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Well, I don't know how much the US Army helped, and where (can you bring up any specific instances?), but the system and practices were there before the 1900s. It just went through a big expansion in the years preceeding WWI and the Revolution. <br />The truth is that until the 1950s or so, Russian railroading was almost indistinguishable from that in the rest of Europe. <br />Starting in the late 40s and early 50s, as Russia became a superpower, tonnage and passenger mileage on the Russian railways increased to the point where four-axle (or even more) cars became needed (loadings still max out at 25-27 tons, while American ones run in the 32-37 ton range). <br />Also, the auto-coupler was introduced for the same reasons. However, Russians picked the SA-3 coupler (which, I believe, is a product of American research). This coupler is much more reliable than the knuckle because it basically is a hinge.
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