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Hi Craig, A 3 percent grade rises or falls three feet for every 100 feet of run. So, let's say you want a 2 percent grade on your layout. It would rise or fall 1.67 inches for every 10 feet of linear run. Here's the math: Divide 2 inches by 120 inches to get 1.66666 inches. Formula: Divide the height by the distance (use identical increments -- feet, inches, etc.) to arrive at the gradient. A grade that rises one foot in 12 feet is an 8.3 percent grade --way too steep except for a logging railroad. A grade that rises 1 inch in 50 inches is a 2 percent grade. Hope this helps, Paul Schmidt Associate Editor MODEL RAILROADER
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