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[quote user="BaltACD"]If you don't get to bedrock - you build caca.[/quote] There are number of proven types/ state-of-the-art pile foundation. - end bearing pile foundation, driven into the bedrock. Floating pile foundation. These piles don't reach into the bedrock. The load is transferred through friction along the pipe surface into the ground. And combination of the two: <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tgtAuAm-OZk/UIh0MCiEFqI/AAAAAAAAApI/5Zgz1Tlswg0/s1600/1.gif">http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tgtAuAm-OZk/UIh0MCiEFqI/AAAAAAAAApI/5Zgz1Tlswg0/s1600/1.gif</a> And there is the so called combined pile and raft foundation. In contrast to the first mentioned pile foundations, where the piles transfer all loads into the ground, in combined pile and raft foundations piles and a foundation slab share this task. Each foundation has its own limitations. IIRC correctly the Millenium Tower has a combined pile and raft foundation with the bedrock in about 300 ft depth. Not everywhere lies the bedrock horizon so convenient that one can use end bearing piles. So your cited remark is nonsense. What went wrong in San Francisco I don't know. Here is an example for a combined pile and raft foundation: Messeturm Frankfurt <a href="https://docplayer.org/docs-images/40/3951051/images/page_15.jpg">https://docplayer.org/docs-images/40/3951051/images/page_15.jpg</a> The bedrock lies about 600 ft deep. Regards, Volker
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