc) and agriculture.

I usually do not enjoy railroad history books (1800s) but this one was fascinating and very informative.

Gateway cities such as Chicago, St. Louis, Louisville, Cincinnati, etc are addressed.

 

Ed

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Posted by Flintlock76 on Saturday, September 7, 2019 11:18 AM

Convicted One makes a pretty good point.  Even though the US Government declared the frontier closed in 1890 the Southwest, especially Arizona and New Mexico, were still far from out of the "Wild West" era, and wouldn't be until the early years of the 20th Century.

On the other hand, some Old West historians have said the "Wild West" apellation is a bit of an exagerration.  It's been said you were in a lot more danger of dying from a rattlesnake bite than you were by gunshot!  It wasn't that wild.

Still, perceptions being everything...

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