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[quote user="Murphy Siding"][quote user="dredmann"] As pointed out, the Cooper E-rating system is not a rule of thumb for designing bridges; it is a system for describing the axle loadings and spacings on a train.............................As a practical matter, I think that today, an E80 train is supposed to roughly represent a unit coal train, and is the standard design limit for most main lines. [/quote]Because the Cooper E-rating system was based on axle loadings and spacings of an 1880 consolidation steam locomotive, wouldn't the loading parameters be somewhat different for a 2007 SD-70?  Or is that a non-issue?[/quote]No no no.  The Cooper System enabled the engineer to plug in ANY axle loading in 10,000 lb. increments (you know, even in that day there were some rather heavy 2-i8-0s!).  And the driving-axle spacing of a 2-8-0 is not much different than a six-axle diesel-electric locomotive.Today we use Cooper E-80 as standard on every NEW railroad construction project we design and/or specify.  I can't speak to that being a standard on all railroads everywhere in the U.S. but it is certainly a west-of-Chicago standard for Class I railroads or anything that will carry 286K or 315K cars (whatever they might carry) and modern six-axle EMD or GE locomotives.  Overseas heavy-haul has similar axle loadings and uses the same rating.S. Hadid
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