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Randy can explain the governor valves, but to help you understand his answer I will chime in a few basic ideas about governors. Your typical mechanical governor has other components, but basicaly, flywheights, a spring, and a balance bar. The flyweights are spinning when the engine is running, and their centrifugal force pushes a collar that moves the balance bar in a direction that moves the injectors to less fuel. On the other end is the spring, which moves the balance bar in the direction of more fuel. The balance bar has a break in it, where input from the shutdown lever enters. Changing spring pressure changes how hard the flywheights have to pu***o decrease fuel, which they do with greater force as engine speed increases. At some point balance between spring force and flyweights are achieved. The shutdown lever "breaks" the balance bar so that the spring and the flyweights relax and the fuel rod moves to "no fuel" position. When the shutdown lever is in run position, the balance bar cannot move below idle position. This is a bare bones explanation of a mechanical governor. There are diferent types of governor. A limiting speed or LS governor, gives direct control of engine speed, but only between a minimum and maximum rpm, this is typical of truck and automobile engines. It is possible to let the clutch out without touching the throttle, and the governor will pick up the load. A constant speed or CS governor holds engine rpm to a single set rpm, and will vary fuel output to keep that rpm. This is typical of stationary engines. A variable speed governor or you guessed it, VS governor, is like a CS governor, but the set point can be varied. This seems to be the type used in locomotives. An LS/VS governor is typical in trucks with a large PTO, like a garbage truck. when you hear the engine go to a single higher rpm while the hydraulics are being used, the governor is in VS operation. Often in the cab there is an adjustment for VS rpm. The type of governor in a locomotive engine is not mechanical but hydraulic, which is typical of larger engines because of the amount of force needed to move the fuel racks. I have not been able to find a way to buy an engine manual directly from EMD or GE, but have seen used ones for sale on E-bay. But, if you go to your nearest Detroit Diesel dealer, buy the 71 series manual because the way it is set up, it is an excellent primer of everything you need to know about operation and maintenance of diesel engines. It has been written so that somebody with no prior knowledge can operate and maintain a diesel engine.
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