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Quiet Zone Question

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Posted by wanswheel on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 9:51 AM
“The railroad industry believes that QZs compromise safety and they do not endorse QZ provisions.”   2012 Illinois State Rail Plan (p. 209)
 
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Posted by Ulrich on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 10:05 AM

Maybe horn use should be left to the engineer's discretion. Why does there need to be a rule for everything? There are two well paid people on most every train... why not allow them to exercise their judgement?

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Posted by zugmann on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 10:18 AM

Ulrich

Maybe horn use should be left to the engineer's discretion. Why does there need to be a rule for everything? There are two well paid people on most every train... why not allow them to exercise their judgement?

 

 

Lawyers.

It's been fun.  But it isn't much fun anymore.   Signing off for now. 


  

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Posted by Ulrich on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 10:23 AM

Yeah, how could I forget.. 

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Posted by Euclid on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 11:17 AM

Euclid
I just talked to the city engineer for Wayzata, MN who was closely involved with the creation of their quiet zone on BNSF.  He said that there was a lot of public interest in having it confirmed that removing the horn signals in the quiet zone would not decrease safety.  Clearly, the public did not want any part of a quiet zone that made the crossings more dangerous. 
The City assured the public that adding the quiet zone would not increase danger whatsoever.  The engineer explained how the FRA process involves a complex math formula that must prove that a quiet zone does not increase danger, and that no quiet zone will be approved by the FRA if it does not satisfy that condition. 
However, the Union Pacific states that they believe that quiet zones compromise the safety of railroad employees, customers, and the general public.  Yet there appears to be no factual basis for that claim, so it seems to me that Union Pacific owes the public an explanation for their assertion that quiet zones increase the danger. 
 

In response to the above quote:

Zugmann asked why I don’t call U.P. and ask them for an explanation.  I did call them yesterday after talking to the City Engineer for Wayzata.  I left a message at the appropriate department, but they have not yet returned my phone call.

To answer the point about simply letting engineers use their own discretion:

Engineers are allowed the discretion to blow the horn, but only in response to some emergency or contingency such as to warn an animal or pedestrian on the track, or to warn an approaching vehicle that appears to have no intention to yield.  However, engineers are not permitted to blow the horn simply because they believe that quiet zones are fundamentally more dangerous than non-quiet zones, as Union Pacific asserts.  The whole point of quiet zones is to not sound the horn.

 

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Posted by mudchicken on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 12:29 PM

The whole point is is it safe for railroad operations? The quiet part comes second.

The rubber tired bubbas in the equation leave a lot to be desired and along with the politicians, have too much weight in the decision.

Mudchicken Nothing is worth taking the risk of losing a life over. Come home tonight in the same condition that you left home this morning in. Safety begins with ME.... cinscocom-west
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Posted by samfp1943 on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 3:23 PM

Overmod
 
samfp1943
Seemingly, this whole argument ["Quiet Zones"] fall under the category of " Rish Management".

 

I have to ask:  Is that using Larry Niven's definition of 'rish'?

 

   OK, Overmod- Ya Got me!   Where in the heck is Norris' ( Murphy Siding's) buddy Spel Czech when you need him????EmbarrassedEmbarrassedCrying 

 

 


 

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Posted by jeffhergert on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 7:38 PM

I can't speak for the UP, but I am guessing that they may be looking at it from the point of view that by not blowing the horn, you have removed a layer of protection.

I've seen people drive through the wrong lane, then weave into the correct lane over the tracks, to bypass lowered gates at a crossing that had median protection.  This crossing was one with two tracks.

I've seen crossing gates, in certain situations, time out and begin to raise while a train is approaching a crossing.  I've also seen where a damaged gate or mechanism kept the gate from fully lowering to protect the roadway.

In those cases the added physical protections either failed or were bypassed.  Forget for the moment liability, although the lawyers won't.  The point is avoiding the collision in the first place.  The horn is that last measure of protection and because of those added protections, it has been removed. 

