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The two pistons operate in a single cylinder. An eight cylinder model would have 16 pistons , a 10 cylinder 20 pistons. There are no heads and no valves. A crankshaft is located at each end of the vertical cylinder. A gear train connects both crankshafts, the lower shaft's timing offset 15 degrees for power reasons. Each cylinder has a bank of exhaust ports above dead center and a bank of intake ports below dead center. As the pistons move toward each other in a cylinder they cover (close) the ports and fuel is injected into the cylinder and is ignited by the compression and starts the power stroke. As they move away from each other the exhaust port is exposed and hot gas is exhausted. Then the intake port is exposed and fresh air scavanged into that cylinder from a rotory blower. This is repeated on the other cylinders. Then back to the power stroke. <br />No heads, no valves. No hammering valves. The engines were used extensively in US submarine service. <br />tom
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