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I have another point of view regarding open access. <br /> <br />Railroads are natural monopolies and therefore there are cost advantages from integration. Open access would translate into many high-cost operators instead of few lower-cost big-railroads. Nevertheless, a good legal framework is essential for competitive railroads. For those interested in economic studies, this paper (only for engineers and economists) may help: <br /> <br />Bitzan, J. "Railroads Cost and Competition. The implications of introducing competition to railroad networks". Journal of Transport Ecoomics and Policy, Vol. 37, Part 2, May 2003, pp. 210-225. <br /> <br />On the other hand, separating infrastructure and operations would create incentives for increased rail/wheel damage that don't exist today and that would be very expensive to manage. If train operators are not responsible for rail maintencance, they wouldn't care about evenly load cars. <br /> <br />Finally, this is the 21st century. Locomotives are no longer steam and railroads are no longer monopolies. Let's face it, diesels and highways rule.
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