Now before you say I have the discression and responsibility to sound the horn in those situations, sometimes that is easier said than done.  Approaching a crossing at track speed and with the balance of the warning devices working, one may not realize a gate isn't fully lowered until you are on or very near the crossing.  You would think that people seeing the balance of the crossing signals working would exercise caution, but many would see the gate isn't down and they have time to beat the train.  

I can see where it could be argued that a crossing is more dangerous without the regular sounding of the horn.  Even if those circumstances rarely happen.  

Jeff     

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Posted by Deggesty on Tuesday, November 25, 2014 8:04 PM

Jeff, you mentioned gates that are not fully down, and peoples' ignoring the flashing lights; in the Salt Lake City area, there are several street crossings which have both flashing lights and gates--at times, people will start across the Trax tracks before the gates are fully up. However, from time to time, UTA feels it is necessary to warn that no one is to cross, even on foot, as long as the lights are flashing--and they begin flashing before the gates start coming down and do not stop until the gates are fully up.. Sometimes, it seems that the crossing is blocked off too soon, as when a train is to stop at a station that is just north of the street the crossing is blocked before the train  even stops--which seems a bit too soon. However, they system is set so that if a train is approaching--even if it is going to stop--the crossing is protected in such time that if a train should not stop the crossing belongs to UTA, and not street traffic.

It has been some time now since anyone or anything has been injured at such a crossing.

In downtown Salt Lake City, where TRAX runs down the center of streets, there are no gates; only traffic lights provide the protection (of course, in such places there is cross vehicular traffic as well). There are a few places with warnings not to drive on the tracks--such as at the few places where the tracks swerve from beside the street to the center or around a corner.

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Posted by Euclid on Wednesday, November 26, 2014 4:21 PM

jeffhergert

I can't speak for the UP, but I am guessing that they may be looking at it from the point of view that by not blowing the horn, you have removed a layer of protection.

I've seen people drive through the wrong lane, then weave into the correct lane over the tracks, to bypass lowered gates at a crossing that had median protection.  This crossing was one with two tracks.

I've seen crossing gates, in certain situations, time out and begin to raise while a train is approaching a crossing.  I've also seen where a damaged gate or mechanism kept the gate from fully lowering to protect the roadway.

In those cases the added physical protections either failed or were bypassed.  Forget for the moment liability, although the lawyers won't.  The point is avoiding the collision in the first place.  The horn is that last measure of protection and because of those added protections, it has been removed. 

Now before you say I have the discression and responsibility to sound the horn in those situations, sometimes that is easier said than done.  Approaching a crossing at track speed and with the balance of the warning devices working, one may not realize a gate isn't fully lowered until you are on or very near the crossing.  You would think that people seeing the balance of the crossing signals working would exercise caution, but many would see the gate isn't down and they have time to beat the train.  

I can see where it could be argued that a crossing is more dangerous without the regular sounding of the horn.  Even if those circumstances rarely happen.  

Jeff     

 

 

Jeff,
I agree with your point.  I don’t see how the FRA formula could compensate for those gate problems.  All it could do is hope that the engineer would see the problem and decide that it called for sounding the horn as a contingency warning that is allowed by the quite zone rules.  That might be the compensation to keep safety unchanged when a crossing is converted to a quiet zone.
But that raises another point.  From the language of the rule, an engineer may use his judgment to sound the horn if there is a special need for a warning such as a person or animal on the track.  But the engineer is not required to do so.  When you are allowed to use your own judgment, your judgment might be poor or wrong.  It might be the judgment not to act when action is called for.  There is nothing in the rule that forbids bad judgment in deciding when a warning is needed.  So this seems like a loophole in the FRA’s formula to create a quiet zone without a loss of safety.    

 

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Posted by daveklepper on Wednesday, November 26, 2014 7:46 PM

I feel certain, that with TRAX, as with other systems, the speeds in the downtown area, where there is only traffic-light control, are lower than on the private right-of ways protected by lights and gates.   The TRAX cars are fitted with magnetic track brakes and can stop about as quickly as an automobile, a far different sitation than a freigh train.

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Posted by Deggesty on Wednesday, November 26, 2014 8:26 PM

Dave, yes, the speed when in the streets or by the streets (there are at least two such places) is much less that the speed on the former Salt Lake Line.

