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The European couplers are screw-type couplers with a turnbuckle and buffers.  <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Fotothek_df_n-10_0000396.jpg">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Fotothek_df_n-10_0000396.jpg</a> The coupler is shortend with the turnbuckle until the buffers a lightly compressed. <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Eisenbahn_Schraubenkupplung_1.jpeg">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Eisenbahn_Schraubenkupplung_1.jpeg</a> There is almost no free slack in the connection as the action is always buffered. As each railcar has such a coupler on each side and only one is used there is redundancy. DMUs and EMUs use automatic Scharfenber couplers which connect air and electric line automatically to. The change to knuckle couplers was considered and new railcars are prepared for their use but a change is deemed cost prohibitive. When the Janey coupler was introduced there were more than 30 state railway executives in Germany alone not just one country like the USA. At that time a change was politically impossible now it is to expensive. Regards, Volker
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