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[quote user="Overmod"] Let me slam the door on any line of argument or discussion that equates "vibration" and "shear failure" here.[/quote] It is not an equation but vibrations can cause slope failures if shear resistance is exceeded. [quote user="Overmod"]The argument, however, is slightly different: would liquefaction producing purely a vertical displacement of the track result in a derailment? I find this relatively unlikely based in part of my knowledge of the dynamic response of three-piece trucks and the experience of the Army demolitions people investigating the best ways to derail trains in WWII.[/quote] I think that depends on how the track deforms. But as you said the liquefaction isn't necessarily centric under the fill. Here is a picture I first found in an German University publication identifying the cause of the slope failure as liquefaction through an earthquake (Seattle, 1965): <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1965_Seattle_EQ_damage.tif/lossy-page1-1000px-1965_Seattle_EQ_damage.tif.jpg">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1965_Seattle_EQ_damage.tif/lossy-page1-1000px-1965_Seattle_EQ_damage.tif.jpg</a> For me liquefaction is one possible cause among a lot others. In contrast to Euclid I haven't made up my mind because of too few information. I tried to keep the discussion on a factual level. Regards, Volker
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