Where there are crossing gates, there are two on each side of the tracks--this, along with a raised median between the two directions of traffic, makes it less appealing to the people who would cross to the left and then go back to the right after crossing the tracks.

Also, where the tracks are in or by the street, there are signals, at the intersections, that warn that a train is coming. I do not recall seeing mention of collisions in those areas; all that I can remember were at the intersections with the TRAX right of way (being subsidized by my tax money, it is not a private right of way).

Off hand, I do not remember hearing any horn; the signals usually do a good job of warning that the track is off limits to all but the trains when the lights are flashing.

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Posted by Ottawan on Wednesday, December 3, 2014 12:21 PM
Canadian Rail Operating Rules 14. specify when whistles are blown. However (l)(iv) seems to allow special instructions when such a signal is prohibited. These could be local bylaws Sadly last year a VIA train and double decker bus clipped each other, resulting in several bus fatalities. The bus driver may have been distracted and missed warning lights on a curve and hit the crossing gate. A whistle might have saved lives.
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Posted by Euclid on Thursday, December 4, 2014 8:18 AM

I called Union Pacific on 11/24 to ask why they believe that converting a crossing to a quiet zone makes that crossing more dangerous.  I received a callback on 11/25 from a person at U.P. who left a message that he had received my question.  However, he said that he could not answer it, so he forwarded the question to another person in the U.P. organization.  He said that person would call me and provide the answer.  So far, I have received no further response from U.P. 

 

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Posted by Falcon48 on Monday, December 8, 2014 12:48 PM

Since I was involved in FRA's "quiet zone" rulemaking and the subsequent implementation of the rule, let me make a further observation on the "quiet zone" question.  

One can, I suppose, debate whether UP's view that whistling at crossings is safer than quiet zones is valid.  But it's academic - the "whistle everywhere" choice was never really on the table when FRA adopted its train horn/quiet zone rule.  Rather, the choice was between allowing state and local governments to continue having the authority to create quiet zones, as they historically had done, or have FRA take on this role based on some sort of safety related standards.  To my mind, transferring this role to FRA was a significant safety enhancement, since state and local whistle bans were usually (although not always) created strictly for noise abatement with little or no consideration of safety implications.

So, why didn't FRA just mandate whistling at all crossings without exceptions? The reason is simple - it couldn't have been done.  Any attempt to mandate universal whistling would have led to a political uproar, and to Congressional repeal of the underlying law that gave FRA authority to regulate this area. There's no question this would have happened, and FRA and the railroads were well aware of it at the time.  Repeal would have been a disaster from a safety standpoint, as it would have left creation of quiet zones in the hands of state and local governments.  And it wouldn't have just been a continuation of the status quo.  The political uproar surrounding a repeal would have led to blizzard of new quiet zones across the country.  Giving FRA authority to create quiet zones based on safety related standards may not have theoretically been the "best" alternative, but it was the best alternative possible, and much better than the "system" which had existed prior to the FRA rule.  As some wise sage observed log ago, politics is the art of the possible.  

 

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Posted by Euclid on Friday, December 12, 2014 8:33 AM

Falcon48
  To my mind, transferring this role to FRA was a significant safety enhancement, since state and local whistle bans were usually (although not always) created strictly for noise abatement with little or no consideration of safety implications.

 

I can see the advantage of nationalizing the making of quiet zones with the aim of creating quite zones without compromising safety in the process.  The FRA says that is their goal.  The city official I spoke to told me that they assured the residents that their quiet zone does not compromise safety.
My only concern is to reconcile the conflicting claims of the Union Pacific and the FRA.  How can these two pillars of authority be in disagreement over such an important point of public trust?  One of them has to be wrong.
If the FRA is wrong, the public is being misled into believing that quite zones do not compromise safety.   If the U.P. is wrong, they would seem to be injecting poison into this public trust.   I conclude that asking either organization for an explanation is pointless because it will be impossible to get their response.  So I will just reach my own conclusions.
I conclude that the Union Pacific “belief” that quiet zones compromise safety is the true answer. However, they are not clear as to whether they mean all quiet zone crossings or just some of them.  They also do not explain how this compromising of safety happens or how much of it there is.
I conclude that the FRA position, although stated as fact, is basically unprovable.  Proof requires an objective and accurate measurement of safety, and I do not believe this is possible.
The formulas ultimately provide an illusion of a yes-or-no answer, but it is an answer that is founded on a framework of many rounded off probabilities and assumptions.     

