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<p>[quote user="CMStPnP"]FRA is doing the right thing, given United States railway operating practices....[/quote]</p> <p>You are right, in the sense that FRA allows to ask for a waiver regarding standard Tier 1 crashworthiness standards and use the <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"><em>Appendix G to (49 CFR)  Part 238—Alternative Requirements for Evaluating the Crashworthiness and Occupant Protection Performance of a Tier I Passenger Trainset</em></span><em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">. </span></em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">(see my post above).</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">The Tier 1 standard and Appendix G are designed to lead to the same safety levels.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">In a<em> Notice of proposed rulemaking </em>FRA writes that the Appendix G leads to results close to the European standards with only minor adjustments needed.</span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">To illustrate the influence of CEM design I post a link: <em>Effectiveness of Alternative Rail Passenger Equipment Crashworthiness Strategies</em>, </span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><a href="https://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2125"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">https://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2125</span></a></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"> Different accident scenarios with different train make-up were investigated<br /></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">One collision partner was always a locomotive led conventional train of equal mass. The five train make-ups of the second collision partner were:</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">1. All conventional cars with a cab car leading (baseline case) (CCL)</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">2. All conventional cars with a locomotive leading (CLL)</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">3. Conventional coach cars with pushback couplers, with CEM cab car leading (I-CEM)</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">4. All CEM cars with a cab car leading (CEM CL)</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">5. All CEM cars with a locomotive leading (CEM LL) <br /></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">The test were conducted at speed between 10 and 40 mph.The number of fatalities was calculated from the length of crush and decceleration. Here are the results for 30 mph: <br /></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"><strong>Table from link</strong>____________________Make- up moving train <br /></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">____________________1 CCL__2 CLL___3 I-CEM___4 CEM CL___5 CEM LL <br /></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"># of fatalities due to_______0______0________0________4__________0</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">secondary impact <br /></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"># of fatalities due to_______55_____10_______10_______0__________0</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">Crush <br /></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"><br />Total fatalities____________55_____10_______10_______4__________0</span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <div style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';">Excuse the underscores (-) they allow a readable table.<br />Regards, Volker</span></span></div> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"></span></p> <p> </p> <p><em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';"> </span></em></p>
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