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By using a minimum of water and steam, condensation in a mobile land based application -locomotive- becomes economical. I have said it before, a closed cycle steam plant can have efficiencies as high as 30%, but this is not possible in a locomotive because massive cooling capacity is necessary to complete a condensation cycle. This is not a problem in a ship in the ocean, or a power plant near a river. To heat one pound of water at sea level from 32 F to 212F takes 180 BTU of heat. To convert one pound of 212 F water at sea level to 212 F steam takes 970 BTU of heat. This is called latent heat value. To condense that same steam, that much heat must then be removed. How much water does a conventional steam locomotive hold? Water weighs about eight pounds a gallon, so a thousand gallons weighs about eight thousand pounds, and has almost 8 million BTU of latent heat!!!! What if a steam locomotive had a closed system with fifty gallons of water. And, then this water was cycled at a very high rate?
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