 

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Posted by schlimm on Friday, December 12, 2014 1:58 PM

Euclid
I conclude that the FRA position, although stated as fact, is basically unprovable. 

By your "standard" the UP position is also unprovable, with an even smaller data base.  The descriptive and inferential statistics are there and likely Falcon 48 knows what and where they are.

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Posted by Euclid on Friday, December 12, 2014 2:37 PM

schlimm
 
Euclid
I conclude that the FRA position, although stated as fact, is basically unprovable. 

 

By your "standard" the UP position is also unprovable, with an even smaller data base.  

 

Oh yes indeed, the U.P. position is definitely unprovable.  I meant that to go without saying.  They say their position is a “belief.”  They offer no explanation, let alone proof.

Nevertheless, I think their belief represents the facts.  That is what I believe.
I believe that neither side has proved their case.  But the FRA tells the public that they have. 

 

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Posted by schlimm on Friday, December 12, 2014 7:07 PM

Falcon48 could probably shed some light on the data from which the FRA derived its conclusions.  Perhaps the UP has a different data set and conclusions.  But this is not about beliefs.  It is about applications of factual knowledge.

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Posted by Euclid on Saturday, December 13, 2014 9:19 AM

schlimm
Perhaps the UP has a different data set and conclusions.  But this is not about beliefs.  It is about applications of factual knowledge.

Union Pacific states their position as being something they “believe.”  They offer no factual knowledge that supports that belief.  So the U.P. position is indeed about beliefs.

The Union Pacific RR says this:
“Union Pacific believes quiet zones compromise the safety of railroad employees, customers, and the general public.”
U.P. might have some knowledge based explanation for their belief, but unless they divulge it, I can only call it a belief, just as they do. 

 

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Posted by Falcon48 on Monday, December 29, 2014 10:50 PM

schlimm

Falcon48 could probably shed some light on the data from which the FRA derived its conclusions.  Perhaps the UP has a different data set and conclusions.  But this is not about beliefs.  It is about applications of factual knowledge.

 

 FRA performed a statistical study of whistle bans (the "Nationwide Study of Whistle Bans") in connection with its development of its "train hoirn rule", 49 CFR Part 222 (this is the rule which includes the "quiet zone" provisions).  I'm not a statistical person (a considerable understatement), but FRA's most complete description of what it did is in the preamble to the December 18, 2003 Interim Final Rule in the proceeding at the following web address:

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2003-12-18/pdf/03-30606.pdf 

There's some additional explanation in the April 27, 2005 final rule, at the following web address:

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2005-04-27/pdf/05-8285.pdf 

One of the products of this study is a value called the "Nationwide Significant Risk Threshold" (NSRT), which purports to be the average of the risk indexes for gated public crossings nationwide where train horns are routinely sounded.  This value is then used to determine whether a quiet zone can be permitted (in general, a quiet zone will only be permitted if the resulting risk is at or below NSRT).  NSRT is periodically updated, and the last update was in November, 2013 (see following web address):

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-26/pdf/2013-28298.pdf

 
The 2003 study also forms the basis for the statistical "effectiveness rates" FRA uses to calculate the effect of various kinds of crossing improvements (medians, 4 quad gates, etc.).  The idea here is that, by making these improvements, a highway authority can offset the increased risk that would otherwise result from a quiet zone. 
 
Again, I'm not in a position to evaluate how valid any of this actually is.  But I would point out one thing.  Under this scheme, FRA will allow a quiet zone that, under its own methodolgy, increases grade crossing risk at particular crossings.  This can occur where the crossing risk that results from a quiet zone (even if it is greater than the non-quiet zone risk) is still below NSRT.  In this scenario, UP is clearly correct - an FRA quiet zone is increasing crossing risk.    
 
