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DECIDING TO PROCEED The third element concerns the driver's decision to safely proceed through the grade crossing. It involves sight distance available both on the approach and at the crossing itself. Approach (Corner) Sight Distance On the approach to the crossing with no train activated traffic control devices (or STOP sign) present, in order to proceed at the posted speed limit, a driver would need to be able to see an approaching train, from either the left or right, in sufficient time to stop safely 4.5 m (15 ft) before the near rail. This would require an unobstructed field of vision along the approach sight triangle, the extent of which is dependent upon train and vehicle speed. These sight distances are available in the RHGCH. However, view obstructions often exist within the sight triangle, typically caused by structures, topography, crops or other vegetation (continually or seasonal), movable objects or weather (fog, snow, etc.). Where lesser sight distances exist, the motorist should reduce speed and be prepared to stop not less than 4.5 m (15 ft) before the near rail unless and until they are able to determine, based upon the available sight distance, that there is no train approaching and it is safe to proceed. Wherever possible, sight line deficiencies should be improved by removing structures or vegetation within the affected area, regrading an embankment, or realigning the highway approach. Many conditions however cannot be corrected because the obstruction is on private property, or it is economically infeasible to correct the sight line deficiency. If available corner sight distance is less than what is required for the legal speed limit on the highway approach, supplemental traffic control devices such as enhanced advance warning signs, STOP or YIELD signs, or reduced speed limits (advisory or regulatory) should be evaluated. If it is desirable from traffic mobility criteria to allow vehicles to travel at the legal speed limit on the highway approach, active control devices should be considered. Clearing Sight Distance At all crossings, except those with gates, a driver stopped 4.5 m (15 ft) short of the near rail must be able to see far enough down the track, in both directions, to determine if sufficient time exists for moving their vehicle safely across the tracks to a point 4.5 m (15 ft) past the far rail, prior to the arrival of a train. Required clearing sight distance along both directions of the track, from the stopped position of the vehicle, is dependent upon the maximum train speed and the acceleration characteristics of the "design " vehicle. At multiple track highway-rail grade crossings of two or more in-service railroad tracks through the roadway, and where two or more trains can operate simultaneously over or in close proximity to the crossing, the presence of a train on one track can restrict or obscure a driver's view of a second train approaching on an adjacent track. Such crossings must be treated the same as any other crossing having insufficient clearing sight distance. Even where there is only one track through the crossing, but additional tracks (such as a siding) are located adjacent to, but terminate before reaching the crossing, the sight distance to the limit of where railroad cars or equipment could be stored should be evaluated. Figure 1 is a diagram designed to illustrate some unusual conditions that would merit special consideration at a single-track highway-rail grade crossing.
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