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Posted by Euclid on Friday, January 2, 2015 10:14 AM
I think that the quiet zone approval process is so complex that no two experts would agree on whether it results in crossings becoming more dangerous after converting to a quiet zone.  The FRA says that the intent is that there is no added danger in converting to a quiet zone.  I don’t recall seeing if they assure us that will be the case.  U.P. says they believe it won’t be the case, but they don’t say why.  They never called me back to answer that question.
The city engineer that I spoke to here said they were assured that no quiet zone conversions will be approved unless it is proven that they will NOT increase the danger.  He also explained that their quiet zone danger level is subject to change dependent on national crash statistics at other crossings.  The idea that one crossing will change in its danger level because statistics show a change in completely different crossings strikes me as being quite nebulous.
So when the FRA assures us that they have a system of proving the danger levels of crossings before and after a quiet zone conversion, I think the concept of “proof” is defined by the FRA under their terms; as opposed to an objective measure of safety.    
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Posted by Phoebe Vet on Friday, January 2, 2015 11:37 AM

I know that logic would seem to indicate that blowing the horn should increase safety.  However...  There is a red and white wooden barricade that lowers across the road, there are bright red flashing lights, there is a bell on the crossing, and, except for light rail, the train itself makes enough noise that it can be heard several blocks away.  If that is not sufficient, I doubt that the train horn adds much.

Grade separation is the only safe answer.

Dave

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Posted by zugmann on Friday, January 2, 2015 4:10 PM

Phoebe Vet

 

Grade separation is the only safe answer.

 

 

Do you believe that applies to light rail systems as well?

It's been fun.  But it isn't much fun anymore.   Signing off for now. 


  

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Posted by Deggesty on Friday, January 2, 2015 4:21 PM

zugmann
 
Phoebe Vet

 

Grade separation is the only safe answer.

 

 

 

 

Do you believe that applies to light rail systems as well?

 

It could well be so applied. Except in the downtown area of Salt Lake City, where (usually) center of the street operation is located, and the Traxx operators obey the traffic lights, there are many street crossings that are protected by quadruple gates, flashing lights, and bells. I have not seen much notice of people's getting in the way of Traxx trains lately, but they still do, to the dismay of everybody concerned--especially the people going to work.

There also signs warning drivers not to drive on the tracks at locations where it might be easy to not make the proper turn and drive on a track instead of in the street.

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Posted by Phoebe Vet on Friday, January 2, 2015 4:54 PM

zugmann
 
Phoebe Vet

 

Grade separation is the only safe answer.

 

 

 

 

Do you believe that applies to light rail systems as well?

 

I do.  I am also not a fan of street running.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLyCkeTcm40 

 

Dave

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Posted by zugmann on Friday, January 2, 2015 5:21 PM

Phoebe Vet

 

 
zugmann
 
Phoebe Vet

 

Grade separation is the only safe answer.

 

 

 

 

Do you believe that applies to light rail systems as well?

 

 

 

I do.  I am also not a fan of street running.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLyCkeTcm40 

 

 

 

Fair enough. I'm a bit surprised, though. You seemed to be a proponent of the TIDE. Do you believe that system could have been built grade separated?

 

My opinion is that part of the beauty of the rail system is that it is able to cross and interact with roads, allowing it to get places that would otherwise be hard if not impossible. Is it perfect system? Nope. But what is?

It's been fun.  But it isn't much fun anymore.   Signing off for now. 


  

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Posted by Phoebe Vet on Friday, January 2, 2015 6:19 PM

I am a proponent of light rail.  I just don't believe that people are smart enough to be allowed to cross RR tracks.

Dave

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Posted by Phoebe Vet on Friday, January 2, 2015 6:24 PM

Dave

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Posted by BaltACD on Friday, January 2, 2015 6:41 PM

Phoebe Vet

According to the date line - all of those were over 10 years ago, and I will presume drivers in the are are just as dense today.

Never too old to have a happy childhood!

              

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